Proceedings

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Period Emerging economies and corporate governance codes 2008 Morocco has adopted the first and the last code of CG Slovakia has adopted the second and the last code of CG Hungary has adopted the third and the last code of CG Nigeria has adopted the third and the last code of CG Sri Lanka has adopted the second and the last code of CG 2009 South Africa has adopted the third code of CG India has adopted the fourth and the last code of CG Romania has adopted the second code of CG Brasilia has adopted the fourth and the last code of CG Columbia has adopted the second and the last code of CG 2010 Bahrain has adopted the first and the last code of CG South Africa has adopted the fourth and the last code of CG Mexico has adopted the second and the last code of CG Latvia has adopted the second and the last code of CG 2011 Egypt has adopted the third and the last code of CG According to our study, the situation of the countries with developed economies is different. Their status impose a continuous preoccupation for corporate governance because, unofficial, they give the international tone in terms of applying the principles and code of corporate governance, in being responsible and in updating the codes and rules of corporate governance. We consider relevant a commentary on the situation of issuance of corporate governance codes in 2010. As we can notice, Great Britain remains the most prolific in issuing corporate governance codes, with five updates. United States and Germany are next countries whose preoccupation in terms of corporate governance is obvious, considering the number of codes already issued until 2010 (13). Table 3. Developed economies that have adopted corporate governance codes in 2010 Period Developed economies and corporate governance codes 2010 Australia has adopted the 10 th and the last code of CG Norway has adopted the 6 th and the last code of CG Germania has adopted the 14 th and the last code of CG France has adopted the 9 th and the last code of CG Great Britain has adopted the 27 th , 28 th , 29 th , 30 th , 31 st and the last code of CG USA has adopted the 14 th and the last code of CG Greece has adopted the 3 rd and the last code of CG Ireland has adopted the 3 rd , the 4 th and the last code of CG Portugal has adopted the 8 th and the last code of CG Denmark has adopted the 8 th and the last code of CG Sweden has adopted the 7 th and the last code of CG Next to emerging economies and developed economies, frontier economies, as a subset of emerging economies, do not had preoccupations for corporate governance codes, because their activity is not yet focused on principles of high conduit and behavior. Although, there are some tendencies towards a code of corporate governance, as follows: ~ 603 ~
Table 4. The codes of corporate governance in world’s frontier economies Period Frontier economies and corporate governance codes 2001 Malta has adopted the first code of CG 2002 Cyprus has adopted the first code of CG Kenya has adopted the first and the second (last) code of CG 2003 Cyprus has adopted the second code of CG Ukraine has adopted the first and the last code of CG 2004 Slovenia has adopted the first code of CG 2005 Malta has adopted the second and the third (last) code of CG Slovenia has adopted the second code of CG 2006 Cyprus has adopted the third and the last code of CG 2007 Slovenia has adopted the third code of CG 2008 Serbia has adopted the first and the last code of CG Tunisia has adopted the first and the last code of CG 2009 Croatia has adopted the first and the last code of CG Slovenia has adopted the fourth and the last code of CG 2010 - As we can notice, the codes were issued in the first decade of the 21 st century, and Slovenia was the most prolific in developing and improving a national corporate governance code (four codes), being followed by Cyprus with three codes and Malta with also three codes. 