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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 212 Other structural applications of steel welding can offer ‘invisible connections’ within certain limitations. The following should be considered: • The type of welding technique and position required to form a connection • Butt welding can be ground flush whereas fillet welds cannot • The type of weld testing required to verify connection adequacy • The effects of heat distortion on the structural strength and geometry • The effect of welding on shop-applied finishes. Where connections are aesthetically critical, sample workmanship should always be called for as a basis for selecting a contractor. Samples should be kept as a record against which to judge finished workmanship. Steelwork will require a paint finish for reasons of aesthetics and durability. Paint technology provides an ever increasing number of options. However, the choice can be guided by consideration of the following criteria: • The steelwork fabricator who delivers and erects the steel will inevitably damage any paint applied at the works no matter how carefully the protection measures are prepared. • The contractor who has a very tight programme may like to see primer, undercoat and finish coat on the steelwork applied at the works since it may be very difficult to apply the finish in high-level steelwork without extensive temporary works. • Very hard paint finishes are more difficult to damage although when the inevitable occurs they are usually more difficult to repair to a good standard. • If the finish-coat is applied on site, some parts of the steelwork may be difficult to reach and the standard of finish will not be as good as that achieved in the paint shop. • Unless touching up to damaged areas is very minor, the result is unlikely to be satisfactory and therefore a full site applied decorative finish may prove necessary. • The choice of system will also depend on the fabricator’s paint shop and its relationship with the paint supplier. 5.5.2.4 Erection The engineer should always consider the erection method for a structure. In the case of atria this may be of particular concern for the following reasons; • The site is constrained by surrounding buildings • The application of load to existing structures to be carefully controlled • The need to precamber the geometry • Restrictions on the location, reach and capacity of craneage
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) • Limits on the size of components • The formation of neat site connections • Safe access for operatives for the erection of the primary structure, cladding and other items. The erection methodology may preclude the use of some structural forms. It is, therefore, essential to consider this aspect at concept stage. 5.5.2.5 Procurement An atrium structure will have several complex interfaces: • The cladding • Cleaning equipment • Supporting structure The management of these interfaces is critical to the successful implementation of the design. If the structure, cladding, etc are procured through separate contracts it is even more critical to define the technical requirements and responsibilities at interfaces. The following issues should be addressed: • Forces and movements to be accommodated • Compatibility requirements of materials • Design responsibility for components and fixings • Definition of overall theoretical and as-built geometry. It can be convenient to incorporate several packages of work into a single contract. This can reduce risk associated with the management of interfaces. This route may increase cost due to the increased responsibilities carried by the contractor. 5.5.2.6 Maintenance Atria 213 Ongoing and long term cleaning and maintenance will be required and may impact on the design. Ongoing work will require a simple safe means of access. It will be necessary to account for the loading and connection of gantries, walkways, harness points, etc., in the design of the primary structure. Long term maintenance could be facilitated by independent access systems such as scaffolding. The main impact on the design of the structure will be the quality of the specification. The life to first maintenance of the finishes and components will increase with initial cost. This needs to be balanced by the costs of the maintenance activity.The client should be consulted on the options available and choose the most
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