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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) KIL KBL (a) (c) ' Ku / KTR K: -L pinned k1 1 .C , e\ N :; — — - - 0.8 - - — - 0.7 H 0.1 fixed 0 0 0.2 pinned 10 fixed — . — (d) . '.. —ç -- - - N,;.\\ \ .: 0.4 0.6 (b) : : z.. \\ 0.8 1.0 pinned 0.8 : S 07 - ; z :: Jr .... N k1 0., 0.4 0 ..... \\\ - \\ .. .' - , \ \ .- . ;., : -\ -. 0.2 \__' \ \ \ \ 0.1 fixed o 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 fixed Effective lengths 419 pinned Fig. 15.12 Limited frames and corresponding effective length charts of BS 5950: Part 1. (a) Limited frame and (b) effective length ratios (k 3 =•), for non-sway frames. (c) Limited frame and (d) effective length ratios (without partial bracing, k 3 = 0), for sway frames length charts. For the former, the factors will vary between 0.5 and 1.0 depending on the values of k1 and k2, while for the latter, the variation will be between 1.0 and •. These end points correspond to cases of: rotationally fixed ends with no sway and rotationally free ends with no sway; rotationally fixed ends with free sway and rotationally free ends with free sway. For beams not rigidly connected to the column or for situations in which significant plasticity either at a beam end or at either column end would prevent the
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 420 Columns and struts restraint being transferred into the column, the K (and thus the k) values must be suitably modified. Similarly at column bases, k2 values, in keeping with the degree of restraint provided, should be used. Guidance is also provided on K values for beams, distinguishing between both non-sway and sway cases and beams supporting concrete floors and bare steelwork. A further pair of charts permits modest degrees of partial restraint against sway, as might be provided for example by infill panels, to be allowed for in slightly reducing effective length values for sway frames. Full details of the background to this approach to the determination of effective lengths in rigidly jointed sway, partially braced and non-sway frames may be found in the work of Wood. 4 15.8 Special types of strut The design of two types of strut requires that certain additional points be considered: (1) built-up sections or compound struts (Fig. 15.13), for which the behaviour of the individual components must be taken into account (2) angles, channels and tees (Fig. 15.14), for which the eccentricity of loading produced by normal forms of end connection must be acknowledged. Fig. 15.13 Built-up struts side column valley column
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