Steel Designers Manual - TheBestFriend.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 622 Composite beams 25 mm or 1.250. minimum dimensions unless stated Fig. 21.15 Geometric limits on location of shear-connectors 21.7.6 Longitudinal shear transfer 100 mm II 1 • looped bars : slab In order to transfer the thrust from the shear-connectors into the slab, without splitting, the strength of the slab in longitudinal shear should be checked. The strength is further influenced by the presence of pre-existing cracks along the beam as a result of the bending of the slab over the beam support. The design recommendations used to check the resistance of the slab to longitudinal shear are based on research into the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs. The design longitudinal shear stress which can be transferred is taken as 0.9 N/mm2 for normal weight and 0.7 N/mm2 for lightweight concrete; this strength is relatively insensitive to the grade of concrete. 11 It is first necessary to establish potential planes of longitudinal shear failure around the shear-connectors. Typical cases are shown in Fig. 21.16. The top reinforcement is assumed to develop its full tensile resistance, and is resisted by an equal and opposite compressive force close to the base of the shear-connector. Both top and bottom reinforcement play an important role in preventing splitting of the concrete. The shear resistance per unit length of the beam which is equated to the shear force transferred through each shear plane (in the case of normal weight concrete) is: V = 0.9Ls + 0.7Arfy £ 0.15 Lsfcu (21.16) where Ls is the length of each shear plane considered on a typical cross-section, which may be taken as the mean slab depth in Fig. 21.16(a) or the minimum depth in Fig. 21.16(b). The total area of reinforcement (per unit length) crossing the shear plane is Ar. For an internal beam, the slab shear resistance is therefore 2V. The effect of the decking in resisting longitudinal shear is considerable. Where edge
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) a a a a overlap (a) (b) cover width of decking C b b_______ Fig. 21.16 Potential failure planes through slab in longitudinal shear the decking is continuous over the beams, as in Fig. 21.3(a), or rigidly attached by shear-connectors, there is no test evidence of the splitting mode of failure. It is assumed, therefore, that the deck is able to provide an important role as transverse reinforcement. The term Arfy may be enhanced to include the contribution of the decking, although it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the deck (butt joints) are properly welded by shear-connectors. In this case, the anchorage provided by each weld may be taken as 4f tspy, where f is the stud diameter, ts is the sheet thickness, and py is the strength of the sheet steel. Dividing by the stud spacing gives the equivalent shear resistance per unit length provided by the decking. Where the decking is laid parallel to the beams, longitudinal shear failure can occur through the sheet-to-sheet overlap close to the line of studs. Failure is assessed assuming the shear force transferred diminishes linearly across the slab to zero at a distance of Bc/2. Therefore, the effective shear force that is transferred across the longitudinal overlaps is (1 – cover width of decking/effective breadth) ¥ shear force. The shear resistance at overlaps excludes the effect of the decking. To prevent splitting of the slab at edge beams, the distance between the line of shear-connectors and the edge of the slab should not be less than 100 mm. When this distance is between 100 mm and 300 mm, additional reinforcement in the form of U bars located below the head of the shear-connectors is to be provided. 12 No additional reinforcement (other than that for transverse reinforcement) need be provided where the edge of the slab is more than 300 mm from the shearconnectors. 21.7.7 Interaction of shear and moment in composite beams Basic design 623 Vertical shear can cause a reduction in the plastic moment resistance of a composite beam where high moment and shear co-exist at the same position along the beam
