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ISBN 978-952-5726-09-1 (Print) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Networking and Network Security (ISNNS ’10) Jinggangshan, P. R. China, 2-4, April. 2010, pp. 058-061 A Middleware-Based Approach for Mobile Service Delivery Weidong Zhao 1 , Haifeng Wu 2 , Weihui Dai 3 , Wenjuan Wang 4 , and Guangxue Yue 5 1 School of Software, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China Email: wdzhao@fudan.edu.cn 2 School of Software, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China 3 School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China 4 School of Software, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P.R.China 5 College of Mathematics & Information Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, P.R.China E-mail: 082053025@fudan.edu.cn, whdai@fudan.edu.cn, wenjuan42@gmail.com, guangxueyue@yahoo.com.cn Abstract—Service applications in mobile environment with large potential users become more and more popular. However, there are some limitations and obstacles for service delivery in mobile environment because of the particularity of mobile network and limiting ability of mobile terminals. In order to improve the efficiency and performance of service delivery, this paper introduces a middleware-based approach for mobile service delivery. In this way, the workload of mobile terminal devices can be reduced and the heterogeneities of terminal platforms and network communication protocols can be shielded off. Platform-independent, favorable extensibility, strong flexibility and well-behaved security are the typical advantages of the mobile delivery approach. Moreover, it can provide user-centric services through building user profile, without worrying about the mobile network discontinuity and limited processing abilities of mobile terminal devices. Index Terms—mobile service delivery, middleware-based, message parsing, ontology library I. INTRODUCTION Recently, the immense popularity of mobile terminals and communication technologies has quickened the development of a wide range of service applications in mobile environment, which has received much attention from academics and practitioners [1]. As a special kind of service, mobile service can enable users to make purchases, request services, access news and other information with their handheld devices. With advanced mobile communication technologies, mobile services can help people enjoy the user-centric and timely application services in the mobile network. However, there are still some restrictions limiting further development of the mobile application. For instance, the network bandwidth is more limited and the network status is changeful, which will exert a great influence on data transmission and data synchronization mode. Besides, the lower processing ability of terminal devices in mobile environment makes terminal devices very difficult to take This research was supported by National High-tech R & D Program (863 Program) of China (No.2008AA04Z127), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.Y1090264) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No.B210). Corresponding author: Weihui Dai. charge of service searching and parsing. Therefore, service applications in mobile environment are facing some great challenges because of these limitations and particularities. How to improve the efficiency and performance of service delivery in mobile environment has become a hot research topic. With autonomy, reactivity, initiative and mobility, agents can be very useful for implementing application systems in the mobile network with favorable capability and expansibility [2]. While the middleware is for managing computing resources and harmonizing network communication, consisting of a group of services that allow multiple processes to run on terminal devices to make interaction across the network. Studies have shown that the agent-based middleware can be an opportunity to bridge the gap between mobile terminal applications and service server. It not only can achieve the interconnection among different terminal application systems, but also it can shield off heterogeneities of terminal platforms and network communication protocols, ensuring users to call the services without necessarily knowing implementation details and concrete program code. Consequently, how to user agent middleware to reduce the workload of mobile terminals and providing customer-centric services efficiently is a meaningful problem to be studied. After analyzing the particularities of service delivery in mobile environment and the limitations of traditional measures, this paper proposes a service delivery approach based on agent middleware, aiming to overcome the obstacles of mobile service delivery and then meet the personalized demands of mobile terminal users. It can work well in mobile environment with its flexibility and adaptability and its asynchronous transferring mode can alleviate the problems posed by the occasional interruption of mobile network. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: related work about mobile service and agent-based middleware are introduced in Section 2. In section 3, we briefly describe the mobile service delivery framework and introduce its components in detail. Technology implementation of the middleware and an actual case study are discussed in section 4. Finally, we conclude this paper with future work.s © 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER AP-PROC-CS-10CN006 58
II. RELATED WORK A. Mobile Service Mobile service, which is defined as self-governed and modular application, can dynamically and quickly move among different network nodes, and then be published, discovered and transferred with some specific technologies, providing a standard means of communication and interaction among different software applications involved in presenting dynamic contextdriven information to the end users [3]. However, there are many obstacles for service searching and transferring in mobile environment. First, the restricted processing capabilities and memory make mobile terminal devices be difficult to deal with message parsing. Second, some mobile terminal devices do not have favorable support for direct service accessing. Besides, superfluous data delivery is not easy to achieve in the mobile network with low-speed and limited-bandwidth. What’s more, uniform service description and discovery Studies have shown that are also more complicated by reason of the differences in terminal operating systems, script languages and so on. B. Mobile Service Transferring Mechanism Generally speaking, there are three main manners to transfer services in mobile environment. The first is to use JSR(Java Specification Requests), which is defined by Java Community Process for adding two important functions for J2ME platform, one is to enable mobile terminals with J2ME applications to access services based on SOAP/XML, and the other is to provide the ability of parsing XML messages for terminal devices. However, not all mobile phones currently on the market can support JSR 172 specification. At the same time, many programmers use KSOAP (a SOAP web service client library) or Wingfoot scheme to transfer application services in mobile environment, both of which offer many easy-to-use interfaces to implement service transferring. But the complex object development for service analyzing must be carried out on mobile devices. C. Agent-based Middleware Considering the advantages of agent technology, such as autonomy, reactivity, initiative, many scholars have paid much attention to combine the advantages of middleware and agent technology. MAgNet [3] can enable social networking services for the users in mobile environment and let mobile users to define and customize their social relationships with other users. Those relationships would be used to plan and manage group events by corresponding agents. Agilla [4] is also a representative mobile agent middleware, which allows users to deploy applications by injecting mobile agents into a network. AMiGo-Mob [5], proposed to enhance group-oriented mobile service provisioning, consisting of physical layer, ontology layer and social layer. Physical layer is responsible for observing mobile users as human physically and possessing mobile devices; ontology layer is responsible for building and analyzing semantic profiles of mobile users, while the social layer are based on location and semantic similarity between user and