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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 674 Bolts large and thick to span the hole. Large diameter washers to BS 4320 10 may be required. Normal clearance holes as given for ordinary bolts are usually used for HSFG fasteners (see BS 5950-1 Table 36), but it is permissible to use oversize, short or long slotted holes provided standard hardened washers are used over the holes in the outer plies and not just under the turned part (see clause 6.4.6.2). Oversize and short slotted holes may be used in all plies but long slotted holes may only be used in one single ply in any connection. If a long slotted hole occurs in an outer ply it should be covered with a washer plate longer than the slot and at least 8 mm thick. The assessment of the slip resistance is affected when oversize or slotted holes are used. The constant Ks (clause 6.4.2 of BS 5950), which is 1.0 for bolts in clearance holes, is reduced to 0.85 and 0.7 as given in paragraph 23.5.2. 23.3.2 Spacing of fasteners, end and edge distances Spacing is covered fully in Section 6.2 of BS 5950-1:2000, summarized as follows: Minimum requirements (see Fig. 23.1) Centres of fasteners 2.5d Edge or end distances rolled, sawn, planed or machine flame cut 1.25D sheared or hand flame cut 1.4D 2.5d cts 1 .4D to end, in direction of stress, ' 'to sheared edge or hand flame cut edge 1 250 to rolled, sawn, planed or - machine flame cut edge 1 .4D to sheared edge or hand flame cut edge 44 2. 5d ,1.25Dto end, in direction of stress, to rolled, , sawn, planed or machine flame cut edge where d = fastener diameter D = hole diameter Fig. 23.1 Minimum dimensions (see Table in Appendix)
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) The full bearing value of a bolt through a connected part cannot be developed if the end distance is less than 2D. For end distances between 1.4D and 2D the bearing value is proportionally reduced. The minimum end distance for the full bearing value in the case of parallel shank HSFG bolts is 3d (see below). Maximum requirements (see Fig. 23.2) Centres of fasteners in the direction of stress 14t where t is the thickness of the thinner element. Edge distances Distance to the nearest line of fasteners from the edge of an unstiffened part 11te In corrosive environments Centres of fasteners in any direction 16t or 200 mm Edge distances 4t + 40 mm d = fastener diameter D = hole diameter t = thickness of the thinner outside ply 16t or 200 mm in any direction in corrosive environment 14t in the direction of the stress 1 4t in the direction of the stress Fig. 23.2 Maximum dimensions (see Table in Appendix) Geometric considerations 675 iit or 40 mm + 4t in corrosive conditions
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