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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 556 Trusses x x x x x vertical bracing to plate girders internal bracing to box girder i erection J front 1 tranverse vertical bracing 2 longitudinal vertical bracing 3 plan bracing x x (1) (1) (1) 1) vertical bracing 2) plan bracing I x — _n site joint temporary — support trestles (a) (b) (c) (d) plan bracing between trusses Fig. 19.7 Other applications of trusses. (a) Bracing to single-storey building; (b) bracing to multi-storey building; (c) typical bracing to bridges; (d) other uses
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) used to support medium- to large-span bridges over land during erection: see Fig. 19.7(d). 19.9 Rigid-jointed Vierendeel girders 19.9.1 Use of Vierendeel girders Vierendeel girders, unlike trusses or lattice girders, are rigidly-jointed open-web girders having only vertical members between the top and bottom chords. The chords are normally parallel or near parallel; some typical forms are shown in Fig. 19.8(a). The elements in Vierendeel girders are subjected to bending, axial and shear stress, unlike conventional trusses with diagonal web members where the members are primarily designed for axial loads. Vierendeel girders are usually more expensive than conventional trusses and their use is limited to instances where diagonal web members are either obtrusive or undesirable. Vierendeel girders in bridges are rare; they are more commonly used in buildings where access for circulation or a large number of services is required within the depth of the girder. The economic proportions and span lengths are similar to those of the parallel chord trusses already discussed in section 19.2. 19.9.2 Analysis Rigid-jointed Vierendeel girders 557 Vierendeel girders are statically indeterminate structures but various manual methods of analysis have been developed. The statically determinate method assumes pin joints at the mid-points of the verticals and chords of each panel. The method, however, is only suitable for girders with parallel chords of constant stiffness and when the loads are applied at the node points. Various modified moment distribution methods have been developed for the analysis of Vierendeel girders which allow for inclined chords, chords of different stiffness in the panels and member widening at the node positions. The use of computers offers the most accurate and efficient way of analysing Vierendeel girders, particularly those with inclined chords, chords of varying stiffness and when the loading is not applied at the node positions. A further advantage of computer analysis is that joint rotations and deflections are easily calculated. Plastic theory may be applied to the design of Vierendeel girders in a similar way to its application to other rigid frames such as portal frames. Failure of the structure, as a whole, generally results from local failure of a small number of its members to form a mechanism. Once the failure mode is established the chords and vertical are designed against failure. Computer programs are available for the plastic analysis of plane frameworks including Vierendeel arrangements.
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