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each unit of risk. It is calculated by first subtracting the estimate return from the return of the portfolio, then dividing by the standard deviation of the portfolio. _ R – portfolio return ER – estimated return for a period of time σP – portfolio standard deviation _ R− ER ShR = (13) σ Sortino Ratio (SR) - is similar to the Sharpe ratio, except it uses downside deviation for the denominator instead of standard deviation, the use of which doesn't discriminate between up and down volatility. R − ER SR = (14) σ d R – return over a period of time σ2 – downside risk – standard deviation of negative returns 2. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODELS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS The models will be tested empirically on a set of 137 companies listed on European capital markets. The issuing companies that were selected for fundamental analysis are included in the structure of some important indexes from the European capital market: CAC40 (France), Ibex 35 (Spain), S & P MIB (Italy), DAX (Germany), FTSE 100 (UK) BUX (Hungary), PX (Czech Republic) and WIG 20 (Poland). The perspective of analysis considered for analyzing financial descriptors is 2006-2008, and for the year 2009 we accomplished a forecast of possible returns that an issuer can record based on the results obtained from the analysis of the financial rates. For an easier implementation of the model, the selected issuing companies were grouped according to sectors in which they operate (see Annex 1-5): � basic materials sector - 18 companies; � industrial sector - 24 companies; � technology, telecommunications and media sector - 19 companies; � energy sector - 29 companies; � consumer and health sector - 47 companies. The used methodology implies recourse to a "Panel Generalized Method of Movements." There are several advantages of the GMM-SYS over other static or dynamic panel estimation methods. Among these: static panel estimates, as the OLS models, are subjected to the problem of dynamic panel bias (Bond, 2002); in our database, we have 127 companies (N) analyzed over a short time span of 3 years (T) and the literature includes several arguments for dynamic panel model being specially designed for a situation where “T” is smaller than “N” in order to control for dynamic panel bias (Bond 2002; Baltagi 2008); the problem of the potential endogeneity can be easier addressed in dynamic panel models than in static and OLS models, since all P ~ 351 ~
variables from the regression which are not correlated with the error term (including lagged and differenced variables) can be potentially used as valid instrumental variables; the dynamic panel model is able to identify short and long-run involved effects (Baltagi 2008). Also, the GMM-System exploits the stationarity restrictions, while the first-differenced GMM estimator can behave poorly when the time series are persistent. The obtained empirical results are presented in the following table: Table 1 Statistic model results Dependent Variable: Market returns Method: Panel Generalized Method of Moments Transformation: First Differences White period instrument weighting matrix White period standard errors & covariance (d.f. corrected) Instrument specification: Lagged values of returns (from 1 to 3), EPS and ROA (from 1 To 2) Constant added to instrument list A) Basic materials (18 companies) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Returns(-1) -1.243457 0.092652 -13.42078 0.0000 EPS(-1) 0.091567 0.022418 4.084497 0.0011 ROA(-1) -18.69844 2.601485 -7.187601 0.0000 ROE(-1) 8.809040 2.473420 3.561482 0.0031 B) Industrial (24 companies) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Returns(-1) -0.963363 0.083750 -11.50283 0.0000 Diluted EPS(-1) -17.34071 10.35401 -1.674782 0.1095 Effective interest rate(-1) -26.85258 7.338023 -3.659376 0.0016 C) Technology, telecommunications, media (19 companies) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Returns(-1) -1.037504 0.139906 -7.415721 0.0000 EPS(-1) 1.349303 0.201852 6.684601 0.0000 D) Energy (29 companies) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Returns(-1) -1.001197 0.085291 -11.73854 0.0000 EPS(-1) -1.940791 0.557147 -3.483446 0.0017 E) Consumer, health (47 companies) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Returns(-1) 0.887278 0.897732 0.988355 0.3286 Current liquidity(-1) 7.336577 1.439564 5.096389 0.0000 Quick ratio(-1) -15.90176 3.375288 -4.711231 0.0000 EPS(-1) 0.506861 0.090912 5.575270 0.0000 (Source: Developed by the author based on data’s supplied by Teletrader Software AG) ~ 352 ~
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THE BUCHAREST ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC S
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CONTENTS Preface PS1 Auditing Chair
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ENTERPRISE 2.0 - IS THE MARKET READ
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SEMANTIC ANNOTATION AND ASSOCIATION
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ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
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EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
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She is the Accounting Department Ed
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AUDIT COMMITTEES AS INCREASING VECT
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took into account the essential rol
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independence, competence, professio
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shareholders as companies’ owners
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expertise which could control the m
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information asymmetry. According to
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indicators reducing audit quality),
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This study reflects my own opinion
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Malone, C.F. & Roberts, R.W. (1996)
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findings. As the audit process is a
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(Weber et al., 2002) present a psyc
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2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The researc
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isk behaviour using the SPSS statis
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conclusion of this study, that age
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APPENDIX 1 The research questionnai
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THE INVESTIGATION OF ROMANIAN AUDIT
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1. ROLE AND PRACTICES OF INTERNAL A
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• Internal audit assist the board
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But there are only few papers that
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14. Internal audit should discussed
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have its place in the repertoire of
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11 Internal audit assists board/aud
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16 Internal audit is preoccupied by
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Chief of internal audit department
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Based on the above tables, we propo
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the answers and resending some foll
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Sarens G (2009) „Internal auditin
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PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE FROM THE
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integrating social responsibility i
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Administration, the Ministries, oth
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The research points out that there
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odies disclose information on the s
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On one hand, it helps them to build
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Steps Description Implement CSR com
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Gjølberg, M. (2009) „Measuring t
