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McCarthy W.E. (1982), “The REA accounting model: A generalized framework for accounting systems in a shared data environment”, The Accounting Review, vol. 57, no. 3:554-578 Noy N.F., McGuinness D.L. (2001), Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology', Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-01- 05, available on-line at, http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ ontology101.pdf Osterwalder A., Pigneur Y. (2002), An e-Business Model Ontology for Modeling e-Business, 15th Bled Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 17 - 19, 2002, available on-line at, http://129.3.20.41/eps/io/papers/0202/0202004.pdf Paredes-Moreno A., Martinez-Lopez F.J., Schwartz D.G. (2010), “A methodology for the semi-automatic creation of data-driven detailed business ontologies”, Information Systems, vol. 35:758-773 Peffers K.,Tuunanen T., Rothenberger M.A.,Chatterjee S. (2007), “A design science research methodology for information systems research”, Journal of Management Information Systems vol. 24, no.3:45–77. Stanford University School of Medicine (2010), Protégé, available on-line at, http://protege.stanford.edu University of Toronto, TOVE Ontology Project (1992), available on-line at, http://www.eil.utoronto.ca/enterprise-modelling/tove/ W3C, OWL (Web Ontology Language) (2009), available on-line at, http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-owl2-overview-20091027/ W3C, OWL Web Ontology Language - Use Cases and Requirements (2004), available on-line at, http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/ ~ 257 ~
ENTERPRISE 2.0 – IS THE MARKET READY? Dragoş Marian MANGIUC 1 Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania ABSTRACT Enterprise 2.0 family technologies have growing popularity, the cloud computing market is growing rapidly and, as a consequence, companies of all sizes start to evaluate the potential fit. The use of “Software as a Service”, “Platform as a Service” and “Infrastructure as a Service” has been evolving during the past years and has become increasingly popular. As its computing viability and benefits are legitimized, the adoption rate is rapidly increasing. The most popular business model in the abovementioned family is by far “Software as a Service” (also called SaaS), which is a software distribution model assuming the software applications are hosted and maintained by the vendor or the distributor, and user access is granted exclusively by means of the Internet. Based on both literature review and action research, the paper at hand is a synthesis for the results of an empirical study performed during the last two years among Romanian and foreign companies, in order to outline and provide an objective and unbiased answer to the question: “Is the market ready for these technologies or did they come too soon?”. The paper is a part of a larger research performed by the author in the field of Enterprise 2.0 technologies. KEYWORDS: Enterprise 2.0, Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service, Empirical study INTRODUCTION As the Enterprise 2.0 family of technologies is evolving and facing ever-growing adoption, we can also observe the development of some next-generation business models for the purchase and use of business software applications, business platform and business infrastructure components. The “flagship” of these new models is, by far, “Software as a Service”, usually abbreviated SaaS, which has evolved to be a quite common practice for Enterprise 2.0 – specific software distribution (Menken, 2008). As semantic technologies penetrate and consolidate the modern organizations business processes, the traditional “sales” of business IT architectural layers (software, platform, infrastructure) give up in front of the new business models, as the consumers become aware of the simplicity and the efficiency of this new practice (Fan et. al., 2009). Based on a recent empirical study performed by the author, the paper at hand is an attempt to figure out whether this “movement” towards cloud computing is the advent of a new era in business IT, or just a fragile “wave” of interest for a novelty. 1 Correspondence address: Dragoş Marian MANGIUC, Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania; email: mangiuc@gmail.com ~ 258 ~
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THE BUCHAREST ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC S
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CONTENTS Preface PS1 Auditing Chair
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ENTERPRISE 2.0 - IS THE MARKET READ
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SEMANTIC ANNOTATION AND ASSOCIATION
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ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
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EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
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She is the Accounting Department Ed
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AUDIT COMMITTEES AS INCREASING VECT
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took into account the essential rol
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independence, competence, professio
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shareholders as companies’ owners
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expertise which could control the m
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information asymmetry. According to
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indicators reducing audit quality),
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This study reflects my own opinion
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Malone, C.F. & Roberts, R.W. (1996)
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findings. As the audit process is a
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(Weber et al., 2002) present a psyc
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2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The researc
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isk behaviour using the SPSS statis
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conclusion of this study, that age
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APPENDIX 1 The research questionnai
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THE INVESTIGATION OF ROMANIAN AUDIT
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1. ROLE AND PRACTICES OF INTERNAL A
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• Internal audit assist the board
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But there are only few papers that
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14. Internal audit should discussed
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have its place in the repertoire of
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11 Internal audit assists board/aud
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16 Internal audit is preoccupied by
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Chief of internal audit department
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Based on the above tables, we propo
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the answers and resending some foll
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Sarens G (2009) „Internal auditin
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PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE FROM THE
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integrating social responsibility i
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Administration, the Ministries, oth
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The research points out that there
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odies disclose information on the s
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On one hand, it helps them to build
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Steps Description Implement CSR com
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Gjølberg, M. (2009) „Measuring t
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ANNEX 1 Disclosures on social respo