6. THE FAIR TREATMENT PRINCIPLE. THE DIRECTORS’ PERSPECTIVE ON THE SHAREHOLDER-STAKEHOLDER DISPUTE Another approach on the principles of corporate governance is through the principles which were given more importance over time. In our opinion, one is the fair treatment principle, whether it is about stakeholders or shareholders. Directors and manager need to be aware of the interests of stakeholders in corporate governance; however their responsibility towards them is valued and questioned. According to OECD, which presented a condensed list of stakeholders in corporate governance, they include the follows (Frémond, 2000): • Employees: There is widespread agreement that they are a prime stakeholder. Their internal position, their direct role in business development and productivity, the dependence of a company on their knowledge, abilities, and expertise are the main arguments in this direction; • Shareholders: Some would say that shareholders are the first stakeholder, hence the controversy over the main concerns of directors, presented in this paper; • Management: Controversial, but some believe that managers are stakeholders, because they help maintaining and developing company’s capital, establish strategies, based on known data; • Creditors: Creditors’ rights are often protected under contract and backed by collateral so they are seldom treated as “owners” as the shareholders are; • Trade unions: Some argue that this group is redundant with the employee group; ~ 604 ~
Page 2 and 3:
THE BUCHAREST ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC S
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS Preface PS1 Auditing Chair
Page 6 and 7:
ENTERPRISE 2.0 - IS THE MARKET READ
Page 8 and 9:
SEMANTIC ANNOTATION AND ASSOCIATION
Page 10 and 11:
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
Page 12 and 13:
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
Page 14 and 15:
She is the Accounting Department Ed
Page 16 and 17:
AUDIT COMMITTEES AS INCREASING VECT
Page 18 and 19:
took into account the essential rol
Page 20 and 21:
independence, competence, professio
Page 22 and 23:
shareholders as companies’ owners
Page 24 and 25:
expertise which could control the m
Page 26 and 27:
information asymmetry. According to
Page 28 and 29:
indicators reducing audit quality),
Page 30 and 31:
This study reflects my own opinion
Page 32 and 33:
Malone, C.F. & Roberts, R.W. (1996)
Page 34 and 35:
findings. As the audit process is a
Page 36 and 37:
(Weber et al., 2002) present a psyc
Page 38 and 39:
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The researc
Page 40 and 41:
isk behaviour using the SPSS statis
Page 42 and 43:
conclusion of this study, that age
Page 44 and 45:
APPENDIX 1 The research questionnai
Page 46 and 47:
THE INVESTIGATION OF ROMANIAN AUDIT
Page 48 and 49:
1. ROLE AND PRACTICES OF INTERNAL A
Page 50 and 51:
• Internal audit assist the board
Page 52 and 53:
But there are only few papers that
Page 54 and 55:
14. Internal audit should discussed
Page 56 and 57:
have its place in the repertoire of
Page 58 and 59:
11 Internal audit assists board/aud
Page 60 and 61:
16 Internal audit is preoccupied by
Page 62 and 63:
Chief of internal audit department
Page 64 and 65:
Based on the above tables, we propo
Page 66 and 67:
the answers and resending some foll
Page 68 and 69:
Sarens G (2009) „Internal auditin
Page 70 and 71:
PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE FROM THE
Page 72 and 73:
integrating social responsibility i
Page 74 and 75:
Administration, the Ministries, oth
Page 76 and 77:
The research points out that there
Page 78 and 79:
odies disclose information on the s
Page 80 and 81:
On one hand, it helps them to build
Page 82 and 83:
Steps Description Implement CSR com
Page 84 and 85:
Gjølberg, M. (2009) „Measuring t
Page 86 and 87:
ANNEX 1 Disclosures on social respo
Page 88 and 89:
Country Name of Institution Finland
Page 90 and 91:
Country Name of Institution The The
Page 92 and 93:
IMPROVEMENT IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AN
Page 94 and 95:
1.2. Improved accounting system (H1
Page 96 and 97:
Shields and Shields (1998) have rev
Page 98 and 99:
Flamholtz (1983) argues that accoun
Page 100 and 101:
2. VARIABLE MEASUREMENT For variabl
Page 102 and 103:
To analyse the data, Structural Equ
Page 104 and 105:
eliable. Of all indices in Table 2
Page 106 and 107:
e10 e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 Figu
Page 108 and 109:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION By lookin
Page 110 and 111:
of SEM as the main data analysing p
Page 112 and 113:
Cooper, R. (1995). When lean enterp
Page 114 and 115:
Modell, S., Lee, A., Tjenesteproduk
Page 116 and 117:
a centrally planned economy era and
Page 118 and 119:
are used and respected by the major
Page 120 and 121:
Financial control Figure 1. Managem
Page 122 and 123:
Table 2. The evolution of the defin
Page 124 and 125:
Poland, a different solution has be
Page 126 and 127:
continuous quality improvement by s
Page 128 and 129:
• has full legal capacity and mak
Page 130 and 131:
and metrics to measure efficiency.
