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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 600 Worked example The Steel Construction Institute Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN Subject Chapter ref. DESIGN OF COMPOSITE SLAB Design code Made by RML Sheet no. BS 5950: Part 4 Checked by GWO Second moment of area of cracked section Equation 20.4 I 3 51. 3 2 + 0. 0145 ¥ 100 ¥ ( 100 -51. 5) + 649 3¥ 15 = 3035 + 3411 + 649 c = 4 = 7095 mm / mm width ( in steel units ) Service load on composite slab w s = 5.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 = 6.5 kN/m 2 Deflection under service load 4 -3 5 ¥ 6. 5 ¥ 2900 ¥ 10 d = 3 384 ¥ 205 ¥ 10 ¥ 7095 = 4. 1mm ( or span/ 707) This is satisfactory. Note: Mesh reinforcement is required for crack control and fire resistance requirements. 20 7
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) Chapter 21 Composite beams by MARK LAWSON and PETER WICKENS 21.1 Applications of composite beams In buildings and bridges, steel beams often support concrete slabs. Under load each component acts independently with relative movement or slip occurring at the interface. If the components are connected so that slip is eliminated, or considerably reduced, then the slab and steel beam act together as a composite unit (Fig. 21.1). There is a consequent increase in the strength and stiffness of the composite beam relative to the sum of the components. The slab may be solid in situ concrete or the composite deck slab considered in Chapter 20. It may also comprise precast concrete units with an in situ concrete topping. In buildings, steel beams are usually of standard UB scction, but UC and asymmetric beam sections are sometimes used where there is need to minimize the beam depth.A typical building under construction is shown in Fig. 21.2.Welded fabricated sections are often used for long-span beams in buildings and bridges. Design of composite beams in buildings is now covered by BS 5950: Part 3, 1 although guidance was formerly available in an SCI publication. 2 The design of composite beams incorporating composite slabs is affected by the shape and orientation of the decking, as indicated in Fig. 21.3. One of the advantages of composite construction is smaller construction depths. Services can usually be passed beneath, but there are circumstances where the beam depth is such that services can be passed through the structure, either by forming large openings, or by special design of the structural system. A good example of this is the stub-girder. 3 The bottom chord is a steel section and the upper chord is the concrete slab. Short steel sections or ‘stubs’ are introduced to transfer the forces between the chords. Openings through the beam webs can be provided for services. Typically, these can be up to 70% of the beam depth and can be rectangular or circular in shape. Guidance on the design of composite beams with web openings is given in Reference 4. Examples of the above methods of introducing services within the structure are shown in Fig. 21.4. 21.2 Economy Composite beam construction has a number of advantages over non-composite construction: 601
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