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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 1060 The Eurocodes imperfections at height/200 (or an equivalent horizontal force) are similar to BS 5950-1. Imperfections of the bracing system are both more rigorous and require more design effort than current UK practice. Frame analysis The analysis is required to take account of the effects of the deformed geometry on the structure. First order analysis may be used where the increases in internal forces and moments are less than 10%. This implies a critical load ratio (lcr), under factored loading, of more than 10; it is equivalent to the BS 5950-1: 2000 ‘nonsway’ frame approach. A range of second order approaches may be used for structures for which gcr is less than 10. These methods include: • effective length approaches • amplification factors • energy methods • formal second order analysis. 36.3.4 Supporting standards Relevant supporting standards include those for: • Steel properties • Tolerances on steel sections and plates • Ordinary bolts • HSFG bolts • Welding electrodes • Fabrication and erection. Steel properties Properties of structural steels are currently given in EN 10025, EN 10113, EN 10137, EN 10155, EN 10210 and EN 10219, the last two covering structural hollow sections. A new edition of EN 10025 is planned that will combine all of these except steel for hollow sections (and may include these also). All of these have been adopted as BS EN standards. Further BS EN standards are available covering steel sheets and strip, both plain and galvanized, for use in cold-formed sections and sheeting. They are already in use in connection with BS 5950 Parts 5, 6, 7 and 9.
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) Tolerances on steel sections and plates Tolerances for plates and for each type of section are similarly given in numerous EN standards adopted as BS ENs. Details are given in BS 5950 Part 2. Ordinary bolts Bolts, nuts and washers are covered in ISO standards in three series commencing with ISO 4014, ISO 4032 and ISO 7089, that have been adopted as BS EN ISO standards. HSFG bolts A new series of standards for high-strength bolts suitable for using as preloaded fasteners in friction grip applications has been under development for some years. It is hoped these may be finalized and agreed by 2002, but this remains to be seen. Welding electrodes A range of EN standards have been developed covering all types of steel welded electrodes, using common strength grades, and adopted as BS ENs. Details are given in BS 5950-2. Fabrication and erection The rules for execution (fabrication and erection) of steel structures originally developed as part of EC3 under the aegis of the European Commission were separated from the ENV version of the design rules and became ENV 1090-1. Parts 2 to 6 of ENV 1090 were subsequently added to cover cold-formed thin gauge sections and sheeting, higher strength steels, structural hollow sections, bridges and stainless steels. These are now being converted to EN status as a single EN 1090. 36.4 EC4 Design of composite steel and concrete structures 36.4.1 Scope and contents EC4 Design of composite steel and concrete structures 1061 Eurocode 4 will come in three parts: 1.1 General rules for buildings, 1.2 Structural fire design and 2 Bridges. This section covers Part 1.1 and compares it with BS 5950 Parts 3.1 and 4. It is based on the latest available draft so some details may change,
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