Page 132 and 133:
Currently, internal audit is becomi
Page 134 and 135:
BOUNDRIES REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTAT
Page 136 and 137:
including the credit institutions a
Page 138 and 139:
What are the coordinates of this na
Page 140 and 141:
• improving the quality of inform
Page 142 and 143:
the parent companies prepare the co
Page 144 and 145:
statements and the audit report, it
Page 146 and 147:
The Insurance Supervisory Commissio
Page 148 and 149:
eform went ahead the economy reform
Page 150 and 151:
PS3 Financial analysis I Chairperso
Page 152 and 153:
to-unit root properties. Thus, ther
Page 154 and 155:
we use the “Windmeijer correction
Page 156 and 157:
2.2. Results Our preliminary evalua
Page 158 and 159:
M1 and M2 are tests for first-order
Page 160 and 161:
Goyal A., Welch I., (2003) „Predi
Page 162 and 163:
' ∑ = LΛL ( a.4. ) Here L is the
Page 164 and 165:
Among these categories, the first i
Page 166 and 167:
Authors Main tested method Sample c
Page 168 and 169:
pay more attention to accurately cl
Page 170 and 171:
whose total assets were below 100K
Page 172 and 173:
Step 6: An algorithm based on multi
Page 174 and 175:
called knots, nodes or breakdown po
Page 176 and 177:
RMSECV = n ∑ i= 1 ( y − yˆ ) i
Page 178 and 179:
the whole database and performed fi
Page 180 and 181:
Bank for International Settlements
Page 182 and 183:
Martikainen, T., Perttunen, J., Yli
Page 184 and 185:
THE RELEVANCE OF COMPANY EVALUATION
Page 186 and 187:
qualitative data, present in the co
Page 188 and 189:
Although financial theory criticize
Page 190 and 191:
isk (one characterized by the insol
Page 192 and 193:
Table 3. List of the companies in t
Page 194 and 195:
each of the three variables: 1 - lo
Page 196 and 197:
Table 4. Coefficients of the classi
Page 198 and 199:
a total error for the case when thi
Page 200 and 201:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
Page 202 and 203:
FINANCIAL RISK ANALYSIS AT THE STOC
Page 204 and 205:
society we live in. Additionally, r
Page 206 and 207:
loans of the banking system, they m
Page 208 and 209:
Graph 1. CLF evolutions during 2005
Page 210 and 211:
The times we are living require the
Page 212 and 213:
BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PREPARING IFR
Page 214 and 215:
1.2. Paper’s aim and contribution
Page 216 and 217:
� introduction of basic principle
Page 218 and 219:
• the consistency of adjustments
Page 220 and 221:
� all-in-one solution, when entit
Page 222 and 223:
• Voluntary application of the IF
Page 224 and 225:
other sophisticated systems are use
Page 226 and 227:
Certainly Rather yes Rather not Cer
Page 228 and 229:
classified as investments in associ
Page 230 and 231:
PS5 Fair value Chairperson Mihaela
Page 232 and 233:
1. BACKGROUND The main objective of
Page 234 and 235:
transactions involving identical or
Page 236 and 237:
and the representative body which t
Page 238 and 239:
market data (see paragraphs 36 and
Page 240 and 241:
The most advantageous market is the
Page 242 and 243:
Question 10 With the sixth question
Page 244 and 245:
proposed guidance does not sufficie
Page 246 and 247:
% 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,
Page 248 and 249:
the criticisms and suggestions, the
Page 250 and 251:
AN ENTERPRISE ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
Page 252 and 253:
example, in this sense, constitutes
Page 254 and 255:
• Setting properties for each cla
Page 256 and 257:
3.5. Defining properties for classe
Page 258 and 259:
McCarthy W.E. (1982), “The REA ac
Page 260 and 261:
1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This attemp
Page 262 and 263:
novelty, the difference resides in
Page 264 and 265:
comes with unlimited scalability at
Page 266 and 267:
the main reason to embrace Enterpri
Page 268 and 269:
• A large multinational company p
Page 270 and 271:
fluctuating demands, and cost savin
Page 272 and 273:
development, taking advantage of th
Page 274 and 275:
The adoption of the new software di
Page 276 and 277:
NON-TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN ADOPTIN
Page 278 and 279:
• The virtualization techniques a
Page 280 and 281:
identification of compliance reques
Page 282 and 283:
overloaded. In such situations, ins
Page 284 and 285:
alternative, able to significantly
Page 286 and 287:
or reliability issues. As the cloud
Page 288 and 289:
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE OR
Page 290 and 291:
Data breaches is in the forefront o
Page 292 and 293:
Enterprise Governance is a relative
Page 294 and 295:
These four domains are interrelated
Page 296 and 297:
3.2 Oracle database audit steps Thr
Page 298 and 299:
• Export files The auditor should
Page 300 and 301:
• Access and authorization All us
Page 302 and 303:
REFERENCES Al Marcella (2006) IT Au
Page 304 and 305:
USE OF FINANCIAL SECURITIES IN THE
Page 306 and 307:
etween the listing of accounting un
Page 308 and 309:
within the latter becomes possible
Page 310 and 311:
Price/Earnings ratio model is a ver
Page 312 and 313:
Bills of exchange and checks repres
Page 314 and 315:
Pirchegger (2006) is concerned with
