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• as for the human capital, four of the Romanian participating entities offered no information whatsoever for this topic. The most frequently reported element and the closest to human resource was the one regarding the number of employees, while the rest of annual reports were divided between the knowledge of human capital, competences thereof and the employees training. CONCLUSIONS In this paper we aimed to achieve the proposed objective, to present an accurate image of what intellectual capital represents for Romanian listed entities. In order to achieve the purpose of our study, we have made a content analysis, of annual reports of entities listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchanges, wherein we have monitored the three dimensions of the intellectual capital conceptual framework (internal capital, external capital and human capital) together with the related subcategories, using a modified version of Sveiby’s model. As a result of the study, we draw the conclusion that the treatment for intellectual capital framework in Romania is in an initial stage. Most Romanian entities handle this matter with indifference, reporting only certain information in connection to this subject, yet without creating an individual framework of reporting. Results obtained indicated that the national context is similar to the international context because there is no reporting framework for intellectual capital. Romanian listed entities do not have an agreed framework for preparing reports concerning the intellectual capital; most information related to intellectual capital has been presented in a discursive mode and not under monetary terms. During future research, we will consider the analysis of annual reports for a longer period of time, with a larger sample of listed entities on the national capital market or international capital market. For the time being, the limitation of the study is given by the relatively small population of entities participating to the analysis. Also, during future research we will have in view more elements of intellectual capital for the purpose of increasing the relevance of study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by CNMP, project number 92-085/2008. The project is entitled “Developing a functional model for optimizing the national strategy regarding financial reporting within Romanian private sector entities”. REFERENCES Amir, E. & Lev, B. (1996) “Value-relevance of non-financial information: the wireless communications industry”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, August-December: 3-30 Bozzolan, S., Favotto, F. & Ricceri, F. (2003) “Italian annual intellectual capital disclosure: an empirical analysis”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 4, no. 4: 543-558 Bontis, N. (2001) "Assessing knowledge assets: A review of the models used to measure intellectual capital", International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 3, no.1: 41-60 ~ 391 ~
Bontis, N. (1999) "Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: Framing and advancing the state of the field", International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 18, no.5-8: 433-62 Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M.S. (1997) Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower, HarperCollins, New York, NY Guthrie, J. & Petty, R. (2000) “Intellectual capital: Australian annual reporting practices”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 1, no. 3: 241-51 Ittner C. (2008) „Does measuring intangibles for management purposes improve performance? A review of the evidence”, Accounting and Business Research, vol. 38, no. 3: 261-272 Brennan, N. (2001) “Reporting Intellectual Capital in Annual Reports: Evidence from Ireland”, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 14, no. 4: 423-436 Olsson, B. (2001) “Annual reporting practices: information about human resources in corporate annual reports in major Swedish companies”, Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, vol. 6, no. 1: 39-52 Bontis, N. (2000) “Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital”, working paper, McMaster University, Hamilton O’Reagan, P., O’Donnell, D., Kennedy, T., Bontis, N. & Cleary, P. (2001) “Perceptions of Intellectual Capital: Irish Evidence”, paper submitted to: Birgitta Olsson, Editor, Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, Personnel Economics Institute, School of Business, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Guthrie, J., Petty, R. & Ricceri, F. (2006) “The voluntary reporting of intellectual capital: comparing evidence from Hong Kong and Australia”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 7, no. 2: 254-71 Guthrie, J., Petty, R., Ferrier, F. & Wells, R. (1999) "There is no accounting for intellectual capital in Australia: review of annual reporting practices and the internal measurement of intangibles within Australian organizations", International Symposium - Measuring and reporting intellectual capital: experience, issues and prospects, June: 9-10 ~ 392 ~
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THE BUCHAREST ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC S
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CONTENTS Preface PS1 Auditing Chair
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ENTERPRISE 2.0 - IS THE MARKET READ
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SEMANTIC ANNOTATION AND ASSOCIATION
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ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
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EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
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She is the Accounting Department Ed
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AUDIT COMMITTEES AS INCREASING VECT
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took into account the essential rol
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independence, competence, professio
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shareholders as companies’ owners
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expertise which could control the m
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information asymmetry. According to
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indicators reducing audit quality),
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This study reflects my own opinion
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Malone, C.F. & Roberts, R.W. (1996)
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findings. As the audit process is a
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(Weber et al., 2002) present a psyc
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2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The researc
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isk behaviour using the SPSS statis
