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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 688 Welds and design for welding Steels e.g. BS EN 10025 BS EN 10113 Structural code BS5950 BS5400 BS EN10155\Welder Welding consumables e.g. N BS EN 499 (MMA) N BS EN 440 (MIG/MAG) BS EN 756 (SA) Welding procedure approval BS EN 288 approval BS EN 287 Welding processes BS EN 1011:2 Fig. 24.2 Standards that ensure acceptable quality and properties in welds Steelwork contractors use recommended edge preparations that are included in BS EN 1011-2: 2001, 4 Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials – Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels, and BS EN 29692: 1994, 6 Specification for metal-arc welding with covered electrode, gas-shielded metal-arc welding and gas welding. Joint preparation for steel. Part 2 of this standard, which is being developed, will include submerged arc welding joint preparations. Joint preparations should be appropriate for the welding process to be used, and the designer should not impose a preparation that may not be suitable for all fabricators. 24.2.2 Standards – steel grade, steel selection Designers should specify weldable structural steels, with grades and grade suffixes for yield strengths in the range 185–460 N/mm 2 , shown in European standards such as: BS EN 10025: 1993, 7 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels BS EN 10113: 1993, 8 Hot rolled products in weldable fine grained structural steels
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) Ensuring weld quality and properties by the use of standards 689 BS EN 10137: 1996, 9 Plates and wide flats made of high strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered or precipitation hardened conditions BS EN 10155: 1993, 1 Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance BS EN 10210: 1994, 10 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels BS EN 10219: 1997, 11 Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels BS 7668: 1994, 12 Specification for weldable structural steels – Hot finished structural steels in weather resistant steels. The designations of strength, toughness, type of steel, and supply condition, e.g. BS EN 10025: l993, 7 S355K2G4, are more informative than previous systems (such as BS 4360: 1990, Grade 50D), and they provide better guidance to the steelwork contractor in the choice of welding consumables. Steels have their Charpy V-notch impact toughness (at least 27J) tested at either room temperature, 0°C, or -20°C, and are adequate for most structural work in the UK. For applications at lower temperatures, some grades covered by BS EN 10113-2 8 have 40J impact toughness at -20°C and 27J toughness at -50°C. (For further details refer to Chapter 7.) In order to prevent cold cracking and lamellar tearing see the recommendations of BS EN 1011–2: 2001. 4 The use of the various product forms, standard sizes, and grades available in structural steels can result in considerable savings in cutting and welding costs, but not all shapes can be produced in all grades. Designers should check availability and cost before specifying. 24.2.3 Substitutions – thickness, yield strength, impact toughness, weldability, quality Fabricators may request, for reasons of availability and cost, the substitution of the specified grade and thickness by another grade and thickness. Steelwork contractors and engineers should be familiar with the importance of several factors: thickness, yield strength, ratio of yield to ultimate strengths, impact toughness, weldability, and quality. Although it may appear that a substitute steel with higher yield strength and/or thicker sections may be beneficial because it will provide more strength, its impact energy may not comply with the code requirements and weldability might be adversely affected. Thicker steel imposes several penalties. Both BS 5950 2 (clause 2.4.4) and BS 5400 3 (clause 6.5) show that moving to a thicker substitute and/or higher yield strength may require higher impact toughness and higher weld preheat temperatures to prevent cracking. Steels with inferior impact toughness should not be accepted. For instance, a steel with a designation for 27J at 0°C should not be used to replace a steel designated
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