Page 316 and 317:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is one
Page 318 and 319:
THE FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND THE DY
Page 320 and 321:
The financial engineering represent
Page 322 and 323:
characteristics: form (capital mark
Page 324 and 325:
Compared with the ETFs, the options
Page 326 and 327:
Graph 1. The evolution of ETFs at g
Page 328 and 329:
5.5 billion $, the most important f
Page 330 and 331:
Figure 1. Mainstream View of Global
Page 332 and 333:
seams to intensify the pessimism of
Page 334 and 335:
Marshall, J. & Bansal, V. (2004) Fi
Page 336 and 337:
selection had the strongest impact
Page 338 and 339:
n+ 1 m ∑ri X i + ∑R j z j = ∑
Page 340 and 341:
2. FUZZY MIXED SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
Page 342 and 343:
Figure 4. The membership function f
Page 344 and 345:
We already have the values of f M a
Page 346 and 347:
CONCLUSIONS We can conclude by show
Page 348 and 349:
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DESCRIPTORS I
Page 350 and 351:
� Leverage (GI) - reflect the tot
Page 352 and 353:
each unit of risk. It is calculated
Page 354 and 355:
Analyzing these results shows that
Page 356 and 357:
In the short portfolios case only t
Page 358 and 359:
APPENDIX 1 Issuing companies from t
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Issuers Reverse of the historical v
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: EU
Page 372 and 373:
Similarly, Stewart (1997) considers
Page 374 and 375:
In a manner similar to prior resear
Page 376 and 377:
information related to their intang
Page 378 and 379:
As shown in Figure 3, within extern
Page 380 and 381:
Bontis, N. (1998). “Intellectual
Page 382 and 383:
this capital, which contains non-fi
Page 384 and 385:
external capital (the customers - c
Page 386 and 387:
The image of the company Supply and
Page 388 and 389:
Infrastructure assets (corporate cu
Page 390 and 391:
Table 2. The analyzed elements of i
Page 392 and 393:
• as for the human capital, four
Page 394 and 395:
APPENDIX 1 The analyzed entities En
Page 396 and 397:
DETERMINANTS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITA
Page 398 and 399:
from the work performed by a panel
Page 400 and 401:
Garcia-Meca et al. (2005) used univ
Page 402 and 403:
comprehensive in some industries, s
Page 404 and 405:
eliable data, a rigorous and transp
Page 406 and 407:
textile/clothing, and tourism/leisu
Page 408 and 409:
External (customer/relational) capi
Page 410 and 411:
This output shows for each of the 4
Page 412 and 413:
ICD_Index Equal variances assumed E
Page 414 and 415:
hypothesis H3 and thus we can state
Page 416 and 417:
Lang, M. and Lundholm, R. (1993)
Page 418 and 419:
IMPACTS AND CHANGES IN THE ACCOUNTI
Page 420 and 421:
the IAS adoption caused fundamental
Page 422 and 423:
policies, we examined the net incom
Page 424 and 425:
policy was established by the recog
Page 426 and 427:
Table 2. IAS under examination, ten
Page 428 and 429:
as tangible assets and their subseq
Page 430 and 431:
Rahman, A., Perera, H. and Ganesh,
Page 432 and 433:
PS10 Performance management Chairpe
Page 434 and 435:
• comparative analysis between co
Page 436 and 437:
investment in infrastructure, once
Page 438 and 439:
Romtelecom has undergone a major tr
Page 440 and 441:
LRIC models provide cost orientatio
Page 442 and 443:
are primarily used for performance
Page 444 and 445:
Dnes, A. (1995), “Post-privatizat
Page 446 and 447:
considered under a different statem
Page 448 and 449:
• The need to simulate efficient
Page 450 and 451:
We considered this as well, by usin
Page 452 and 453:
Aspect Focus Systems Development A
Page 454 and 455:
Tabel 3. Internal process design Me
Page 456 and 457:
the manager with the actual figures
Page 458 and 459:
***http://www.isaca.org - IASCA sit
Page 460 and 461:
The concept of sustainable developm
Page 462 and 463:
Managers need to know all about the
Page 464 and 465:
Table 3 Cumulative number of batche
Page 466 and 467:
From another point of view, indicat
Page 468 and 469:
Code has been modified through Law
Page 470 and 471:
Another reason for termination of a
Page 472 and 473:
and legal authorisations expired. H
Page 474 and 475:
interdiction of dismissal can be ex
Page 476 and 477:
Though dismissal due to professiona
Page 478 and 479:
The rules regarding the collective
Page 480 and 481:
If, on the contrary, the flexibilit
Page 482 and 483:
PS11 Management information systems
Page 484 and 485:
governments. The primary values of
Page 486 and 487:
� with legacy applications- who n
Page 488 and 489:
strategies behind the deployment of
Page 490 and 491:
• iKP (Internet Keyed Payments Pr
Page 492 and 493:
• Many alternative protocol paths
Page 494 and 495:
specific problems are associated wi
Page 496 and 497:
Boping, Z. & Shiyu, S., (2009), ”
Page 498 and 499:
ehavior - meaning how to act over t
Page 500 and 501:
Structuring the educational content
Page 502 and 503:
pedagogical object is annotated usi
Page 504 and 505:
associative). This aspect is repres
Page 506 and 507:
Integration of ontologies Figure 5.
