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Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003)
Table 29.3 Steel pile driving tolerances (TESPA) 18
Pile driving and installation 899
Type of pile and method of driving For pitch and For panel drive
drive method or method
over water
Deviation normal to the wall centre line at pile head ±50 mm ±50 mm
Dependent on Dependent on
Finished level deviation from a specified level
equipment used equipment used
of pile head, after trim ±20 mm ±20 mm
of pile toe
Deviation from specified inclination measured
over the top 1 m of wall
±120 mm ±120 mm
Normal to line of piles ±1% ±1%
Along line of piles ±1% ±0.5%
Specification for piling 19 and specifications issued by the Federation of Piling
Specialists, 17 the CEN Standard EN 12063 Execution of special geotechnical works
– Sheet-pile walls, 29 and the TESPA publication Installation of steel sheet piles. 18
Table 29.3 is included in the TESPA publication and represents tolerance levels
for sheet piling which should not be too onerous to achieve but will give results
which are visually acceptable – an important feature for permanent exposed sheet
piling.
Accuracy of alignment will also be affected by pile stiffness, the driving equipment,
and the experience of the workforce. Use of pile guide frames, which are often
formed from universal beams aligned with their webs horizontal, will ensure that
good alignment of the sheet piles is achieved.
29.3.2 Environmental factors: noise and vibration prediction
Increasing attention has been directed to environmental factors with regard to
driven piles in recent years. Although the duration of the piling contract may be
short in comparison with the whole contract period, noise and vibration perception
may be more acute during the piling phase. Human perception is very intolerant of
noise and vibration or shock transmitted through the ground, and tolerance requires
careful prior education of the public. Efforts made to advise the public and to plan
the precise times of driving carefully can reassure those likely to be affected in the
vicinity of a pile installation and can result in the necessary cooperation.
In the UK, the Control of Pollution Act (1974) provides a legislative framework
for, amongst other things, the control of construction site noise. The Act defines
noise as including vibration and provides for the publication and approval of
codes of practice, the approved code being BS 5228. 42 Part 4 of the code deals specifically
with piling noise. This code was revised in 1992 to include guidance on
vibration.