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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 0 U) 0 U) — CD 2. n . C - Pl 0 C/, — C s O() 2. 3— 0 Jq a. Bearings 851 Fig. 28.5 Mechanical bearings: (a) single/multiple roller, (b) cylindrical/spherical rocker, (c) cylindrical knuckle, (d) knuckle leaf, (e) swing link, (f) spherical – with sliding top plate, (g) cylindrical PTFE bearings combined to form ‘anticlastic’ bearing, (h) ‘pot’ bearing which can have sliding top plate similar to (f) (3) Knuckle bearings (Fig. 28.5(c)). These are similar to rocker bearings. (4) Leaf bearings (Fig. 28.5(d)). These are formed of leaves of steel with a common pin.They will carry large vertical loads and permit large rotations about the axis U)— C C)
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 852 Bearings and joints of the pin but not transversely. They have the benefit that they can be designed to resist uplift. It should be noted, however, that they are unlikely to be anything other than produced to order and that there may be other means of controlling comparatively small uplifts (e.g.‘pot’ type bearing with separate vertical restraints). Leaf bearings have been used in suspension bridges to form the swing link bearings which are necessary to cater for large movements and uplifts (Fig. 28.5(e)). (5) Spherical (PTFE, circular) (Fig. 28.5(f)). These comprise a spherical lower surface which is lined with PTFE and a matched upper spherical surface of aluminium or stainless steel. This arrangement allows considerable rotation capacity in all directions. Horizontal translation is frequently achieved using another (flat) sliding surface above the upper part of the bearing. An important consideration with spherical bearings is that in order to withstand any horizontal loads it is necessary to have a minimum co-existent vertical load to prevent instability. Spherical bearings are capable of carrying high vertical loads and also permit higher rotations than many other types. (6) Cylindrical (PTFE) ‘anticlastic’ bearings (Fig. 28.5(g)). These are similar in concept to rocker bearings but instead of using (for example) steel on steel bearing surfaces they have enlarged bearing areas which are coated with PTFE on one surface and stainless steel or aluminium on the other. This produces a bearing with high rotation capabilities about an axis as well as high loadcarrying capacity. One unit can be combined with another similar arrangement to provide rotation about an axis at right angles to the first and also with a sliding plate arrangement to provide translational capability. (7) Disc or ‘pot’ (Fig 28.5(h)). These are often of similar proportions to spherical hearings but instead of a sliding spherical surface being used to provide rotation capability, a disc of elastomeric material is used, confined in a cylindrical pot. Loading is applied to the surface of the disc via a closely fitting steel piston. Under these conditions, the confined elastomer is in a near fluid state, and permits rotation in all directions without significant resistance. Sliding is achieved by means of a PTFE/sliding surface above the piston, in a similar manner to spherical bearings. Disc bearings are popular for many applications, as they tend to be cheaper than spherical bearings but can carry higher loadings than elastomeric-laminated bearings of comparable plan area. They have rotation capabilities intermediate between spherical and laminated bearings. (8) Fabricated. Fabricated bearings have become less popular largely through the availability of a wide range of proprietary units. They are used for footbridges and temporary works applications. There is, however, no reason why properly designed fabricated bearings should not be used to support a structure, particularly, say, for a fixed bearing where there is no requirement for sliding surfaces. Guidance on design of bearings is given in References 2–9. (9) Special. Special bearings will always be required for particular locations. Perhaps the most common demands are for:
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