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ANNEX 1 Disclosures on social respo
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Country Name of Institution Finland
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Country Name of Institution The The
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IMPROVEMENT IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AN
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1.2. Improved accounting system (H1
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Shields and Shields (1998) have rev
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Flamholtz (1983) argues that accoun
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2. VARIABLE MEASUREMENT For variabl
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To analyse the data, Structural Equ
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eliable. Of all indices in Table 2
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e10 e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 Figu
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION By lookin
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of SEM as the main data analysing p
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Cooper, R. (1995). When lean enterp
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Modell, S., Lee, A., Tjenesteproduk
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a centrally planned economy era and
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are used and respected by the major
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Financial control Figure 1. Managem
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Table 2. The evolution of the defin
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Poland, a different solution has be
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continuous quality improvement by s
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• has full legal capacity and mak
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and metrics to measure efficiency.
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Currently, internal audit is becomi
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BOUNDRIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTAT
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including the credit institutions a
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What are the coordinates of this na
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• improving the quality of inform
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the parent companies prepare the co
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statements and the audit report, it
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The Insurance Supervisory Commissio
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eform went ahead the economy reform
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PS3 Financial analysis I Chairperso
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to-unit root properties. Thus, ther
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we use the “Windmeijer correction
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2.2. Results Our preliminary evalua
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M1 and M2 are tests for first-order
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Goyal A., Welch I., (2003) „Predi
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' ∑ = LΛL ( a.4. ) Here L is the
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Among these categories, the first i
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Authors Main tested method Sample c
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pay more attention to accurately cl
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whose total assets were below 100K
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Step 6: An algorithm based on multi
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called knots, nodes or breakdown po
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RMSECV = n ∑ i= 1 ( y − yˆ ) i
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the whole database and performed fi
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Bank for International Settlements
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Martikainen, T., Perttunen, J., Yli
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THE RELEVANCE OF COMPANY EVALUATION
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qualitative data, present in the co
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Although financial theory criticize
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isk (one characterized by the insol
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Table 3. List of the companies in t
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each of the three variables: 1 - lo
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Table 4. Coefficients of the classi
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a total error for the case when thi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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FINANCIAL RISK ANALYSIS AT THE STOC
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society we live in. Additionally, r
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loans of the banking system, they m
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Graph 1. CLF evolutions during 2005
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The times we are living require the
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BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PREPARING IFR
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1.2. Paper’s aim and contribution
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� introduction of basic principle
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• the consistency of adjustments
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� all-in-one solution, when entit
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• Voluntary application of the IF
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other sophisticated systems are use
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Certainly Rather yes Rather not Cer
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classified as investments in associ
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PS5 Fair value Chairperson Mihaela
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1. BACKGROUND The main objective of
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transactions involving identical or
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and the representative body which t
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market data (see paragraphs 36 and
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The most advantageous market is the
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Question 10 With the sixth question
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proposed guidance does not sufficie
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% 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,
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the criticisms and suggestions, the
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AN ENTERPRISE ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
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example, in this sense, constitutes
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• Setting properties for each cla
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3.5. Defining properties for classe
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McCarthy W.E. (1982), “The REA ac
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1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This attemp
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novelty, the difference resides in
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comes with unlimited scalability at
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the main reason to embrace Enterpri
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• A large multinational company p
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fluctuating demands, and cost savin
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development, taking advantage of th
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The adoption of the new software di