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Country Name of Institution Finland
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Country Name of Institution The The
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IMPROVEMENT IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AN
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1.2. Improved accounting system (H1
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Shields and Shields (1998) have rev
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Flamholtz (1983) argues that accoun
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2. VARIABLE MEASUREMENT For variabl
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To analyse the data, Structural Equ
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eliable. Of all indices in Table 2
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e10 e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 Figu
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION By lookin
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of SEM as the main data analysing p
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Cooper, R. (1995). When lean enterp
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Modell, S., Lee, A., Tjenesteproduk
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a centrally planned economy era and
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are used and respected by the major
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Financial control Figure 1. Managem
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Table 2. The evolution of the defin
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Poland, a different solution has be
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continuous quality improvement by s
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• has full legal capacity and mak
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and metrics to measure efficiency.
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Currently, internal audit is becomi
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BOUNDRIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTAT
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including the credit institutions a
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What are the coordinates of this na
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• improving the quality of inform
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the parent companies prepare the co
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statements and the audit report, it
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The Insurance Supervisory Commissio
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eform went ahead the economy reform
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PS3 Financial analysis I Chairperso
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to-unit root properties. Thus, ther
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we use the “Windmeijer correction
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2.2. Results Our preliminary evalua
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M1 and M2 are tests for first-order
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Goyal A., Welch I., (2003) „Predi
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' ∑ = LΛL ( a.4. ) Here L is the
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Among these categories, the first i
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Authors Main tested method Sample c
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pay more attention to accurately cl
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whose total assets were below 100K
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Step 6: An algorithm based on multi
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called knots, nodes or breakdown po
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RMSECV = n ∑ i= 1 ( y − yˆ ) i
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the whole database and performed fi
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Bank for International Settlements
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Martikainen, T., Perttunen, J., Yli
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THE RELEVANCE OF COMPANY EVALUATION
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qualitative data, present in the co
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Although financial theory criticize
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isk (one characterized by the insol
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Table 3. List of the companies in t
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each of the three variables: 1 - lo
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Table 4. Coefficients of the classi
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a total error for the case when thi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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FINANCIAL RISK ANALYSIS AT THE STOC
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society we live in. Additionally, r
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loans of the banking system, they m
Page 208 and 209: Graph 1. CLF evolutions during 2005
Page 210 and 211: The times we are living require the
Page 212 and 213: BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PREPARING IFR
Page 214 and 215: 1.2. Paper’s aim and contribution
Page 216 and 217: � introduction of basic principle
Page 218 and 219: • the consistency of adjustments
Page 220 and 221: � all-in-one solution, when entit
Page 222 and 223: • Voluntary application of the IF
Page 224 and 225: other sophisticated systems are use
Page 226 and 227: Certainly Rather yes Rather not Cer
Page 228 and 229: classified as investments in associ
Page 230 and 231: PS5 Fair value Chairperson Mihaela
Page 232 and 233: 1. BACKGROUND The main objective of
Page 234 and 235: transactions involving identical or
Page 236 and 237: and the representative body which t
Page 238 and 239: market data (see paragraphs 36 and
Page 240 and 241: The most advantageous market is the
Page 242 and 243: Question 10 With the sixth question
Page 244 and 245: proposed guidance does not sufficie
Page 246 and 247: % 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,
Page 248 and 249: the criticisms and suggestions, the
Page 250 and 251: AN ENTERPRISE ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
Page 252 and 253: example, in this sense, constitutes
Page 254 and 255: • Setting properties for each cla
Page 256 and 257: 3.5. Defining properties for classe
Page 260 and 261: 1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This attemp
Page 262 and 263: novelty, the difference resides in
Page 264 and 265: comes with unlimited scalability at
Page 266 and 267: the main reason to embrace Enterpri
Page 268 and 269: • A large multinational company p
Page 270 and 271: fluctuating demands, and cost savin
Page 272 and 273: development, taking advantage of th
Page 274 and 275: The adoption of the new software di
Page 276 and 277: NON-TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN ADOPTIN
Page 278 and 279: • The virtualization techniques a
Page 280 and 281: identification of compliance reques
Page 282 and 283: overloaded. In such situations, ins
Page 284 and 285: alternative, able to significantly
Page 286 and 287: or reliability issues. As the cloud
Page 288 and 289: CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE OR
Page 290 and 291: Data breaches is in the forefront o
Page 292 and 293: Enterprise Governance is a relative
Page 294 and 295: These four domains are interrelated
Page 296 and 297: 3.2 Oracle database audit steps Thr
Page 298 and 299: • Export files The auditor should
Page 300 and 301: • Access and authorization All us
Page 302 and 303: REFERENCES Al Marcella (2006) IT Au
Page 304 and 305: USE OF FINANCIAL SECURITIES IN THE
Page 306 and 307: etween the listing of accounting un
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within the latter becomes possible
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Price/Earnings ratio model is a ver