Page 508 and 509:
Language) and an extension of RDF a
Page 510 and 511:
Reviewing some relevant papers (Isf
Page 512 and 513:
Figure 10. Ontology for detailing t
Page 514 and 515:
Pernin, J.P. (2004) LOM, SCORM et I
Page 516 and 517:
these documents are still difficult
Page 518 and 519:
Figure 2. Framework for semantic an
Page 520 and 521:
Figure 4. Semantic annotation using
Page 522 and 523:
• It should verify the credential
Page 524 and 525:
Each skill from the job offer ( ) i
Page 526 and 527:
3.2. IT competency ontologies withi
Page 528 and 529:
10. Computer network administrator
Page 530 and 531:
items were required, such as ”Wor
Page 532 and 533:
Hernandez, N. (2005), “Ontologies
Page 534 and 535:
The current limitations in the qual
Page 536 and 537:
The assurance of Business Intellige
Page 538 and 539:
In the case study mentioned at tier
Page 540 and 541:
improve performance. The ability to
Page 542 and 543:
One key benefit to our system is th
Page 544 and 545:
Grossmann Wilfried (2010), “A Con
Page 546 and 547:
CORPORATE VALUES, THE COMPANIES’
Page 548 and 549:
1.2. The Lack of Trust or the Crisi
Page 550 and 551:
an impact on the individual behavio
Page 552 and 553:
By making their corporate values pu
Page 554 and 555: The second situation appears when t
Page 556 and 557: geographical area. Regarding the fi
Page 558 and 559: sector ranked by market capitalizat
Page 560 and 561: ehaviour. Only few managers will ad
Page 562 and 563: Table 5. The value system of the Fr
Page 564 and 565: Anon, (2002b). “Most executives s
Page 566 and 567: HOW CAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MITIGA
Page 568 and 569: Studies on frauds have emphasized t
Page 570 and 571: environmental or situational factor
Page 572 and 573: and later in the documentation phas
Page 574 and 575: Knowing the factors that contribute
Page 576 and 577: • Have audit committee members pa
Page 578 and 579: � strengthen regulations as for e
Page 580 and 581: REFERENCES AICPA (2005) Management
Page 582 and 583: created by the new technology, by t
Page 584 and 585: Figure 2. Connection between compan
Page 586 and 587: The companies that meet the positiv
Page 588 and 589: employed, their families would lack
Page 590 and 591: Phishing. There are numerous traps
Page 592 and 593: competence and doesn’t understand
Page 594 and 595: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES: AN
Page 596 and 597: • Executive directors should be a
Page 598 and 599: The corporate governance system in
Page 600 and 601: set out by the OECD in a general ma
Page 602 and 603: • 32% of the companies (21 out of
Page 606 and 607: • Customers: Most stakeholder mod
Page 608 and 609: and The Remuneration Committee cons
Page 610 and 611: CONCLUSIONS Starting from transpare
Page 612 and 613: Richard, B. and Miellet, D. (2002),
Page 614 and 615: IMPACT OF FUNDED STATUS OF PENSIONS
Page 616 and 617: wage level, national average earnin
Page 618 and 619: foreign currency in reserve currenc
Page 620 and 621: THE IMPACT OF UNREALISED FOREIGN EX
Page 622 and 623: y the foreign exchange differences
Page 624 and 625: However, the entity has not conduct
Page 626 and 627: What means "fictitious or non-distr
Page 628 and 629: difficult economic situation at gen
Page 630 and 631: VALUE RELEVANCE OF CONSOLIDATED VER
Page 632 and 633: market value relevance studies (Hel
Page 634 and 635: capital market as a whole, since th
Page 636 and 637: Share prices for the sampled observ
Page 638 and 639: Hypothesis 2: The value relevance o
Page 640 and 641: In order to test if an eventual rel
Page 642 and 643: Table 5. Correlation matrix of vari
Page 644 and 645: Table 7. Empirical results for regr
Page 646 and 647: Figure 2. Evolution of value releva
Page 648 and 649: (Francis, 1986: 394). We consider t
Page 650 and 651: Niskanen, J., Kinnunen, J. and Kasa
Page 652 and 653: must be able to accurately demonstr
Page 654 and 655:
Market surveys show that the main p
Page 656 and 657:
party, with only one condition: tha
Page 658 and 659:
accounting activity. Also, professi
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
Due to these changes in the economy
Page 664 and 665:
to the computer system, the acquisi
Page 666 and 667:
The importance of IT Risk and Compl
Page 668 and 669:
Factor - objective The Customer (In
Page 670 and 671:
The security requirements for cloud
Page 672 and 673:
Figure 5. General framework for inf
Page 674 and 675:
ISMS Process (Source: Applying ISO
Page 676 and 677:
greater confidence in the organizat
Page 678 and 679:
Băbeanu D, (2008), Information str
Page 680 and 681:
A TEST OF DIFFERENT MODELS FOR THE
Page 682 and 683:
2003; Braga et al., 2007). For a re
Page 684 and 685:
Where Y is the software effort, x i
Page 686 and 687:
means that multiplying inputs x and
Page 688 and 689:
The Desharnais dataset contains ele
Page 690 and 691:
very far away from the predicted va
Page 692 and 693:
Braga, P.L, Oliveira, A.L.I, Ribeir
Page 694 and 695:
Sayyad Shirabad, J. and Menzies, T.