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conclusion of this study, that age
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APPENDIX 1 The research questionnai
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THE INVESTIGATION OF ROMANIAN AUDIT
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1. ROLE AND PRACTICES OF INTERNAL A
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• Internal audit assist the board
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But there are only few papers that
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14. Internal audit should discussed
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have its place in the repertoire of
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11 Internal audit assists board/aud
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16 Internal audit is preoccupied by
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Chief of internal audit department
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Based on the above tables, we propo
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the answers and resending some foll
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Sarens G (2009) „Internal auditin
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PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE FROM THE
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integrating social responsibility i
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Administration, the Ministries, oth
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The research points out that there
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odies disclose information on the s
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On one hand, it helps them to build
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Steps Description Implement CSR com
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Gjølberg, M. (2009) „Measuring t
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ANNEX 1 Disclosures on social respo
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Country Name of Institution Finland
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Country Name of Institution The The
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IMPROVEMENT IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AN
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1.2. Improved accounting system (H1
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Shields and Shields (1998) have rev
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Flamholtz (1983) argues that accoun
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2. VARIABLE MEASUREMENT For variabl
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To analyse the data, Structural Equ
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eliable. Of all indices in Table 2
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e10 e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 Figu
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION By lookin
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of SEM as the main data analysing p
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Cooper, R. (1995). When lean enterp
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Modell, S., Lee, A., Tjenesteproduk
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a centrally planned economy era and
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are used and respected by the major
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Financial control Figure 1. Managem
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Table 2. The evolution of the defin
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Poland, a different solution has be
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continuous quality improvement by s
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• has full legal capacity and mak
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and metrics to measure efficiency.
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Currently, internal audit is becomi
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BOUNDRIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTAT
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including the credit institutions a
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What are the coordinates of this na
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• improving the quality of inform
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the parent companies prepare the co
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statements and the audit report, it
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The Insurance Supervisory Commissio
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eform went ahead the economy reform
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PS3 Financial analysis I Chairperso
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to-unit root properties. Thus, ther
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we use the “Windmeijer correction
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2.2. Results Our preliminary evalua
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M1 and M2 are tests for first-order
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Goyal A., Welch I., (2003) „Predi
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' ∑ = LΛL ( a.4. ) Here L is the
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Among these categories, the first i
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Authors Main tested method Sample c
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pay more attention to accurately cl
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whose total assets were below 100K
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Step 6: An algorithm based on multi
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called knots, nodes or breakdown po
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RMSECV = n ∑ i= 1 ( y − yˆ ) i
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the whole database and performed fi
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Bank for International Settlements
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Martikainen, T., Perttunen, J., Yli
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THE RELEVANCE OF COMPANY EVALUATION
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qualitative data, present in the co
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Although financial theory criticize
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isk (one characterized by the insol
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Table 3. List of the companies in t
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each of the three variables: 1 - lo
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Table 4. Coefficients of the classi
