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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) The Steel Construction Institute Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN Worked examples 841 Subject Chapter ref. FOUNDATION EXAMPLE 14 Design code Made by HB HB Sheet no. BS5950: BS 5950: Part Part 1 Checked by GWO GWO The base plate panel between the stiffeners should be checked using the Pounder expressions given in Chapter 30 as follows – the panel is shown below. Base plate L B K Kme , the Pounder expression for moment, in the centre of the long edge, when all four edges are encastre, is given below: Kme = K È 1 + ( - k)+ ( - K) ˘ ÎÍ ˚˙ = 11 35 1 79 141 1 2 0. 9796 wme , the ultimate load intensity is given by: W me = 406 170 = 238 . = 4 238 . 4 238 . + 1 = 097 . = 275 ¥ 12 ¥ 1. 2 ¥ t 2 6 ¥ 170 [ K ] me 3 669 ¥ 10 2 2 fc = = 558 . N/ mm , cf . fc = 498 . N/ mm for n = 02 . m 600 ¥ 200 The plate thickness of 16 mm is therefore satisfactory. 2 27 13 3 B
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) Chapter 28 Bearings and joints by STEPHEN MATTHEWS 28.1 Introduction 28.1.1 Movement All structures move to some extent. Movements may be permanent and irreversible or short-term and possibly reversible. The effects can be significant in terms of the behaviour of the structure, its performance during its lifetime, and the continued integrity of the materials from which it is built. Movements can arise from a variety of sources: (1) environmental: thermal, humidity, wind-induced. (2) material properties: creep, shrinkage. (3) loading: axial and flexural strains, impact, braking, traction, centrifugal forces. (4) external sources: tilt, settlement, subsidence, seismic loads. (5) use of the building: heating, cold storage. (6) others: requirements for moving or lifting bridges, allowances for jacking procedures, during or after construction. In general it is necessary to consider the behaviour of the structure at each point in terms of its possible movement in each of three principal directions, together with any associated rotations. The movements of a structure are not in themselves detrimental; the problems arise where movements are restrained, either by the way in which the structure is connected to the ground, or by surrounding elements such as claddings, adjacent buildings, or other fixed or more rigid items. If provision is not made for such movements and associated forces it is possible that they will lead to, or contribute towards, deterioration in one or more elements. Deterioration in this context can range from, for example, cracking or disturbance of the finishes on a building to buckling or failure of primary structural elements due to large forces developed through inadvertent restraint. Note that for bridges with total lengths of up to 60 m, it is possible to dispense with bearings and expansion joints through use of abutments and piers which are designed to be integral with the bridge deck. Further guidance on this topic can be found in Reference 1. 842
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