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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 1028 Fire protection and fire engineering Since a great deal of data have been gathered over the years on the performance of materials in the standard fire test, methods have been sought to relate real fire conditions to standard fire performance in order that the existing data can be used in fire engineering. The time equivalent or equivalent required fire resistance is given by: Teq = CWQf where Qf = fire load density in MJ/m, i.e. the amount of combustible material per unit area of compartment floor, W = ventilation factor relating to the area and height of door and window openings, C = a constant relating to the thermal properties of the walls, floor and ceiling. Detailed methods for calculation of temperatures in natural fires are given in Eurocode 1 (prEN1991-1-2 13 ). Fire engineering is not a concept that can be recommended for buildings that are subject to frequent change of use, such as advance factory units, but many buildings are ‘fixed’ in terms of their occupancy (car parks, hospitals, swimming pools, etc.) and in such cases fire engineering is a valid approach. It is most appropriate for buildings of large volume with low fire load. In the UK a number of buildings have been built using unprotected steel on fire engineering principles, one example being the north stand at Ibrox football ground in Glasgow. Other examples of the use of calculation methods in determining structural response in fire are external steel in framed buildings, 14 and portal frames with fireresistant boundary wall. 15 References to Chapter 34 1. The Building Regulations (a) Approved document B (1991), Fire safety, Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office. HMSO. (b) Technical standards for compliance with the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations (1990) HMSO (c) The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) (1990) Department of the Environment, HMSO. 2. British Standards Institution (1990) Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 8: Code of practice for fire resistant design. BS 5950, BSI, London. 3. The Steel Construction Institute/Association of Structural Fire Protection Contractors and Manufacturers (1989) Fire Protection of Structural Steel in Buildings, 2nd edn. SCI/ASFPCM. 4. Bailey C.G., Newman G.M. & Simms W.I. (1999) Design of Steel Framed Build-
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) ings without Applied Fire Protection. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks. 5. Lawson R.M. & Newman G.M. (1990) Fire Resistant Design of Steel Structures – A Handbook to BS 5950: Part 8.The Steel Construction Institute,Ascot, Berks. 6. Bailey C.G. & Moore D.B. The structural behaviour of steel frames with composite floor slabs subject to fire. The Structural Engineer, 78 No. 11, 19–26 & 28–33, 6 June 2000. 7. Newman G.M., Robinson J.T. & Bailey C.G. (2000) Fire Safe Design – A New Approach to Multi-Storey Buildings. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks. 8. Papers on VULCAN are published on the website http://www.shef.ac.uk/ fire-research 9. Dowling J.J. Off-Site Protection Using Intumescent Coatings. Corus Construction Centre, PO Box 1, Brigg Road Scunthorpe. http://www.corusconstruction. com 10. Ministry of Public Buildings and Works (1946) Fire Grading of Buildings, Part 1, General Principles and Structural Precautions. Post War Building Studies No. 20. HMSO. 11. British Standards Institution (1987) Fire tests on building materials and structures. Part 20: Method of determination of the fire resistance of element of construction (general principles). Part 21: Method for determination of the fire resistance of load-bearing elements of construction. BS 476, BSI, London. 12. Report of CIB Workshop 14 (1983) Design guide: structural fire safety. Fire Safety Journal, 6. No. 1, 1–79. 13. Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures. Part 1.2 Actions on structures exposed to fire. CEN, Central secretariat, rue de Stassart 36, Brussels. 14. Law M. & O’Brien T.P. (1981) Fire and Steel Construction – Fire Safety of Bare External Structural Steel. Constrado. 15. Newman G.M. (1990) Fire and Steel Construction – The Behaviour of Steel Portal Frames in Boundary Conditions, 2nd edn. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks. Further reading for Chapter 34 Further reading 1029 References 4, 7 and 9 are recommended further reading. EUROFER (1990) Steel and Fire Safety – A Global Approach. Eurofer, Brussels (available from The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks).
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