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Bills of exchange and checks repres
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Pirchegger (2006) is concerned with
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is one
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THE FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND THE DY
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The financial engineering represent
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characteristics: form (capital mark
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Compared with the ETFs, the options
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Graph 1. The evolution of ETFs at g
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5.5 billion $, the most important f
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Figure 1. Mainstream View of Global
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seams to intensify the pessimism of
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Marshall, J. & Bansal, V. (2004) Fi
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selection had the strongest impact
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n+ 1 m ∑ri X i + ∑R j z j = ∑
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2. FUZZY MIXED SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
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Figure 4. The membership function f
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We already have the values of f M a
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CONCLUSIONS We can conclude by show
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THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DESCRIPTORS I
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� Leverage (GI) - reflect the tot
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each unit of risk. It is calculated
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Analyzing these results shows that
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In the short portfolios case only t
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APPENDIX 1 Issuing companies from t
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Issuers Reverse of the historical v
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INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: EU
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Similarly, Stewart (1997) considers
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In a manner similar to prior resear
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information related to their intang
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As shown in Figure 3, within extern
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Bontis, N. (1998). “Intellectual
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this capital, which contains non-fi
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external capital (the customers - c
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The image of the company Supply and
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Infrastructure assets (corporate cu
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Table 2. The analyzed elements of i
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• as for the human capital, four
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APPENDIX 1 The analyzed entities En
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DETERMINANTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITA
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from the work performed by a panel
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Garcia-Meca et al. (2005) used univ
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comprehensive in some industries, s
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eliable data, a rigorous and transp
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textile/clothing, and tourism/leisu
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External (customer/relational) capi
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This output shows for each of the 4
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ICD_Index Equal variances assumed E
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hypothesis H3 and thus we can state
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Lang, M. and Lundholm, R. (1993)
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IMPACTS AND CHANGES IN THE ACCOUNTI
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the IAS adoption caused fundamental
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policies, we examined the net incom
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policy was established by the recog
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Table 2. IAS under examination, ten
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as tangible assets and their subseq
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Rahman, A., Perera, H. and Ganesh,
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PS10 Performance management Chairpe
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• comparative analysis between co
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investment in infrastructure, once
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Romtelecom has undergone a major tr
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LRIC models provide cost orientatio
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are primarily used for performance
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Dnes, A. (1995), “Post-privatizat
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considered under a different statem
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• The need to simulate efficient
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We considered this as well, by usin
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Aspect Focus Systems Development A
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Tabel 3. Internal process design Me
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the manager with the actual figures
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***http://www.isaca.org - IASCA sit
Page 460 and 461:
The concept of sustainable developm
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Managers need to know all about the
Page 464 and 465:
Table 3 Cumulative number of batche
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From another point of view, indicat
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Code has been modified through Law
Page 470 and 471:
Another reason for termination of a
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and legal authorisations expired. H
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interdiction of dismissal can be ex
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Though dismissal due to professiona
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The rules regarding the collective
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If, on the contrary, the flexibilit
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PS11 Management information systems
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governments. The primary values of
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� with legacy applications- who n
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strategies behind the deployment of
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• iKP (Internet Keyed Payments Pr
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• Many alternative protocol paths
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specific problems are associated wi
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Boping, Z. & Shiyu, S., (2009), ”
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ehavior - meaning how to act over t
Page 500 and 501:
Structuring the educational content
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pedagogical object is annotated usi
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associative). This aspect is repres
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Integration of ontologies Figure 5.