Page 696 and 697:
First, during the development cycle
Page 698 and 699:
If it’s calculated: Δk = CSIk -
Page 700 and 701:
For emerging organizations, among t
Page 702 and 703:
which connects is audited and the r
Page 704 and 705:
THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM
Page 706 and 707:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Tendencie
Page 708 and 709:
included in the category of develop
Page 710 and 711:
It was interesting to discover whic
Page 712 and 713:
2.2 Why are web-based applications
Page 714 and 715:
Figure 1. Web based accounting arch
Page 716 and 717:
From this module data are translate
Page 718 and 719:
Table 2. The relation between the l
Page 720 and 721:
Groza C., Briciu S., Cordos A.M, (2
Page 722 and 723:
present the information, but is dif
Page 724 and 725:
The second step was to establish th
Page 726 and 727:
Academic Journals Total 5 Computer
Page 728 and 729:
Table 4. Articles that mention XBRL
Page 730 and 731:
and Kogan, 2010; Debreceny et al.,
Page 732 and 733:
Hou, X., Hu. G, Ma, L., Liu, T., Pa
Page 734 and 735:
15, 2009 on, the largest companies
Page 736 and 737:
common base taxonomies like an IFRS
Page 738 and 739:
Increasing comparability Improving
Page 740 and 741:
3. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DISCUSSION
Page 742 and 743:
(1982) found no link between profit
Page 744 and 745:
Table 1. Overview of Sample firms N
Page 746 and 747:
information covers 40 items, non-fi
Page 748 and 749:
No. Firms Overall Disclosures XBRL
Page 750 and 751:
Table 4. Sample Characteristics Var
Page 752 and 753:
Table 7. Model summaries for overal
Page 754 and 755:
(Healy and Palepu 2001). Finally, t
Page 756 and 757:
Gray, S., Meek, G. and Roberts, C.
Page 758 and 759:
Trabelsi, S., Labelle, R. and Lauri
Page 760 and 761:
OBLIGATION OR OPPORTUNITY FOR DRAWI
Page 762 and 763:
IFRS for SMEs provides that, beside
Page 764 and 765:
financial statements. We assume tha
Page 766 and 767:
statements. The group of subjects w
Page 768 and 769:
statements before, the questionnair
Page 770 and 771:
Popa M. (2006), “Elemente sinteti
Page 772 and 773:
INTRODUCTION The preparation of a s
Page 774 and 775:
should also affect the recognition
Page 776 and 777:
consolidated accounting remained in
Page 778 and 779:
accounting regulations, for small a
Page 780 and 781:
The standard published by IASB, in
Page 782 and 783:
Chart 4. Q7 Responses Nevertheless,
Page 784 and 785:
After processing the collected data
Page 786 and 787:
(turnover, average number of employ
Page 788 and 789:
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND BOOK-TAX
Page 790 and 791:
literally several provisions of the
Page 792 and 793:
treatments. For instance, the share
Page 794 and 795:
however to be enlarged upon and als
Page 796 and 797:
4.5. Separate evaluation of assets
Page 798 and 799:
Moreover, the legal documents suppo
Page 800 and 801:
(Slemrod and Blumenthal, 1996). In
Page 802 and 803:
D’Ascenzo, Michael; England, Andr
Page 804 and 805:
Walker, D. I. (2007), „Financial
Page 806 and 807:
FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL
Page 808 and 809:
companies, we found a statistical s
Page 810 and 811:
The “free cash flow” term is th
Page 812 and 813:
investments are "lumpy" and positiv
Page 814 and 815:
estructuring process of the compani
Page 816 and 817:
For the analysis model between the
Page 818 and 819:
Table 4. Relationship between FL, T
Page 820 and 821:
CONCLUSIONS There is no universal t
Page 822 and 823:
IMPACT OF LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECI
Page 824 and 825:
1. PRESENTATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC P
Page 826 and 827:
The equation shows that maintaining
Page 828 and 829:
or expense. expense. ( * 100) N < (
