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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) — overhead travelling crane LJ crone gkder IonçtudinaI bracing Fig. 3.2 Cross section through turbine hall These frequencies of response are compared with the forcing frequency of motion of the machine, the design being adjusted so that no response frequencies exist in a band either side of the forcing frequency, to avoid resonance effects. A complete physical separation is provided between the generator support steelwork and any adjoining main frame, secondary floor or support steel to isolate vibration effects. Zones on adjoining suspended floors are set aside for strip-down and servicing, and specific ‘laydown’ loading rates are allowed in the design of these areas to cater for heavy point and distributed loads. 3.1.3 Process plant steelwork Range of structures and scale of construction 97 Steelwork for process and manufacturing plants varies across a wide spectrum of different industrial uses. Here it is considered to be steelwork that is intimately con-
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 98 Industrial steelwork nected with the support and operation of plant and equipment, rather than simply a steel-framed building envelope constructed over a process plant. Although the processes and plant vary widely, the essential features of this type of industrial steelwork are common to many applications and are conveniently examined by reference to some typical specific examples. There are many similarities with power station boiler house and turbine house steelwork described in section 3.1.2. Cement manufacturing plant. Typical cement plants are an assembly of functional structures arranged in a manufacturing flow sequence, with many short-term storage and material transfer facilities incorporated into the processes. The physical height and location of the main drums are likely to dictate the remaining plant orientation. Vehicle assembly plants. Substantial overhead services to the various assembly lines characterize vehicle assembly plants. It is normal to incorporate a heavy-duty and closely-spaced grid roof structure which also will support the roof covering. Reasonably large spans are needed to allow flexibility in arranging assembly line layouts without being constrained by column locations. Automation of the assembly process brings with it stiffness requirements to allow use of robots for precise operations such as welding and bonding. Open trusses in two directions are likely to satisfy most of these requirements, providing structural depth for deflection control and a zone above bottom boom level that can be used for service runs. Building plans are normally regular with rectangular type plan forms and uniformly regular roof profiles. Nuclear fuel process and treatment plants. Steelwork for nuclear fuel process and treatment plants is highly dependent on the actual process involved, and often has to incorporate massive concrete sections for biological radiation shielding purposes. Particular points to note are the importance of the paint or other finishes, both from the point of view of restricted access in certain locations, leading to maintenance problems, and also from the necessity for finishes in some areas to be capable of being decontaminated. Specialized advice is needed for the selection of suitable finishes or to give guidance on whether, for example, structural stainless steels would be appropriate. In addition, certain nuclear facilities must be designed for extreme events, the most relevant of which is seismic loading set by the statutory regulatory body. Frequently designs will have to be undertaken to comply with well-established codes of practice for seismically active zones in, for example, America. Seismic design requires the establishment of ductile structures to allow high levels of energy absorption prior to collapse, and local stability and ductile connection behaviour become of critical importance. It follows that joint and connection design has to be fully integrated with the structural steel design generally; the normal responsibilities of joint design assumed by the steelwork fabricator may have to be altered on these projects. Petrochemical plants. Petrochemical plants tend to be open structures with little or no weather protection. The steelwork required is dedicated to providing support to plant and pipework, and support for access walkways, gangways, stairs and ladders. Plant layouts are relatively static over long periods of use, and the steel-
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