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NON-TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN ADOPTIN
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• The virtualization techniques a
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identification of compliance reques
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overloaded. In such situations, ins
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alternative, able to significantly
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or reliability issues. As the cloud
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CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE OR
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Data breaches is in the forefront o
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Enterprise Governance is a relative
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These four domains are interrelated
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3.2 Oracle database audit steps Thr
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• Export files The auditor should
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• Access and authorization All us
Page 302 and 303: REFERENCES Al Marcella (2006) IT Au
Page 304 and 305: USE OF FINANCIAL SECURITIES IN THE
Page 306 and 307: etween the listing of accounting un
Page 308 and 309: within the latter becomes possible
Page 310 and 311: Price/Earnings ratio model is a ver
Page 312 and 313: Bills of exchange and checks repres
Page 314 and 315: Pirchegger (2006) is concerned with
Page 316 and 317: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is one
Page 318 and 319: THE FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND THE DY
Page 320 and 321: The financial engineering represent
Page 322 and 323: characteristics: form (capital mark
Page 324 and 325: Compared with the ETFs, the options
Page 326 and 327: Graph 1. The evolution of ETFs at g
Page 328 and 329: 5.5 billion $, the most important f
Page 330 and 331: Figure 1. Mainstream View of Global
Page 332 and 333: seams to intensify the pessimism of
Page 334 and 335: Marshall, J. & Bansal, V. (2004) Fi
Page 336 and 337: selection had the strongest impact
Page 338 and 339: n+ 1 m ∑ri X i + ∑R j z j = ∑
Page 340 and 341: 2. FUZZY MIXED SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
Page 342 and 343: Figure 4. The membership function f
Page 344 and 345: We already have the values of f M a
Page 346 and 347: CONCLUSIONS We can conclude by show
Page 348 and 349: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DESCRIPTORS I
Page 350 and 351: � Leverage (GI) - reflect the tot
Page 354 and 355: Analyzing these results shows that
Page 356 and 357: In the short portfolios case only t
Page 358 and 359: APPENDIX 1 Issuing companies from t
Page 364 and 365: Issuers Reverse of the historical v
Page 370 and 371: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: EU
Page 372 and 373: Similarly, Stewart (1997) considers
Page 374 and 375: In a manner similar to prior resear
Page 376 and 377: information related to their intang
Page 378 and 379: As shown in Figure 3, within extern
Page 380 and 381: Bontis, N. (1998). “Intellectual
Page 382 and 383: this capital, which contains non-fi
Page 384 and 385: external capital (the customers - c
Page 386 and 387: The image of the company Supply and
Page 388 and 389: Infrastructure assets (corporate cu
Page 390 and 391: Table 2. The analyzed elements of i
Page 392 and 393: • as for the human capital, four
Page 394 and 395: APPENDIX 1 The analyzed entities En
Page 396 and 397: DETERMINANTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITA
Page 398 and 399: from the work performed by a panel
Page 400 and 401: Garcia-Meca et al. (2005) used univ
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comprehensive in some industries, s
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eliable data, a rigorous and transp
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textile/clothing, and tourism/leisu
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External (customer/relational) capi
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This output shows for each of the 4
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ICD_Index Equal variances assumed E
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hypothesis H3 and thus we can state
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Lang, M. and Lundholm, R. (1993)
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IMPACTS AND CHANGES IN THE ACCOUNTI
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the IAS adoption caused fundamental
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policies, we examined the net incom
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policy was established by the recog
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Table 2. IAS under examination, ten
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as tangible assets and their subseq
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Rahman, A., Perera, H. and Ganesh,
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PS10 Performance management Chairpe
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• comparative analysis between co
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investment in infrastructure, once
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Romtelecom has undergone a major tr
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LRIC models provide cost orientatio
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are primarily used for performance
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Dnes, A. (1995), “Post-privatizat
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considered under a different statem
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• The need to simulate efficient
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We considered this as well, by usin
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Aspect Focus Systems Development A
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Tabel 3. Internal process design Me
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the manager with the actual figures
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***http://www.isaca.org - IASCA sit
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The concept of sustainable developm
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Managers need to know all about the
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Table 3 Cumulative number of batche
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From another point of view, indicat
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Code has been modified through Law
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Another reason for termination of a
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and legal authorisations expired. H
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interdiction of dismissal can be ex
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Though dismissal due to professiona
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The rules regarding the collective
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If, on the contrary, the flexibilit
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PS11 Management information systems
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governments. The primary values of
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� with legacy applications- who n
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strategies behind the deployment of
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• iKP (Internet Keyed Payments Pr
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• Many alternative protocol paths
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specific problems are associated wi
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Boping, Z. & Shiyu, S., (2009), ”
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ehavior - meaning how to act over t
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Structuring the educational content
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pedagogical object is annotated usi
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associative). This aspect is repres
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Integration of ontologies Figure 5.