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Language) and an extension of RDF a
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Reviewing some relevant papers (Isf
Page 512 and 513:
Figure 10. Ontology for detailing t
Page 514 and 515:
Pernin, J.P. (2004) LOM, SCORM et I
Page 516 and 517:
these documents are still difficult
Page 518 and 519:
Figure 2. Framework for semantic an
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Figure 4. Semantic annotation using
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• It should verify the credential
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Each skill from the job offer ( ) i
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3.2. IT competency ontologies withi
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10. Computer network administrator
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items were required, such as ”Wor
Page 532 and 533:
Hernandez, N. (2005), “Ontologies
Page 534 and 535:
The current limitations in the qual
Page 536 and 537:
The assurance of Business Intellige
Page 538 and 539:
In the case study mentioned at tier
Page 540 and 541:
improve performance. The ability to
Page 542 and 543:
One key benefit to our system is th
Page 544 and 545:
Grossmann Wilfried (2010), “A Con
Page 546 and 547:
CORPORATE VALUES, THE COMPANIES’
Page 548 and 549:
1.2. The Lack of Trust or the Crisi
Page 550 and 551:
an impact on the individual behavio
Page 552 and 553:
By making their corporate values pu
Page 554 and 555:
The second situation appears when t
Page 556 and 557:
geographical area. Regarding the fi
Page 558 and 559:
sector ranked by market capitalizat
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ehaviour. Only few managers will ad
Page 562 and 563:
Table 5. The value system of the Fr
Page 564 and 565:
Anon, (2002b). “Most executives s
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HOW CAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MITIGA
Page 568 and 569:
Studies on frauds have emphasized t
Page 570 and 571:
environmental or situational factor
Page 572 and 573:
and later in the documentation phas
Page 574 and 575:
Knowing the factors that contribute
Page 576 and 577:
• Have audit committee members pa
Page 578 and 579:
� strengthen regulations as for e
Page 580 and 581:
REFERENCES AICPA (2005) Management
Page 582 and 583:
created by the new technology, by t
Page 584 and 585:
Figure 2. Connection between compan
Page 586 and 587:
The companies that meet the positiv
Page 588 and 589:
employed, their families would lack
Page 590 and 591:
Phishing. There are numerous traps
Page 592 and 593:
competence and doesn’t understand
Page 594 and 595:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES: AN
Page 596 and 597:
• Executive directors should be a
Page 598 and 599:
The corporate governance system in
Page 600 and 601:
set out by the OECD in a general ma
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• 32% of the companies (21 out of
Page 604 and 605:
Period Emerging economies and corpo
Page 606 and 607:
• Customers: Most stakeholder mod
Page 608 and 609:
and The Remuneration Committee cons
Page 610 and 611:
CONCLUSIONS Starting from transpare
Page 612 and 613:
Richard, B. and Miellet, D. (2002),
Page 614 and 615:
IMPACT OF FUNDED STATUS OF PENSIONS
Page 616 and 617:
wage level, national average earnin
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foreign currency in reserve currenc
Page 620 and 621:
THE IMPACT OF UNREALISED FOREIGN EX
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y the foreign exchange differences
Page 624 and 625:
However, the entity has not conduct
Page 626 and 627:
What means "fictitious or non-distr
Page 628 and 629:
difficult economic situation at gen
Page 630 and 631:
VALUE RELEVANCE OF CONSOLIDATED VER
Page 632 and 633:
market value relevance studies (Hel
Page 634 and 635:
capital market as a whole, since th
Page 636 and 637:
Share prices for the sampled observ
Page 638 and 639:
Hypothesis 2: The value relevance o
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In order to test if an eventual rel
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Table 5. Correlation matrix of vari
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Table 7. Empirical results for regr
Page 646 and 647:
Figure 2. Evolution of value releva
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(Francis, 1986: 394). We consider t
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Niskanen, J., Kinnunen, J. and Kasa
Page 652 and 653:
must be able to accurately demonstr
Page 654 and 655:
Market surveys show that the main p
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party, with only one condition: tha
Page 658 and 659:
accounting activity. Also, professi
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Page 662 and 663:
Due to these changes in the economy
Page 664 and 665:
to the computer system, the acquisi
Page 666 and 667:
The importance of IT Risk and Compl
Page 668 and 669:
Factor - objective The Customer (In
Page 670 and 671:
The security requirements for cloud
Page 672 and 673:
Figure 5. General framework for inf
Page 674 and 675:
ISMS Process (Source: Applying ISO
Page 676 and 677:
greater confidence in the organizat
Page 678 and 679:
Băbeanu D, (2008), Information str
Page 680 and 681:
A TEST OF DIFFERENT MODELS FOR THE
Page 682 and 683:
2003; Braga et al., 2007). For a re
Page 684 and 685:
Where Y is the software effort, x i
Page 686 and 687:
means that multiplying inputs x and
Page 688 and 689:
The Desharnais dataset contains ele
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very far away from the predicted va
Page 692 and 693:
Braga, P.L, Oliveira, A.L.I, Ribeir
Page 694 and 695:
Sayyad Shirabad, J. and Menzies, T.
Page 696 and 697:
First, during the development cycle
Page 698 and 699:
If it’s calculated: Δk = CSIk -
Page 700 and 701:
For emerging organizations, among t
Page 702 and 703:
which connects is audited and the r
Page 704 and 705:
THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM
Page 706 and 707:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Tendencie
Page 708 and 709:
included in the category of develop
Page 710 and 711:
It was interesting to discover whic
Page 712 and 713:
2.2 Why are web-based applications
Page 714 and 715:
Figure 1. Web based accounting arch
Page 716 and 717:
From this module data are translate
Page 718 and 719:
Table 2. The relation between the l
Page 720 and 721:
Groza C., Briciu S., Cordos A.M, (2
Page 722 and 723:
present the information, but is dif
Page 724 and 725:
The second step was to establish th
Page 726 and 727:
Academic Journals Total 5 Computer
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Table 4. Articles that mention XBRL
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and Kogan, 2010; Debreceny et al.,
Page 732 and 733:
Hou, X., Hu. G, Ma, L., Liu, T., Pa
Page 734 and 735:
15, 2009 on, the largest companies
Page 736 and 737:
common base taxonomies like an IFRS
Page 738 and 739:
Increasing comparability Improving
Page 740 and 741:
3. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DISCUSSION
Page 742 and 743:
(1982) found no link between profit
Page 744 and 745:
Table 1. Overview of Sample firms N
Page 746 and 747:
information covers 40 items, non-fi
Page 748 and 749:
No. Firms Overall Disclosures XBRL
Page 750 and 751:
Table 4. Sample Characteristics Var
Page 752 and 753:
Table 7. Model summaries for overal
Page 754 and 755:
(Healy and Palepu 2001). Finally, t
Page 756 and 757:
Gray, S., Meek, G. and Roberts, C.
