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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 660 Composite columns The axial load Pf in fire conditions is determined for load factors of unity. The concrete strength of 0.83fcu is the cylinder strength of concrete, which can be developed in both circular and rectangular sections in fire. The material factors for concrete and for reinforcement are taken as 1.0 in this formula. The term K1 is determined as in section 22.2.1 or as in Table 10 of BS 5950 Part 8. 10 It excludes the contribution of the steel hollow section and includes the enhanced strength of the concrete. The reinforcing bars are assumed to be fully effective, provided they are located at the appropriate cover. 8 A method of including the effect of applied moment is given in BS 5950: Part 8, 10 which is described more fully in Reference 11. Fire resistance periods that can be achieved for plain (or bar-reinforced) or fibrereinforced concrete-filled hollow sections are presented in Table 22.2. Where enhanced periods of fire resistance or greater load resistance are required, external fire protection may be provided. Normally, the effect of concrete filling offers a considerable reduction in the thickness of fire protection material that would be required for an unfilled hollow section. 9 An important practical requirement for the use of concrete-filled sections is the provision of vent holes at the top and bottom of each column. These are to prevent dangerous build-up of steam pressure inside the columns in the event of a fire. They also permit seepage of any excess moisture in the concrete after construction. Two 12 mm diameter holes placed diametrically opposite each other at the top and bottom of each storey height have been used in testing and proved to be adequate. Further guidance on fire resistance of concrete-encased and concrete-filled columns is given in ENV 1994-1-2 (Eurocode 4 Part 1.2) and in Reference 13. References to Chapter 22 Table 22.2 Fire-resistance of concrete-filled hollow sections as a function of load ratio 10 Load ratio, h Fire-resistance Plain 5% fibre (min) concrete concrete 30 – – 60 0.51 0.67 90 0.40 0.53 120 0.36 0.49 1. British Standards Institution (1979) Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Part 5: Code of practice for design of composite bridges. BS 5400, BSI, London. 2. British Standards Institution (1969) Specification for the use of structural steelwork in building. BS 449, BSI, London.
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) References 661 3. ENV 1994-1-1 Eurocode 4: Part 1.1 Design of composite steel and concrete structures. BSI, London. 4. Basu A.K. & Sommerville W. (1969) Derivation of formulae for the design of rectangular composite columns. Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs, supplementary volume, Paper 7206S, 233–80. 5. Virdi K.S. & Dowling P.J. (1973) The ultimate strength of composite columns in biaxial bending. Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs, 55, Part 2, March, 251–72. 6. Sen H.K. & Chapman J.C. (1970) Ultimate Load Tables for Concrete-Filled Tubular Steel Columns. Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA), Technical Note 13. 7. Corus Tubes, Structural & Conveyance Business (2002) Design of SHS concrete filled columns. CT23: 2002. Corus Tubes. 8. British Standards Institution (1985) Structural use of concrete. Part 2: Code of practice for special circumstances. BS 8110, BSI, London. 9. British Steel, Tubes & Pipes (1998) Fire resistant design – a guide to evaluation of Structural Hollow Sections using BS 5950 Part 8. TD409: 1998. Corus Tubes. 10. British Standards Institution (1990) Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 8: Code of practice for fire-resistant design. BS 5950, BSI, London. 11. Lawson R.M. & Newman G.M. (1990) Fire resistance design of steel structures – a handbook to BS 5950: Part 8. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks. 12. ENV 1994-1-2: Eurocode 4 Part 1.2 Design of composite steel and concrete structures. General rules – structural fire design. British Standards Institution, London. 13. Lawson R.M. & Newman G.M. (1996) Structural fire design to EC3 and EC4 and comparison with BS 5950. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot, Berks. A worked example follows which is relevant to Chapter 22. It is based on the 1990 version of EC4. There is no national code for composite columns in buildings and the 1990 version of EC4 was the latest available when the 6th edition was prepared.
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