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Language) and an extension of RDF a
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Reviewing some relevant papers (Isf
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Figure 10. Ontology for detailing t
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Pernin, J.P. (2004) LOM, SCORM et I
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these documents are still difficult
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Figure 2. Framework for semantic an
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Figure 4. Semantic annotation using
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• It should verify the credential
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Each skill from the job offer ( ) i
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3.2. IT competency ontologies withi
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10. Computer network administrator
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items were required, such as ”Wor
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Hernandez, N. (2005), “Ontologies
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The current limitations in the qual
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The assurance of Business Intellige
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In the case study mentioned at tier
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improve performance. The ability to
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One key benefit to our system is th
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Grossmann Wilfried (2010), “A Con
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CORPORATE VALUES, THE COMPANIES’
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1.2. The Lack of Trust or the Crisi
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an impact on the individual behavio
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By making their corporate values pu
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The second situation appears when t
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geographical area. Regarding the fi
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sector ranked by market capitalizat
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ehaviour. Only few managers will ad
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Table 5. The value system of the Fr
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Anon, (2002b). “Most executives s
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HOW CAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MITIGA
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Studies on frauds have emphasized t
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environmental or situational factor
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and later in the documentation phas
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Knowing the factors that contribute
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• Have audit committee members pa
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� strengthen regulations as for e
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REFERENCES AICPA (2005) Management
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created by the new technology, by t
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Figure 2. Connection between compan
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The companies that meet the positiv
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employed, their families would lack
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Phishing. There are numerous traps
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competence and doesn’t understand
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES: AN
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• Executive directors should be a
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The corporate governance system in
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set out by the OECD in a general ma
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• 32% of the companies (21 out of
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Period Emerging economies and corpo
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• Customers: Most stakeholder mod
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and The Remuneration Committee cons
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CONCLUSIONS Starting from transpare
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Richard, B. and Miellet, D. (2002),
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IMPACT OF FUNDED STATUS OF PENSIONS
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wage level, national average earnin
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foreign currency in reserve currenc
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THE IMPACT OF UNREALISED FOREIGN EX
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y the foreign exchange differences
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However, the entity has not conduct
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What means "fictitious or non-distr
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difficult economic situation at gen
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VALUE RELEVANCE OF CONSOLIDATED VER
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market value relevance studies (Hel
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capital market as a whole, since th
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Share prices for the sampled observ
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Hypothesis 2: The value relevance o
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In order to test if an eventual rel
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Table 5. Correlation matrix of vari
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Table 7. Empirical results for regr
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Figure 2. Evolution of value releva
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(Francis, 1986: 394). We consider t
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Niskanen, J., Kinnunen, J. and Kasa
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must be able to accurately demonstr
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Market surveys show that the main p
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party, with only one condition: tha
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accounting activity. Also, professi
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Page 662 and 663:
Due to these changes in the economy
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to the computer system, the acquisi
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The importance of IT Risk and Compl
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Factor - objective The Customer (In
Page 670 and 671:
The security requirements for cloud
Page 672 and 673:
Figure 5. General framework for inf
Page 674 and 675:
ISMS Process (Source: Applying ISO
Page 676 and 677:
greater confidence in the organizat
Page 678 and 679:
Băbeanu D, (2008), Information str
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A TEST OF DIFFERENT MODELS FOR THE
Page 682 and 683:
2003; Braga et al., 2007). For a re
Page 684 and 685:
Where Y is the software effort, x i
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means that multiplying inputs x and
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The Desharnais dataset contains ele
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very far away from the predicted va
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Braga, P.L, Oliveira, A.L.I, Ribeir
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Sayyad Shirabad, J. and Menzies, T.