Page 758 and 759:
Trabelsi, S., Labelle, R. and Lauri
Page 760 and 761:
OBLIGATION OR OPPORTUNITY FOR DRAWI
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IFRS for SMEs provides that, beside
Page 764 and 765:
financial statements. We assume tha
Page 766 and 767:
statements. The group of subjects w
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statements before, the questionnair
Page 770 and 771:
Popa M. (2006), “Elemente sinteti
Page 772 and 773:
INTRODUCTION The preparation of a s
Page 774 and 775:
should also affect the recognition
Page 776 and 777:
consolidated accounting remained in
Page 778 and 779:
accounting regulations, for small a
Page 780 and 781:
The standard published by IASB, in
Page 782 and 783:
Chart 4. Q7 Responses Nevertheless,
Page 784 and 785:
After processing the collected data
Page 786 and 787:
(turnover, average number of employ
Page 788 and 789:
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
Page 790 and 791:
literally several provisions of the
Page 792 and 793:
treatments. For instance, the share
Page 794 and 795:
however to be enlarged upon and als
Page 796 and 797:
4.5. Separate evaluation of assets
Page 798 and 799:
Moreover, the legal documents suppo
Page 800 and 801:
(Slemrod and Blumenthal, 1996). In
Page 802 and 803:
D’Ascenzo, Michael; England, Andr
Page 804 and 805:
Walker, D. I. (2007), „Financial
Page 806 and 807:
FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL
Page 808 and 809:
companies, we found a statistical s
Page 810 and 811:
The “free cash flow” term is th
Page 812 and 813:
investments are "lumpy" and positiv
Page 814 and 815:
estructuring process of the compani
Page 816 and 817:
For the analysis model between the
Page 818 and 819:
Table 4. Relationship between FL, T
Page 820 and 821:
CONCLUSIONS There is no universal t
Page 822 and 823:
IMPACT OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECI
Page 824 and 825:
1. PRESENTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC P
Page 826 and 827:
The equation shows that maintaining
Page 828 and 829:
or expense. expense. ( * 100) N < (
Page 830 and 831:
As we mentioned in the previous sub
Page 832 and 833:
maintain the quality of the operati
Page 834 and 835:
INCLUDING BEHAVIOURAL ELEMENTS IN A
Page 836 and 837:
� the strong form - all informati
Page 838 and 839:
Cognitive biases (Moderate) 3. COGN
Page 840 and 841:
method with the next results: ancho
Page 842 and 843:
3.7. Cognitive dissonance bias When
Page 844 and 845:
versus development potential. The t
Page 846 and 847:
This bias could determine the inves
Page 848 and 849:
5.2. Anchoring bias You bought two
Page 850 and 851:
• I am looking at the returns but
Page 852 and 853:
• Even if I am very satisfied wit
Page 854 and 855:
60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 856 and 857:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main
Page 858 and 859:
Hirshleifer, D., Hou, K S., Teoh, H
Page 860 and 861:
Sinha, G. (2005) „Training the br
Page 862 and 863:
ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PER
Page 864 and 865:
1. ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
Page 866 and 867:
principles class. A more particular
Page 868 and 869:
As previously mentioned, the questi
Page 870 and 871:
After developing the two methodolog
Page 872 and 873:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 874 and 875:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 876 and 877:
etween the two calculated means to
Page 878 and 879:
Cluster analysis being performed wi
Page 880 and 881:
Mcduffie, S. and Smith, L.M (2006),
Page 882 and 883:
Nobes and Parker (2008) argue that
Page 884 and 885:
• The creation of a hierarchy of
Page 886 and 887:
demanders of that education” (Ame
Page 888 and 889:
The results of chi-square test appl
Page 890 and 891:
ecommended by IES 2 (Content Progra
Page 892 and 893:
REFERENCES The Academy of Economic