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a total error for the case when thi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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FINANCIAL RISK ANALYSIS AT THE STOC
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society we live in. Additionally, r
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loans of the banking system, they m
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Graph 1. CLF evolutions during 2005
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The times we are living require the
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BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PREPARING IFR
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1.2. Paper’s aim and contribution
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� introduction of basic principle
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• the consistency of adjustments
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� all-in-one solution, when entit
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• Voluntary application of the IF
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other sophisticated systems are use
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Certainly Rather yes Rather not Cer
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classified as investments in associ
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PS5 Fair value Chairperson Mihaela
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1. BACKGROUND The main objective of
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transactions involving identical or
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and the representative body which t
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market data (see paragraphs 36 and
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The most advantageous market is the
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Question 10 With the sixth question
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proposed guidance does not sufficie
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% 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,
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the criticisms and suggestions, the
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AN ENTERPRISE ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
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example, in this sense, constitutes
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• Setting properties for each cla
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3.5. Defining properties for classe
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McCarthy W.E. (1982), “The REA ac
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1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This attemp
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novelty, the difference resides in
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comes with unlimited scalability at
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the main reason to embrace Enterpri
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• A large multinational company p
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fluctuating demands, and cost savin
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development, taking advantage of th
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The adoption of the new software di
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NON-TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN ADOPTIN
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• The virtualization techniques a
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identification of compliance reques
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overloaded. In such situations, ins
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alternative, able to significantly
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or reliability issues. As the cloud
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CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE OR
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Data breaches is in the forefront o
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Enterprise Governance is a relative
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These four domains are interrelated
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3.2 Oracle database audit steps Thr
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• Export files The auditor should
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• Access and authorization All us
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REFERENCES Al Marcella (2006) IT Au
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USE OF FINANCIAL SECURITIES IN THE
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etween the listing of accounting un
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within the latter becomes possible
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Price/Earnings ratio model is a ver
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Bills of exchange and checks repres
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Pirchegger (2006) is concerned with
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is one
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THE FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND THE DY
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The financial engineering represent
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characteristics: form (capital mark
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Compared with the ETFs, the options
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Graph 1. The evolution of ETFs at g
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5.5 billion $, the most important f
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Figure 1. Mainstream View of Global
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seams to intensify the pessimism of
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Marshall, J. & Bansal, V. (2004) Fi
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selection had the strongest impact
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n+ 1 m ∑ri X i + ∑R j z j = ∑
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2. FUZZY MIXED SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
Page 342 and 343: Figure 4. The membership function f
Page 344 and 345: We already have the values of f M a
Page 346 and 347: CONCLUSIONS We can conclude by show
Page 348 and 349: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DESCRIPTORS I
Page 350 and 351: � Leverage (GI) - reflect the tot
Page 352 and 353: each unit of risk. It is calculated
Page 354 and 355: Analyzing these results shows that
Page 356 and 357: In the short portfolios case only t
Page 358 and 359: APPENDIX 1 Issuing companies from t
Page 364 and 365: Issuers Reverse of the historical v