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First, during the development cycle
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If it’s calculated: Δk = CSIk -
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For emerging organizations, among t
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which connects is audited and the r
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THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM
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1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Tendencie
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included in the category of develop
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It was interesting to discover whic
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2.2 Why are web-based applications
Page 714 and 715:
Figure 1. Web based accounting arch
Page 716 and 717:
From this module data are translate
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Table 2. The relation between the l
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Groza C., Briciu S., Cordos A.M, (2
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present the information, but is dif
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The second step was to establish th
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Academic Journals Total 5 Computer
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Table 4. Articles that mention XBRL
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and Kogan, 2010; Debreceny et al.,
Page 732 and 733:
Hou, X., Hu. G, Ma, L., Liu, T., Pa
Page 734 and 735:
15, 2009 on, the largest companies
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common base taxonomies like an IFRS
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Increasing comparability Improving
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3. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DISCUSSION
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(1982) found no link between profit
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Table 1. Overview of Sample firms N
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information covers 40 items, non-fi
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No. Firms Overall Disclosures XBRL
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Table 4. Sample Characteristics Var
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Table 7. Model summaries for overal
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(Healy and Palepu 2001). Finally, t
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Gray, S., Meek, G. and Roberts, C.
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Trabelsi, S., Labelle, R. and Lauri
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OBLIGATION OR OPPORTUNITY FOR DRAWI
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IFRS for SMEs provides that, beside
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financial statements. We assume tha
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statements. The group of subjects w
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statements before, the questionnair
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Popa M. (2006), “Elemente sinteti
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INTRODUCTION The preparation of a s
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should also affect the recognition
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consolidated accounting remained in
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accounting regulations, for small a
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The standard published by IASB, in
Page 782 and 783:
Chart 4. Q7 Responses Nevertheless,
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After processing the collected data
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(turnover, average number of employ
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ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
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literally several provisions of the
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treatments. For instance, the share
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however to be enlarged upon and als
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4.5. Separate evaluation of assets
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Moreover, the legal documents suppo
Page 800 and 801:
(Slemrod and Blumenthal, 1996). In
Page 802 and 803:
D’Ascenzo, Michael; England, Andr
Page 804 and 805:
Walker, D. I. (2007), „Financial
Page 806 and 807:
FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL
Page 808 and 809:
companies, we found a statistical s
Page 810 and 811:
The “free cash flow” term is th
Page 812 and 813:
investments are "lumpy" and positiv
Page 814 and 815:
estructuring process of the compani
Page 816 and 817:
For the analysis model between the