Page 894 and 895:
naturally succeed on the organizati
Page 896 and 897:
negotiation table, where they are t
Page 898 and 899:
It is relatively easy to observe th
Page 900 and 901:
Carr, C., (1990) Front-line Custome
Page 902 and 903:
Figure 1. Social networking became
Page 904 and 905:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW Formerly desig
Page 906 and 907:
The base concept for Twitter is to
Page 908 and 909:
2. STUDY METHODOLOGY Lee and McLoug
Page 910 and 911:
Figure 7. Structure of the survey p
Page 912 and 913:
Figure 10. Frequency of access (ema
Page 914 and 915:
have to be better trained to protec
Page 916 and 917:
ANNEX 1 Questionnaire on the impact
Page 918 and 919:
The first works in Romanian, in the
Page 920 and 921:
However, after 10 years, the Transy
Page 922 and 923:
century when the economic life star
Page 924 and 925:
first accounting manual written in
Page 926 and 927:
category, and those of owners equit
Page 928 and 929:
Cluj, also called College, was orga
Page 930 and 931:
� the political influence and the
Page 932 and 933:
Jinga, 1943:1). During its 14 years
Page 934 and 935:
The accounting literature is rich a
Page 936 and 937:
4.2.2. Influence of European practi
Page 938 and 939:
Due to the foundation of the Academ
Page 940 and 941:
PS19 Financial markets Chairperson
Page 942 and 943:
attempt to predict future prices, n
Page 944 and 945:
In the context of IFRS adoption, th
Page 946 and 947:
Advisory Group (FCAG) which compris
Page 948 and 949:
milestones that, if achieved, may l
Page 950 and 951:
250 Japanese companies are listed o
Page 952 and 953:
Graphic 1. Recent evolutions of DJI
Page 954 and 955:
1 ˆ μ = T T ∑ i= 1 2 σ Tq and
Page 956 and 957:
p values are computed directly from
Page 958 and 959:
Cheung, K.C. and Coutts, J.A. (2001
Page 960 and 961:
PROPERTIES OF ANALYSTS’ FORECASTS
Page 962 and 963:
Several recent papers have showed t
Page 964 and 965:
Observations Minimum Maximum Mean S
Page 966 and 967:
Olimid. L., Ionaşcu M., Popescu L.
Page 968 and 969:
� recognizing expenses in three p
Page 970 and 971:
This study is structured in the fol
Page 972 and 973:
eassessment, it is easily to make i
Page 974 and 975:
only 9 companies have written out t
Page 976 and 977:
• for calculation correlation deg
Page 978 and 979:
Figure 1.The distribution of financ
Page 980 and 981:
The 2 β coefficient in the formula
Page 982 and 983:
Entities nomber Table 3. Difference
Page 984 and 985:
coefficient, for both the correlati
Page 986 and 987:
COMPANY NAME Balance sheet date Sto
Page 988 and 989:
ANNEX 3 (amounts in pounds or centi
Page 990 and 991:
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SOCIAL AND ENV
Page 992 and 993:
equirements with their implementati
Page 994 and 995:
are motivated by national environme
Page 996 and 997:
We created a database containing in
Page 998 and 999:
process to implement at an extended
Page 1000 and 1001:
We noticed that an important percen
Page 1002 and 1003:
CSR sections in the annual report i
Page 1004 and 1005:
CONCLUSIONS The qualitative aspects
Page 1006 and 1007:
Lungu, C.I., Caraiani, C., Dascalu,
Page 1008 and 1009:
into new territories, destruction c
Page 1010 and 1011:
Attempts by economists to describe
Page 1012 and 1013:
essential to establish a monotony p
Page 1014 and 1015:
There is an observable prevalence o
Page 1016 and 1017:
source and detect the sensor, givin
Page 1018 and 1019:
stimulating system is manifesting,
Page 1020 and 1021:
Decision-maker = Organized actions/
Page 1022 and 1023:
Cline, W. R. (1992) The Economics o
Page 1024 and 1025:
Vogtländer, J.,(2010) LCA-based as
Page 1026 and 1027:
1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN ROMA
Page 1028 and 1029:
H5: The financial performance of en
Page 1030 and 1031:
No. Environmental information detai
Page 1032 and 1033:
environmental reporting than the en
Page 1034 and 1035:
It can be thus concluded, that the
Page 1036 and 1037:
CONCLUSIONS The level of environmen
Page 1038 and 1039:
Gamble, G.O., Hsu, K., Kite, D. and
Page 1040 and 1041:
APPENDIX 1 Description of the varia
Page 1042 and 1043:
Compa 1 1 2 77 301563792 1860 1 2 2
Page 1044 and 1045:
greater attachment to the area amon
Page 1046 and 1047:
process of the compartment the info
Page 1048 and 1049:
Figure 2. Table of the allocation o
Page 1050 and 1051:
eallocation of the resources needed
Page 1052 and 1053:
• point d), Non distributable val
Page 1054 and 1055:
where: • IVCRSPam(t;s) = Intangib
Page 1056 and 1057:
The same reflection concerns the en
Page 1058 and 1059:
the function to compensate possible
Page 1060 and 1061:
Giovanelli, F. and Di Bella, I. and
Page 1062 and 1063:
THE IMPACT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVEL
Page 1064 and 1065:
too small, the revenues and, as a c
Page 1066 and 1067:
the customers might refuse to pay o
Page 1068 and 1069:
Among other financing sources, we c
Page 1070 and 1071:
time, a rising fuel price will also
Page 1072 and 1073:
Subsidies are granted in order to p
Page 1074 and 1075:
energy comes to complete the conven
Page 1076 and 1077:
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
Page 1078 and 1079:
Forum and Joint Research Centre of
Page 1080 and 1081:
institutions show that investors te
Page 1082 and 1083:
Minimum of 39.1 to a Maximum of 95.
Page 1084 and 1085:
EPI 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Figure
Page 1086 and 1087:
The determination rapport (R-square
Page 1088 and 1089:
Environmental challenges come in ma
Page 1090 and 1091:
Page 1092 and 1093:
1. INFORMATION The information assu
Page 1094 and 1095:
2.1. The benefits of information
Page 1096 and 1097:
2.3. How line managers use informat
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 2. CATWOE illustration of in
Page 1100 and 1101:
We can assume that the problems enu
Page 1102 and 1103:
time deliveries between each link o
Page 1104 and 1105:
• Reliability and safety. Paralle
Page 1106 and 1107:
From the customer perspective an ER
Page 1108 and 1109:
There are two methodologies for imp
Page 1110 and 1111:
Hotăran, I. & Horga, G. (2010) “
Page 1112 and 1113:
database vendors, is mainly about d
Page 1114 and 1115:
• The first is the business aspec
Page 1116 and 1117:
of it, to dig out meaningful relati
Page 1118 and 1119:
Traditional analytical tools claim
Page 1120 and 1121:
2.1 Analytics get more embedded int
Page 1122 and 1123:
The most spread analytical tools fo
Page 1124 and 1125:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Data con
Page 1126 and 1127:
PS22 Management accounting Chairper
Page 1128 and 1129:
in traditional management accountin
Page 1130 and 1131:
in order to fulfil the needs of cen
Page 1132 and 1133:
Very similar research had been perf
Page 1134 and 1135:
Brierley, J.A., Cowton, C.J., Drury
Page 1136 and 1137:
THE ROLE OF COSTS AND CONTROL IN EN
Page 1138 and 1139:
Performance optimization is transla
Page 1140 and 1141:
6. The value adding chain must assu
Page 1142 and 1143:
This is why the size of the target
Page 1144 and 1145:
To establish: 1. target cost and es
Page 1146 and 1147:
When the business opportunities are
Page 1148 and 1149:
an increase in profit equal to the
Page 1150 and 1151:
THE CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Page 1152 and 1153:
1. THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGE IN THE MA
Page 1154 and 1155:
manner in which the speech is desig
Page 1156 and 1157:
published in Romanian journals. The
Page 1158 and 1159:
published on a particular segment,
Page 1160 and 1161:
2003; GCF, 2003; AMIS), target cost
Page 1162 and 1163:
Risk management 3 2 2.86 2 25 Inter
Page 1164 and 1165:
From the research methodology point
Page 1166 and 1167:
Glăvan, M., Brăescu (Dumitru), M.
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