Page 370 and 371: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: EU
Page 372 and 373: Similarly, Stewart (1997) considers
Page 374 and 375: In a manner similar to prior resear
Page 376 and 377: information related to their intang
Page 378 and 379: As shown in Figure 3, within extern
Page 380 and 381: Bontis, N. (1998). “Intellectual
Page 382 and 383: this capital, which contains non-fi
Page 384 and 385: external capital (the customers - c
Page 386 and 387: The image of the company Supply and
Page 388 and 389: Infrastructure assets (corporate cu
Page 390 and 391: Table 2. The analyzed elements of i
Page 394 and 395: APPENDIX 1 The analyzed entities En
Page 396 and 397: DETERMINANTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITA
Page 398 and 399: from the work performed by a panel
Page 400 and 401: Garcia-Meca et al. (2005) used univ
Page 402 and 403: comprehensive in some industries, s
Page 404 and 405: eliable data, a rigorous and transp
Page 406 and 407: textile/clothing, and tourism/leisu
Page 408 and 409: External (customer/relational) capi
Page 410 and 411: This output shows for each of the 4
Page 412 and 413: ICD_Index Equal variances assumed E
Page 414 and 415: hypothesis H3 and thus we can state
Page 416 and 417: Lang, M. and Lundholm, R. (1993)
Page 418 and 419: IMPACTS AND CHANGES IN THE ACCOUNTI
Page 420 and 421: the IAS adoption caused fundamental
Page 422 and 423: policies, we examined the net incom
Page 424 and 425: policy was established by the recog
Page 426 and 427: Table 2. IAS under examination, ten
Page 428 and 429: as tangible assets and their subseq
Page 430 and 431: Rahman, A., Perera, H. and Ganesh,
Page 432 and 433: PS10 Performance management Chairpe
Page 434 and 435: • comparative analysis between co
Page 436 and 437: investment in infrastructure, once
Page 438 and 439: Romtelecom has undergone a major tr
Page 440 and 441: LRIC models provide cost orientatio
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are primarily used for performance
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Dnes, A. (1995), “Post-privatizat
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considered under a different statem
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• The need to simulate efficient
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We considered this as well, by usin
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Aspect Focus Systems Development A
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Tabel 3. Internal process design Me
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the manager with the actual figures
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***http://www.isaca.org - IASCA sit
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The concept of sustainable developm
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Managers need to know all about the
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Table 3 Cumulative number of batche
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From another point of view, indicat
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Code has been modified through Law
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Another reason for termination of a
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and legal authorisations expired. H
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interdiction of dismissal can be ex
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Though dismissal due to professiona
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The rules regarding the collective
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If, on the contrary, the flexibilit
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PS11 Management information systems
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governments. The primary values of
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� with legacy applications- who n
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strategies behind the deployment of
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• iKP (Internet Keyed Payments Pr
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• Many alternative protocol paths
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specific problems are associated wi
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Boping, Z. & Shiyu, S., (2009), ”
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ehavior - meaning how to act over t
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Structuring the educational content
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pedagogical object is annotated usi
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associative). This aspect is repres
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Integration of ontologies Figure 5.
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Language) and an extension of RDF a
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Reviewing some relevant papers (Isf
Page 512 and 513:
Figure 10. Ontology for detailing t
Page 514 and 515:
Pernin, J.P. (2004) LOM, SCORM et I
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these documents are still difficult
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Figure 2. Framework for semantic an
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Figure 4. Semantic annotation using
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• It should verify the credential
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Each skill from the job offer ( ) i
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3.2. IT competency ontologies withi
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10. Computer network administrator
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items were required, such as ”Wor
Page 532 and 533:
Hernandez, N. (2005), “Ontologies
Page 534 and 535:
The current limitations in the qual
Page 536 and 537:
The assurance of Business Intellige
Page 538 and 539:
In the case study mentioned at tier
Page 540 and 541:
improve performance. The ability to
Page 542 and 543:
One key benefit to our system is th
Page 544 and 545:
Grossmann Wilfried (2010), “A Con
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CORPORATE VALUES, THE COMPANIES’
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1.2. The Lack of Trust or the Crisi
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an impact on the individual behavio
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By making their corporate values pu
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The second situation appears when t
Page 556 and 557:
geographical area. Regarding the fi
Page 558 and 559:
sector ranked by market capitalizat
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ehaviour. Only few managers will ad
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Table 5. The value system of the Fr
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Anon, (2002b). “Most executives s
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HOW CAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MITIGA