Page 830 and 831:
As we mentioned in the previous sub
Page 832 and 833:
maintain the quality of the operati
Page 834 and 835:
INCLUDING BEHAVIOURAL ELEMENTS IN A
Page 836 and 837:
� the strong form - all informati
Page 838 and 839:
Cognitive biases (Moderate) 3. COGN
Page 840 and 841:
method with the next results: ancho
Page 842 and 843:
3.7. Cognitive dissonance bias When
Page 844 and 845:
versus development potential. The t
Page 846 and 847:
This bias could determine the inves
Page 848 and 849:
5.2. Anchoring bias You bought two
Page 850 and 851:
• I am looking at the returns but
Page 852 and 853:
• Even if I am very satisfied wit
Page 854 and 855:
60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Page 856 and 857:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main
Page 858 and 859:
Hirshleifer, D., Hou, K S., Teoh, H
Page 860 and 861:
Sinha, G. (2005) „Training the br
Page 862 and 863:
ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PER
Page 864 and 865:
1. ACCOUNTING STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
Page 866 and 867:
principles class. A more particular
Page 868 and 869:
As previously mentioned, the questi
Page 870 and 871:
After developing the two methodolog
Page 872 and 873:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 874 and 875:
Table 1. Students’ Academic Perfo
Page 876 and 877:
etween the two calculated means to
Page 878 and 879:
Cluster analysis being performed wi
Page 880 and 881:
Mcduffie, S. and Smith, L.M (2006),
Page 882 and 883:
Nobes and Parker (2008) argue that
Page 884 and 885:
• The creation of a hierarchy of
Page 886 and 887:
demanders of that education” (Ame
Page 888 and 889:
The results of chi-square test appl
Page 890 and 891:
ecommended by IES 2 (Content Progra
Page 892 and 893:
REFERENCES The Academy of Economic
Page 894 and 895:
naturally succeed on the organizati
Page 896 and 897:
negotiation table, where they are t
Page 898 and 899:
It is relatively easy to observe th
Page 900 and 901:
Carr, C., (1990) Front-line Custome
Page 902 and 903:
Figure 1. Social networking became
Page 904 and 905:
1. LITERATURE REVIEW Formerly desig
Page 906 and 907:
The base concept for Twitter is to
Page 908 and 909:
2. STUDY METHODOLOGY Lee and McLoug
Page 910 and 911:
Figure 7. Structure of the survey p
Page 912 and 913:
Figure 10. Frequency of access (ema
Page 914 and 915:
have to be better trained to protec
Page 916 and 917:
ANNEX 1 Questionnaire on the impact
Page 918 and 919:
The first works in Romanian, in the
Page 920 and 921:
However, after 10 years, the Transy
Page 922 and 923:
century when the economic life star
Page 924 and 925:
first accounting manual written in
Page 926 and 927:
category, and those of owners equit
Page 928 and 929:
Cluj, also called College, was orga
Page 930 and 931:
� the political influence and the
Page 932 and 933:
Jinga, 1943:1). During its 14 years
Page 934 and 935:
The accounting literature is rich a
Page 936 and 937:
4.2.2. Influence of European practi
Page 938 and 939:
Due to the foundation of the Academ
Page 940 and 941:
PS19 Financial markets Chairperson
Page 942 and 943:
attempt to predict future prices, n
Page 944 and 945:
In the context of IFRS adoption, th
Page 946 and 947:
Advisory Group (FCAG) which compris
Page 948 and 949:
milestones that, if achieved, may l
Page 950 and 951:
250 Japanese companies are listed o
Page 952 and 953:
Graphic 1. Recent evolutions of DJI
Page 954 and 955:
1 ˆ μ = T T ∑ i= 1 2 σ Tq and
Page 956 and 957:
p values are computed directly from
Page 958 and 959:
Cheung, K.C. and Coutts, J.A. (2001
Page 960 and 961:
PROPERTIES OF ANALYSTS’ FORECASTS
Page 962 and 963:
Several recent papers have showed t
Page 964 and 965:
Observations Minimum Maximum Mean S
Page 966 and 967:
Olimid. L., Ionaşcu M., Popescu L.