Page 818 and 819:
Table 4. Relationship between FL, T
Page 820 and 821:
CONCLUSIONS There is no universal t
Page 822 and 823:
IMPACT OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECI
Page 824 and 825:
1. PRESENTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC P
Page 826 and 827:
The equation shows that maintaining
Page 828 and 829:
or expense. expense. ( * 100) N < (
Page 830 and 831:
As we mentioned in the previous sub
Page 832 and 833:
maintain the quality of the operati
Page 834 and 835:
INCLUDING BEHAVIOURAL ELEMENTS IN A
Page 836 and 837:
� the strong form - all informati
Page 838 and 839:
Cognitive biases (Moderate) 3. COGN
Page 840 and 841:
method with the next results: ancho
Page 842 and 843:
3.7. Cognitive dissonance bias When
Page 844 and 845:
versus development potential. The t
Page 846 and 847:
This bias could determine the inves
Page 848 and 849:
5.2. Anchoring bias You bought two
Page 850 and 851:
• I am looking at the returns but
Page 852 and 853:
• Even if I am very satisfied wit
Page 854 and 855:
60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 856 and 857:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main
Page 858 and 859:
Hirshleifer, D., Hou, K S., Teoh, H
Page 860 and 861:
Sinha, G. (2005) „Training the br
Page 862 and 863:
ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PER
Page 864 and 865:
1. ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
Page 866 and 867:
principles class. A more particular
Page 868 and 869:
As previously mentioned, the questi
Page 870 and 871:
After developing the two methodolog
Page 872 and 873:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 874 and 875:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 876 and 877:
etween the two calculated means to
Page 878 and 879:
Cluster analysis being performed wi
Page 880 and 881:
Mcduffie, S. and Smith, L.M (2006),
Page 882 and 883:
Nobes and Parker (2008) argue that
Page 884 and 885:
• The creation of a hierarchy of
Page 886 and 887:
demanders of that education” (Ame
Page 888 and 889:
The results of chi-square test appl
Page 890 and 891:
ecommended by IES 2 (Content Progra
Page 892 and 893:
REFERENCES The Academy of Economic
Page 894 and 895:
naturally succeed on the organizati
Page 896 and 897:
negotiation table, where they are t
Page 898 and 899:
It is relatively easy to observe th
Page 900 and 901:
Carr, C., (1990) Front-line Custome
Page 902 and 903:
Figure 1. Social networking became
Page 904 and 905:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW Formerly desig
Page 906 and 907:
The base concept for Twitter is to
Page 908 and 909:
2. STUDY METHODOLOGY Lee and McLoug
Page 910 and 911:
Figure 7. Structure of the survey p
Page 912 and 913:
Figure 10. Frequency of access (ema
Page 914 and 915:
have to be better trained to protec
Page 916 and 917:
ANNEX 1 Questionnaire on the impact
Page 918 and 919:
The first works in Romanian, in the
Page 920 and 921:
However, after 10 years, the Transy
Page 922 and 923:
century when the economic life star
Page 924 and 925:
first accounting manual written in
Page 926 and 927:
category, and those of owners equit
Page 928 and 929:
Cluj, also called College, was orga
Page 930 and 931:
� the political influence and the
Page 932 and 933:
Jinga, 1943:1). During its 14 years
Page 934 and 935:
The accounting literature is rich a
Page 936 and 937:
4.2.2. Influence of European practi
Page 938 and 939:
Due to the foundation of the Academ
Page 940 and 941:
PS19 Financial markets Chairperson
Page 942 and 943:
attempt to predict future prices, n
Page 944 and 945:
In the context of IFRS adoption, th
Page 946 and 947:
Advisory Group (FCAG) which compris
Page 948 and 949:
milestones that, if achieved, may l
Page 950 and 951:
250 Japanese companies are listed o
Page 952 and 953:
Graphic 1. Recent evolutions of DJI
Page 954 and 955:
1 ˆ μ = T T ∑ i= 1 2 σ Tq and
Page 956 and 957:
p values are computed directly from
Page 958 and 959:
Cheung, K.C. and Coutts, J.A. (2001
Page 960 and 961:
PROPERTIES OF ANALYSTS’ FORECASTS
Page 962 and 963:
Several recent papers have showed t
Page 964 and 965:
Observations Minimum Maximum Mean S
Page 966 and 967:
Olimid. L., Ionaşcu M., Popescu L.
Page 968 and 969:
� recognizing expenses in three p
Page 970 and 971:
This study is structured in the fol
Page 972 and 973:
eassessment, it is easily to make i
Page 974 and 975:
only 9 companies have written out t
Page 976 and 977:
• for calculation correlation deg
Page 978 and 979:
Figure 1.The distribution of financ
Page 980 and 981:
The 2 β coefficient in the formula
Page 982 and 983:
Entities nomber Table 3. Difference
Page 984 and 985:
coefficient, for both the correlati
Page 986 and 987:
COMPANY NAME Balance sheet date Sto
Page 988 and 989:
ANNEX 3 (amounts in pounds or centi
Page 990 and 991:
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SOCIAL AND ENV
Page 992 and 993:
equirements with their implementati
Page 994 and 995:
are motivated by national environme