Page 568 and 569:
Studies on frauds have emphasized t
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environmental or situational factor
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and later in the documentation phas
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Knowing the factors that contribute
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• Have audit committee members pa
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� strengthen regulations as for e
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REFERENCES AICPA (2005) Management
Page 582 and 583:
created by the new technology, by t
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Figure 2. Connection between compan
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The companies that meet the positiv
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employed, their families would lack
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Phishing. There are numerous traps
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competence and doesn’t understand
Page 594 and 595:
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES: AN
Page 596 and 597:
• Executive directors should be a
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The corporate governance system in
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set out by the OECD in a general ma
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• 32% of the companies (21 out of
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Period Emerging economies and corpo
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• Customers: Most stakeholder mod
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and The Remuneration Committee cons
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CONCLUSIONS Starting from transpare
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Richard, B. and Miellet, D. (2002),
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IMPACT OF FUNDED STATUS OF PENSIONS
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wage level, national average earnin
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foreign currency in reserve currenc
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THE IMPACT OF UNREALISED FOREIGN EX
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y the foreign exchange differences
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However, the entity has not conduct
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What means "fictitious or non-distr
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difficult economic situation at gen
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VALUE RELEVANCE OF CONSOLIDATED VER
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market value relevance studies (Hel
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capital market as a whole, since th
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Share prices for the sampled observ
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Hypothesis 2: The value relevance o
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In order to test if an eventual rel
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Table 5. Correlation matrix of vari
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Table 7. Empirical results for regr
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Figure 2. Evolution of value releva
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(Francis, 1986: 394). We consider t
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Niskanen, J., Kinnunen, J. and Kasa
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must be able to accurately demonstr
Page 654 and 655:
Market surveys show that the main p
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party, with only one condition: tha
Page 658 and 659:
accounting activity. Also, professi
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
Due to these changes in the economy
Page 664 and 665:
to the computer system, the acquisi
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The importance of IT Risk and Compl
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Factor - objective The Customer (In
Page 670 and 671:
The security requirements for cloud
Page 672 and 673:
Figure 5. General framework for inf
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ISMS Process (Source: Applying ISO
Page 676 and 677:
greater confidence in the organizat
Page 678 and 679:
Băbeanu D, (2008), Information str
Page 680 and 681:
A TEST OF DIFFERENT MODELS FOR THE
Page 682 and 683:
2003; Braga et al., 2007). For a re
Page 684 and 685:
Where Y is the software effort, x i
Page 686 and 687:
means that multiplying inputs x and
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The Desharnais dataset contains ele
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very far away from the predicted va
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Braga, P.L, Oliveira, A.L.I, Ribeir
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Sayyad Shirabad, J. and Menzies, T.
Page 696 and 697:
First, during the development cycle
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If it’s calculated: Δk = CSIk -
Page 700 and 701:
For emerging organizations, among t
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which connects is audited and the r
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THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM
Page 706 and 707:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Tendencie
Page 708 and 709:
included in the category of develop
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It was interesting to discover whic
Page 712 and 713:
2.2 Why are web-based applications
Page 714 and 715:
Figure 1. Web based accounting arch
Page 716 and 717:
From this module data are translate
Page 718 and 719:
Table 2. The relation between the l
Page 720 and 721:
Groza C., Briciu S., Cordos A.M, (2
Page 722 and 723:
present the information, but is dif
Page 724 and 725:
The second step was to establish th
Page 726 and 727:
Academic Journals Total 5 Computer
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Table 4. Articles that mention XBRL
Page 730 and 731:
and Kogan, 2010; Debreceny et al.,
Page 732 and 733:
Hou, X., Hu. G, Ma, L., Liu, T., Pa
Page 734 and 735:
15, 2009 on, the largest companies
Page 736 and 737:
common base taxonomies like an IFRS
Page 738 and 739:
Increasing comparability Improving
Page 740 and 741:
3. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DISCUSSION
Page 742 and 743:
(1982) found no link between profit
Page 744 and 745:
Table 1. Overview of Sample firms N
Page 746 and 747:
information covers 40 items, non-fi
Page 748 and 749:
No. Firms Overall Disclosures XBRL
Page 750 and 751:
Table 4. Sample Characteristics Var
Page 752 and 753:
Table 7. Model summaries for overal
Page 754 and 755:
(Healy and Palepu 2001). Finally, t
Page 756 and 757:
Gray, S., Meek, G. and Roberts, C.
