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Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)
The curvature of a composite section resulting from a free shrinkage (or temperature
induced) strain es in the slab is:
e ( D+ D + D ) A
(21.20)
where Ic and r are defined in section 21.6.1 and ae is the appropriate modular ratio
for the duration of the action considered. The free shrinkage strain may be taken
to vary between 100 ¥ 10-6 in external applications and 300 ¥ 10-6 in dry heated
buildings. A creep reduction factor is used in BS 5400: Part 55 when considering
shrinkage strains. This can reduce the effective strain by up to 50%. The central
deflection of a simply-supported beam resulting from shrinkage strain is then
0.125KsL2 s s p
Ks
=
21 ( + a erI ) c
.
References to Chapter 21
References 627
1. British Standards Institution (1990) Structural use of steelwork in building. Part
3, Section 3.1: Code of practice for design of composite beams. BS 5950, BSI,
London.
2. The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) (1989) Design of Composite Slabs and
Beams with Steel Decking. SCI, Ascot, Berks.
3. Chien E.Y.L. & Ritchie J.K. (1984) Design and Construction of Composite Floor
Systems. Canadian Institute of Steel Construction.
4. Lawson R.M. (1988) Design for Openings in the Webs of Composite Beams. The
Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks.
5. British Standards Institution (1979) Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Part
5: Code of practice for design of composite bridges. BS 5400, BSI, London.
6. Brett P.R., Nethercot D.A. & Owens G.W. (1987) Continuous construction in
steel for roofs and composite floors. The Structural Engineer, 65A, No. 10, Oct.
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Vol. 2: Bridges, 2nd edn. Collins.
8. British Standards Institution (1994) Eurocode 4: Design of Composite steel and
concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings. DD ENV 1994-1-1,
BSI, London.
9. Yam L.C.P. & Chapman J.C. (1968) The inelastic behaviour of simply supported
composite beams of steel and concrete. Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs, 41, Dec., 651–83.
10. American Institute of Steel Construction (1986) Manual of Steel Construction:
Load and Resistance Factor Design. AISC, Chicago.
11. Johnson R.P. (1975 & 1986) Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete. Vol. 1:
Beams. Vol. 2: Bridges, 2nd edn. Granada.
12. Johnson R.P. & Oehlers D.J. (1982) Design for longitudinal shear in composite
L beams. Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs, 73, Part 2, March, 147–70.
13. Johnson R.P. & May I.M. (1975) Partial interaction design of composite beams.
The Structural Engineer, 53, No. 8, Aug., 305–11.