Page 996 and 997:
We created a database containing in
Page 998 and 999:
process to implement at an extended
Page 1000 and 1001:
We noticed that an important percen
Page 1002 and 1003:
CSR sections in the annual report i
Page 1004 and 1005:
CONCLUSIONS The qualitative aspects
Page 1006 and 1007:
Lungu, C.I., Caraiani, C., Dascalu,
Page 1008 and 1009:
into new territories, destruction c
Page 1010 and 1011:
Attempts by economists to describe
Page 1012 and 1013:
essential to establish a monotony p
Page 1014 and 1015:
There is an observable prevalence o
Page 1016 and 1017:
source and detect the sensor, givin
Page 1018 and 1019:
stimulating system is manifesting,
Page 1020 and 1021:
Decision-maker = Organized actions/
Page 1022 and 1023:
Cline, W. R. (1992) The Economics o
Page 1024 and 1025:
Vogtländer, J.,(2010) LCA-based as
Page 1026 and 1027:
1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN ROMA
Page 1028 and 1029:
H5: The financial performance of en
Page 1030 and 1031:
No. Environmental information detai
Page 1032 and 1033:
environmental reporting than the en
Page 1034 and 1035:
It can be thus concluded, that the
Page 1036 and 1037:
CONCLUSIONS The level of environmen
Page 1038 and 1039:
Gamble, G.O., Hsu, K., Kite, D. and
Page 1040 and 1041:
APPENDIX 1 Description of the varia
Page 1042 and 1043:
Compa 1 1 2 77 301563792 1860 1 2 2
Page 1044 and 1045:
greater attachment to the area amon
Page 1046 and 1047:
process of the compartment the info
Page 1048 and 1049:
Figure 2. Table of the allocation o
Page 1050 and 1051:
eallocation of the resources needed
Page 1052 and 1053:
• point d), Non distributable val
Page 1054 and 1055:
where: • IVCRSPam(t;s) = Intangib
Page 1056 and 1057:
The same reflection concerns the en
Page 1058 and 1059:
the function to compensate possible
Page 1060 and 1061:
Giovanelli, F. and Di Bella, I. and
Page 1062 and 1063:
THE IMPACT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVEL
Page 1064 and 1065:
too small, the revenues and, as a c
Page 1066 and 1067:
the customers might refuse to pay o
Page 1068 and 1069:
Among other financing sources, we c
Page 1070 and 1071:
time, a rising fuel price will also
Page 1072 and 1073:
Subsidies are granted in order to p
Page 1074 and 1075:
energy comes to complete the conven
Page 1076 and 1077:
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
Page 1078 and 1079:
Forum and Joint Research Centre of
Page 1080 and 1081:
institutions show that investors te
Page 1082 and 1083:
Minimum of 39.1 to a Maximum of 95.
Page 1084 and 1085:
EPI 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Figure
Page 1086 and 1087:
The determination rapport (R-square
Page 1088 and 1089:
Environmental challenges come in ma
Page 1090 and 1091:
Page 1092 and 1093:
1. INFORMATION The information assu
Page 1094 and 1095:
2.1. The benefits of information
Page 1096 and 1097:
2.3. How line managers use informat
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 2. CATWOE illustration of in
Page 1100 and 1101:
We can assume that the problems enu
Page 1102 and 1103:
time deliveries between each link o
Page 1104 and 1105:
• Reliability and safety. Paralle
Page 1106 and 1107:
From the customer perspective an ER
Page 1108 and 1109:
There are two methodologies for imp
Page 1110 and 1111:
Hotăran, I. & Horga, G. (2010) “
Page 1112 and 1113:
database vendors, is mainly about d
Page 1114 and 1115:
• The first is the business aspec
Page 1116 and 1117:
of it, to dig out meaningful relati
Page 1118 and 1119:
Traditional analytical tools claim
Page 1120 and 1121:
2.1 Analytics get more embedded int
Page 1122 and 1123:
The most spread analytical tools fo
Page 1124 and 1125:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Data con
Page 1126 and 1127:
PS22 Management accounting Chairper
Page 1128 and 1129:
in traditional management accountin
Page 1130 and 1131:
in order to fulfil the needs of cen
Page 1132 and 1133:
Very similar research had been perf
Page 1134 and 1135:
Brierley, J.A., Cowton, C.J., Drury
Page 1136 and 1137:
THE ROLE OF COSTS AND CONTROL IN EN
Page 1138 and 1139:
Performance optimization is transla
Page 1140 and 1141:
6. The value adding chain must assu
Page 1142 and 1143:
This is why the size of the target
Page 1144 and 1145:
To establish: 1. target cost and es
Page 1146 and 1147:
When the business opportunities are
Page 1148 and 1149:
an increase in profit equal to the
Page 1150 and 1151:
THE CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Page 1152 and 1153:
1. THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGE IN THE MA
Page 1154 and 1155:
manner in which the speech is desig
Page 1156 and 1157:
published in Romanian journals. The
Page 1158 and 1159:
published on a particular segment,
Page 1160 and 1161:
2003; GCF, 2003; AMIS), target cost
Page 1162 and 1163:
Risk management 3 2 2.86 2 25 Inter
Page 1164 and 1165:
From the research methodology point
Page 1166 and 1167:
Glăvan, M., Brăescu (Dumitru), M.
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