Page 758 and 759:
Trabelsi, S., Labelle, R. and Lauri
Page 760 and 761:
OBLIGATION OR OPPORTUNITY FOR DRAWI
Page 762 and 763:
IFRS for SMEs provides that, beside
Page 764 and 765:
financial statements. We assume tha
Page 766 and 767:
statements. The group of subjects w
Page 768 and 769:
statements before, the questionnair
Page 770 and 771:
Popa M. (2006), “Elemente sinteti
Page 772 and 773:
INTRODUCTION The preparation of a s
Page 774 and 775:
should also affect the recognition
Page 776 and 777:
consolidated accounting remained in
Page 778 and 779:
accounting regulations, for small a
Page 780 and 781:
The standard published by IASB, in
Page 782 and 783:
Chart 4. Q7 Responses Nevertheless,
Page 784 and 785:
After processing the collected data
Page 786 and 787:
(turnover, average number of employ
Page 788 and 789:
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
Page 790 and 791:
literally several provisions of the
Page 792 and 793:
treatments. For instance, the share
Page 794 and 795:
however to be enlarged upon and als
Page 796 and 797:
4.5. Separate evaluation of assets
Page 798 and 799:
Moreover, the legal documents suppo
Page 800 and 801:
(Slemrod and Blumenthal, 1996). In
Page 802 and 803:
D’Ascenzo, Michael; England, Andr
Page 804 and 805:
Walker, D. I. (2007), „Financial
Page 806 and 807:
FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL
Page 808 and 809:
companies, we found a statistical s
Page 810 and 811:
The “free cash flow” term is th
Page 812 and 813:
investments are "lumpy" and positiv
Page 814 and 815:
estructuring process of the compani
Page 816 and 817:
For the analysis model between the
Page 818 and 819:
Table 4. Relationship between FL, T
Page 820 and 821:
CONCLUSIONS There is no universal t
Page 822 and 823:
IMPACT OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECI
Page 824 and 825:
1. PRESENTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC P
Page 826 and 827:
The equation shows that maintaining
Page 828 and 829:
or expense. expense. ( * 100) N < (
Page 830 and 831:
As we mentioned in the previous sub
Page 832 and 833:
maintain the quality of the operati
Page 834 and 835:
INCLUDING BEHAVIOURAL ELEMENTS IN A
Page 836 and 837:
� the strong form - all informati
Page 838 and 839:
Cognitive biases (Moderate) 3. COGN
Page 840 and 841:
method with the next results: ancho
Page 842 and 843:
3.7. Cognitive dissonance bias When
Page 844 and 845:
versus development potential. The t
Page 846 and 847:
This bias could determine the inves
Page 848 and 849:
5.2. Anchoring bias You bought two
Page 850 and 851:
• I am looking at the returns but
Page 852 and 853:
• Even if I am very satisfied wit
Page 854 and 855:
60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 856 and 857:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main
Page 858 and 859:
Hirshleifer, D., Hou, K S., Teoh, H
Page 860 and 861:
Sinha, G. (2005) „Training the br
Page 862 and 863:
ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PER
Page 864 and 865:
1. ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
Page 866 and 867:
principles class. A more particular
Page 868 and 869:
As previously mentioned, the questi
Page 870 and 871:
After developing the two methodolog
Page 872 and 873:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 874 and 875:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 876 and 877:
etween the two calculated means to
Page 878 and 879:
Cluster analysis being performed wi
Page 880 and 881:
Mcduffie, S. and Smith, L.M (2006),
Page 882 and 883:
Nobes and Parker (2008) argue that
Page 884 and 885:
• The creation of a hierarchy of
Page 886 and 887:
demanders of that education” (Ame
Page 888 and 889:
The results of chi-square test appl
Page 890 and 891:
ecommended by IES 2 (Content Progra
Page 892 and 893:
REFERENCES The Academy of Economic
Page 894 and 895:
naturally succeed on the organizati