service profiles. III. MOBILE SERVICE DELIVERY FRAMEWORK By combining middleware with multi-agent technology, this paper designs an agent-based middleware for service delivery in mobile environment, aiming to improve the efficiency and performance of service transferring in mobile environment and reduce trouble brought by limited processing capacity of mobile terminals [6]. It has many significant advantages. First, it can avoid network congestion and economize excessive energy, because of the mobility of agents and their light load. Besides, it can shield off the heterogeneity among mobile terminals and communication network. We divide the service delivery framework into three main modules. A. Mobile terminals Mobile terminals can be any devices such as cellular phones, PDAs, laptops and so on, which are responsible for connecting to the middllware with the asynchronous mode and creating service requests. Considering operating systems of mobile terminals maybe different, we choose the Java langauge to develop mobile terminal applicaions because of its platform independence. When users determine their own requests, they should fill in the appropriate form and submit this information to the middleware. Then, the user-agent will be aroused in the remote agent-based middleware, searching required services and delivering service information to the end users. Mobile terminals can disconnect with the communication network temporarily with the characteristic of asynchronous transfer mode. B. Agent-based middleware As mentioned above, the agent-based middleware acts as a mediator between the mobile service server and mobile terminal applications, this is divided into many modules as following: Message Parsing Module: In the mobile network, message transferring is achieved with XML files, which must be parsed before being displayed in terminal devices. The message paring module in the framework is responsible for paring the messages of mobile service applications as serialized byte streams instead of mobile terminals, and then help mobile terminal devices easily acquire responses and display results with less consumption. After receiving the messages, mobile terminals can transform the responses with desterilizing function, and then display the information according to terminal traits. Agent Reasoning Module: The reasoning module in the middleware mainly takes charge of encapsulating the reasoning into independent agents and making corresponding reasoning according to requests of users and some ubiquitous knowledge. In the module, many reasoning rules are collected artificially in advance, in order to endow the intelligence with agents. Agent Memory Module: Personalized registration information and accessing records are stored in this 59
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Proceedings The Second Internationa
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Table of Contents Message from the
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Zuming Xiao, Zhan Guo, Bin Tan, and
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Message from the Symposium Chairs T
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Second International Symposium on N
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model that can deal with time serie
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egression. Granger causality test i
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B. Evaluation We have evaluated thi
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Figure 3. Drainage networks generat
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TABLE I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSITION
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Figure 2. The process of the invers
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Figure 9. (a)the original image.(b)
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In order to reduce to the number of
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that studying being going to be to
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module, communication module, apper
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After the comprehensive performance
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system testing can be seen that the
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III. AUTONOMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION
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The QoE i (T i ) is the ith user’
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nodes will be formed one cluster, t
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Where n is the number of data point
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Keyboard event Application User mod
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SQL Azure will eventually include a
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The nodes in the suffix tree are dr
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[3] Y. Li, S. M. Chung, and J. D. H
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some drilling fluid produces hydrog
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and minimum structural elements in
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esults of the spatial transform par
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B. Research on protocol actions Com
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is funded
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A. Problem Description In a small b
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[4] Huang, Hung, and J. Y. jen Hsu.
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Further by calculating, the followi
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TABLE II. THE CONCENTRATION BETWEEN
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private key that obtained by using
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ontology, and the domain dictionary
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Where: G i is the selection field o
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If there is X j in a generation, wh
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Theorem 2.4([10]). Let L 1 and L 2
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evocation and the fourth group stor
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focused mainly on rule-based forms
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Ⅵ. CONCLUSION Figure 6. The Flask
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EDCF in comparison with DCF, has so
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in routing table. When search resou
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others through the selective emotio
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such as weather information, techno
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the opening window, a related page
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1) Process context storage areas. I
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V. CONCLUSION In this thesis, sCPU-
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main types of horizontal search env
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Enterprise Portal security provides
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[2] Kumaravel, N., and Kavitha, V.,
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output, so BP network has been wide
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input to the artificial neural netw
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The reduction process consists of t
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all eight normal vectors are identi
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is B object , and the number of emp
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Error 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000
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Architecture (AMBA) a new bus archi
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four layers.The far right of the gr
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TABLE II. OPERATIONAL EMPLOYEE TABL
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A. Object-relational Type To audit
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to execution time. Also, DBA would
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Liping Chen .......................
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