Page 968 and 969:
� recognizing expenses in three p
Page 970 and 971:
This study is structured in the fol
Page 972 and 973:
eassessment, it is easily to make i
Page 974 and 975:
only 9 companies have written out t
Page 976 and 977:
• for calculation correlation deg
Page 978 and 979:
Figure 1.The distribution of financ
Page 980 and 981:
The 2 β coefficient in the formula
Page 982 and 983:
Entities nomber Table 3. Difference
Page 984 and 985:
coefficient, for both the correlati
Page 986 and 987:
COMPANY NAME Balance sheet date Sto
Page 988 and 989:
ANNEX 3 (amounts in pounds or centi
Page 990 and 991:
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SOCIAL AND ENV
Page 992 and 993:
equirements with their implementati
Page 994 and 995:
are motivated by national environme
Page 996 and 997:
We created a database containing in
Page 998 and 999:
process to implement at an extended
Page 1000 and 1001:
We noticed that an important percen
Page 1002 and 1003:
CSR sections in the annual report i
Page 1004 and 1005:
CONCLUSIONS The qualitative aspects
Page 1006 and 1007:
Lungu, C.I., Caraiani, C., Dascalu,
Page 1008 and 1009:
into new territories, destruction c
Page 1010 and 1011:
Attempts by economists to describe
Page 1012 and 1013:
essential to establish a monotony p
Page 1014 and 1015:
There is an observable prevalence o
Page 1016 and 1017:
source and detect the sensor, givin
Page 1018 and 1019:
stimulating system is manifesting,
Page 1020 and 1021:
Decision-maker = Organized actions/
Page 1022 and 1023:
Cline, W. R. (1992) The Economics o
Page 1024 and 1025:
Vogtländer, J.,(2010) LCA-based as
Page 1026 and 1027:
1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN ROMA
Page 1028 and 1029:
H5: The financial performance of en
Page 1030 and 1031:
No. Environmental information detai
Page 1032 and 1033:
environmental reporting than the en
Page 1034 and 1035:
It can be thus concluded, that the
Page 1036 and 1037:
CONCLUSIONS The level of environmen
Page 1038 and 1039:
Gamble, G.O., Hsu, K., Kite, D. and
Page 1040 and 1041:
APPENDIX 1 Description of the varia
Page 1042 and 1043:
Compa 1 1 2 77 301563792 1860 1 2 2
Page 1044 and 1045:
greater attachment to the area amon
Page 1046 and 1047:
process of the compartment the info
Page 1048 and 1049:
Figure 2. Table of the allocation o
Page 1050 and 1051:
eallocation of the resources needed
Page 1052 and 1053:
• point d), Non distributable val
Page 1054 and 1055:
where: • IVCRSPam(t;s) = Intangib
Page 1056 and 1057:
The same reflection concerns the en
Page 1058 and 1059:
the function to compensate possible
Page 1060 and 1061:
Giovanelli, F. and Di Bella, I. and
Page 1062 and 1063:
THE IMPACT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVEL
Page 1064 and 1065:
too small, the revenues and, as a c
Page 1066 and 1067:
the customers might refuse to pay o
Page 1068 and 1069:
Among other financing sources, we c
Page 1070 and 1071:
time, a rising fuel price will also
Page 1072 and 1073:
Subsidies are granted in order to p
Page 1074 and 1075:
energy comes to complete the conven
Page 1076 and 1077:
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING KEY INDIC
Page 1078 and 1079:
Forum and Joint Research Centre of
Page 1080 and 1081:
institutions show that investors te
Page 1082 and 1083:
Minimum of 39.1 to a Maximum of 95.
Page 1084 and 1085:
EPI 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Figure
Page 1086 and 1087:
The determination rapport (R-square
Page 1088 and 1089:
Environmental challenges come in ma
Page 1090 and 1091:
Page 1092 and 1093:
1. INFORMATION The information assu
Page 1094 and 1095:
2.1. The benefits of information
Page 1096 and 1097:
2.3. How line managers use informat
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 2. CATWOE illustration of in
Page 1100 and 1101:
We can assume that the problems enu
Page 1102 and 1103:
time deliveries between each link o
Page 1104 and 1105:
• Reliability and safety. Paralle
Page 1106 and 1107:
From the customer perspective an ER
Page 1108 and 1109:
There are two methodologies for imp
Page 1110 and 1111:
Hotăran, I. & Horga, G. (2010) “
Page 1112 and 1113:
database vendors, is mainly about d
Page 1114 and 1115:
• The first is the business aspec
Page 1116 and 1117:
of it, to dig out meaningful relati
Page 1118 and 1119:
Traditional analytical tools claim
Page 1120 and 1121:
2.1 Analytics get more embedded int
Page 1122 and 1123:
The most spread analytical tools fo
Page 1124 and 1125:
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Data con
Page 1126 and 1127:
PS22 Management accounting Chairper
Page 1128 and 1129:
in traditional management accountin
Page 1130 and 1131:
in order to fulfil the needs of cen
Page 1132 and 1133:
Very similar research had been perf
Page 1134 and 1135:
Brierley, J.A., Cowton, C.J., Drury
Page 1136 and 1137:
THE ROLE OF COSTS AND CONTROL IN EN
Page 1138 and 1139:
Performance optimization is transla
Page 1140 and 1141:
6. The value adding chain must assu
Page 1142 and 1143:
This is why the size of the target
Page 1144 and 1145:
To establish: 1. target cost and es
Page 1146 and 1147:
When the business opportunities are
Page 1148 and 1149:
an increase in profit equal to the
Page 1150 and 1151:
THE CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Page 1152 and 1153:
1. THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGE IN THE MA
Page 1154 and 1155:
manner in which the speech is desig
Page 1156 and 1157:
published in Romanian journals. The
Page 1158 and 1159:
published on a particular segment,
Page 1160 and 1161:
2003; GCF, 2003; AMIS), target cost
Page 1162 and 1163:
Risk management 3 2 2.86 2 25 Inter
Page 1164 and 1165:
From the research methodology point
Page 1166 and 1167:
Glăvan, M., Brăescu (Dumitru), M.
show all

Proceedings

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?