Page 896 and 897:
negotiation table, where they are t
Page 898 and 899:
It is relatively easy to observe th
Page 900 and 901:
Carr, C., (1990) Front-line Custome
Page 902 and 903:
Figure 1. Social networking became
Page 904 and 905:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW Formerly desig
Page 906 and 907:
The base concept for Twitter is to
Page 908 and 909:
2. STUDY METHODOLOGY Lee and McLoug
Page 910 and 911:
Figure 7. Structure of the survey p
Page 912 and 913:
Figure 10. Frequency of access (ema
Page 914 and 915:
have to be better trained to protec
Page 916 and 917:
ANNEX 1 Questionnaire on the impact
Page 918 and 919:
The first works in Romanian, in the
Page 920 and 921:
However, after 10 years, the Transy
Page 922 and 923:
century when the economic life star
Page 924 and 925:
first accounting manual written in
Page 926 and 927:
category, and those of owners equit
Page 928 and 929:
Cluj, also called College, was orga
Page 930 and 931:
� the political influence and the
Page 932 and 933:
Jinga, 1943:1). During its 14 years
Page 934 and 935:
The accounting literature is rich a
Page 936 and 937:
4.2.2. Influence of European practi
Page 938 and 939:
Due to the foundation of the Academ
Page 940 and 941:
PS19 Financial markets Chairperson
Page 942 and 943:
attempt to predict future prices, n
Page 944 and 945:
In the context of IFRS adoption, th
Page 946 and 947:
Advisory Group (FCAG) which compris
Page 948 and 949:
milestones that, if achieved, may l
Page 950 and 951:
250 Japanese companies are listed o
Page 952 and 953:
Graphic 1. Recent evolutions of DJI
Page 954 and 955:
1 ˆ μ = T T ∑ i= 1 2 σ Tq and
Page 956 and 957:
p values are computed directly from
Page 958 and 959:
Cheung, K.C. and Coutts, J.A. (2001
Page 960 and 961:
PROPERTIES OF ANALYSTS’ FORECASTS
Page 962 and 963:
Several recent papers have showed t
Page 964 and 965:
Observations Minimum Maximum Mean S
Page 966 and 967:
Olimid. L., Ionaşcu M., Popescu L.
Page 968 and 969:
� recognizing expenses in three p
Page 970 and 971:
This study is structured in the fol
Page 972 and 973:
eassessment, it is easily to make i
Page 974 and 975:
only 9 companies have written out t
Page 976 and 977:
• for calculation correlation deg
Page 978 and 979:
Figure 1.The distribution of financ
Page 980 and 981:
The 2 β coefficient in the formula
Page 982 and 983:
Entities nomber Table 3. Difference
Page 984 and 985:
coefficient, for both the correlati
Page 986 and 987:
COMPANY NAME Balance sheet date Sto
Page 988 and 989:
ANNEX 3 (amounts in pounds or centi
Page 990 and 991:
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SOCIAL AND ENV
Page 992 and 993:
equirements with their implementati
Page 994 and 995:
are motivated by national environme
Page 996 and 997:
We created a database containing in
Page 998 and 999:
process to implement at an extended
Page 1000 and 1001:
We noticed that an important percen
Page 1002 and 1003:
CSR sections in the annual report i
Page 1004 and 1005:
CONCLUSIONS The qualitative aspects
Page 1006 and 1007:
Lungu, C.I., Caraiani, C., Dascalu,
Page 1008 and 1009:
into new territories, destruction c
Page 1010 and 1011:
Attempts by economists to describe
Page 1012 and 1013:
essential to establish a monotony p
Page 1014 and 1015:
There is an observable prevalence o
Page 1016 and 1017:
source and detect the sensor, givin
Page 1018 and 1019:
stimulating system is manifesting,
Page 1020 and 1021:
Decision-maker = Organized actions/
Page 1022 and 1023:
Cline, W. R. (1992) The Economics o
Page 1024 and 1025:
Vogtländer, J.,(2010) LCA-based as
Page 1026 and 1027:
1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN ROMA
Page 1028 and 1029:
H5: The financial performance of en
Page 1030 and 1031:
No. Environmental information detai
Page 1032 and 1033:
environmental reporting than the en
Page 1034 and 1035:
It can be thus concluded, that the
Page 1036 and 1037:
CONCLUSIONS The level of environmen
Page 1038 and 1039:
Gamble, G.O., Hsu, K., Kite, D. and
Page 1040 and 1041:
APPENDIX 1 Description of the varia
Page 1042 and 1043:
Compa 1 1 2 77 301563792 1860 1 2 2
Page 1044 and 1045:
greater attachment to the area amon
Page 1046 and 1047:
process of the compartment the info
Page 1048 and 1049:
Figure 2. Table of the allocation o
Page 1050 and 1051:
eallocation of the resources needed
Page 1052 and 1053:
• point d), Non distributable val
Page 1054 and 1055:
where: • IVCRSPam(t;s) = Intangib
Page 1056 and 1057:
The same reflection concerns the en
Page 1058 and 1059:
the function to compensate possible
Page 1060 and 1061:
Giovanelli, F. and Di Bella, I. and
Page 1062 and 1063:
THE IMPACT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVEL
Page 1064 and 1065:
too small, the revenues and, as a c
Page 1066 and 1067:
the customers might refuse to pay o
Page 1068 and 1069:
Among other financing sources, we c
Page 1070 and 1071:
time, a rising fuel price will also
Page 1072 and 1073:
Subsidies are granted in order to p
Page 1074 and 1075:
energy comes to complete the conven
Page 1076 and 1077:
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
Page 1078 and 1079:
Forum and Joint Research Centre of
Page 1080 and 1081:
institutions show that investors te
Page 1082 and 1083:
Minimum of 39.1 to a Maximum of 95.
Page 1084 and 1085:
EPI 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Figure
Page 1086 and 1087:
The determination rapport (R-square
Page 1088 and 1089:
Environmental challenges come in ma
Page 1090 and 1091:
Page 1092 and 1093:
1. INFORMATION The information assu
Page 1094 and 1095:
2.1. The benefits of information
Page 1096 and 1097:
2.3. How line managers use informat
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 2. CATWOE illustration of in
Page 1100 and 1101:
We can assume that the problems enu
Page 1102 and 1103:
time deliveries between each link o
Page 1104 and 1105:
• Reliability and safety. Paralle
Page 1106 and 1107:
From the customer perspective an ER
Page 1108 and 1109:
There are two methodologies for imp
Page 1110 and 1111:
Hotăran, I. & Horga, G. (2010) “
Page 1112 and 1113:
database vendors, is mainly about d
Page 1114 and 1115:
• The first is the business aspec
Page 1116 and 1117:
of it, to dig out meaningful relati
Page 1118 and 1119:
Traditional analytical tools claim
Page 1120 and 1121:
2.1 Analytics get more embedded int
Page 1122 and 1123:
The most spread analytical tools fo
Page 1124 and 1125:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Data con
Page 1126 and 1127:
PS22 Management accounting Chairper
Page 1128 and 1129:
in traditional management accountin
Page 1130 and 1131:
in order to fulfil the needs of cen
Page 1132 and 1133:
Very similar research had been perf
Page 1134 and 1135:
Brierley, J.A., Cowton, C.J., Drury
Page 1136 and 1137:
THE ROLE OF COSTS AND CONTROL IN EN
Page 1138 and 1139:
Performance optimization is transla
Page 1140 and 1141:
6. The value adding chain must assu
Page 1142 and 1143:
This is why the size of the target
Page 1144 and 1145:
To establish: 1. target cost and es
Page 1146 and 1147:
When the business opportunities are
Page 1148 and 1149:
an increase in profit equal to the
Page 1150 and 1151:
THE CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Page 1152 and 1153:
1. THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGE IN THE MA
Page 1154 and 1155:
manner in which the speech is desig
Page 1156 and 1157:
published in Romanian journals. The
Page 1158 and 1159:
published on a particular segment,
Page 1160 and 1161:
2003; GCF, 2003; AMIS), target cost
Page 1162 and 1163:
Risk management 3 2 2.86 2 25 Inter
Page 1164 and 1165:
From the research methodology point
Page 1166 and 1167:
Glăvan, M., Brăescu (Dumitru), M.
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