Page 2 and 3:
Full Page Ad, 3mm Bleed
Page 4 and 5:
This material is copyright - all ri
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
V /\/\/\ viv viv viv viv viv \ ' "
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
Page 590 and 591:
Page 592 and 593:
Page 594 and 595:
Page 596 and 597:
Page 598 and 599:
Page 600 and 601:
Page 602 and 603:
Page 604 and 605:
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
Page 612 and 613:
Page 614 and 615: This material is copyright - all ri
Page 714 and 715:
Page 716 and 717:
Page 718 and 719:
Page 720 and 721:
Page 722 and 723:
Page 724 and 725:
Page 726 and 727:
Page 728 and 729:
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
Page 740 and 741:
Page 742 and 743:
Page 744 and 745:
Page 746 and 747:
Page 748 and 749:
Page 750 and 751:
Page 752 and 753:
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
Page 760 and 761:
Page 762 and 763:
Page 764 and 765:
Page 766 and 767:
Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
Page 774 and 775:
Page 776 and 777:
Page 778 and 779:
Page 780 and 781:
Page 782 and 783:
Page 784 and 785:
Page 786 and 787:
Page 788 and 789:
Page 790 and 791:
Page 792 and 793:
Page 794 and 795:
Page 796 and 797:
Page 798 and 799:
Page 800 and 801:
Page 802 and 803:
Page 804 and 805:
Page 806 and 807:
Page 808 and 809:
Page 810 and 811:
Page 812 and 813:
Page 814 and 815:
Page 816 and 817:
Page 818 and 819:
Page 820 and 821:
Page 822 and 823:
Page 824 and 825:
Page 826 and 827:
Page 828 and 829:
Page 830 and 831:
Page 832 and 833:
Page 834 and 835:
Page 836 and 837:
Page 838 and 839:
Page 840 and 841:
Page 842 and 843:
Page 844 and 845:
Page 846 and 847:
Page 848 and 849:
Page 850 and 851:
Page 852 and 853:
Page 854 and 855:
Page 856 and 857:
Page 858 and 859:
Page 860 and 861:
Page 862 and 863:
Page 864 and 865:
Page 866 and 867:
Page 868 and 869:
Page 870 and 871:
Page 872 and 873:
Page 874 and 875:
Page 876 and 877:
Page 878 and 879:
Page 880 and 881:
Page 882 and 883:
Page 884 and 885:
Page 886 and 887:
Page 888 and 889:
Page 890 and 891:
Page 892 and 893:
Page 894 and 895:
Page 896 and 897:
Page 898 and 899:
Page 900 and 901:
Page 902 and 903:
Page 904 and 905:
Page 906 and 907:
Page 908 and 909:
Page 911 and 912:
Page 913 and 914:
Page 915 and 916:
Page 917 and 918:
Page 919 and 920:
Page 921 and 922:
Page 923 and 924:
Page 925 and 926:
Page 927 and 928:
Page 929 and 930:
Page 931 and 932:
Page 933 and 934:
Page 935 and 936:
Page 937 and 938:
Page 939 and 940:
Page 941 and 942:
Page 943 and 944:
Page 945 and 946:
Page 947 and 948:
Page 949:
Page 952 and 953:
Page 954 and 955:
Page 956 and 957:
Page 958 and 959:
Page 960 and 961:
Page 962 and 963:
Page 964 and 965:
Page 966 and 967:
Page 968 and 969:
Page 970 and 971:
Page 972 and 973:
Page 974 and 975:
Page 976 and 977:
Page 978 and 979:
Page 980 and 981:
Page 982 and 983:
Page 984 and 985:
Page 986 and 987:
Page 988 and 989:
Page 990 and 991:
Page 992 and 993:
Page 995 and 996:
Page 997 and 998:
Page 999 and 1000:
Page 1001 and 1002:
Page 1003 and 1004:
Page 1005 and 1006:
Page 1007 and 1008:
Page 1009 and 1010:
Page 1011 and 1012:
Page 1013 and 1014:
Page 1015 and 1016:
Page 1017:
Page 1020 and 1021:
Page 1022 and 1023:
Page 1024 and 1025:
Page 1026 and 1027:
Page 1028 and 1029:
Page 1030 and 1031:
Page 1032 and 1033:
Page 1034 and 1035:
Page 1036 and 1037:
Page 1038 and 1039:
Page 1040 and 1041:
Page 1042 and 1043:
Page 1044 and 1045:
Page 1046 and 1047:
Page 1048 and 1049:
Page 1050 and 1051:
Page 1052 and 1053:
Page 1054 and 1055:
Page 1056 and 1057:
Page 1058 and 1059:
Page 1060 and 1061:
Page 1062 and 1063:
Page 1064 and 1065:
Page 1066 and 1067:
Page 1068 and 1069:
Page 1070 and 1071:
Page 1072 and 1073:
Page 1074 and 1075:
Page 1076 and 1077:
Page 1079 and 1080:
Page 1081 and 1082:
Page 1083 and 1084:
Page 1085 and 1086:
Page 1087 and 1088:
Page 1089 and 1090:
Page 1091 and 1092:
Page 1093 and 1094:
Page 1095 and 1096:
Page 1097 and 1098:
Page 1099 and 1100:
Page 1101 and 1102:
Page 1103 and 1104:
Page 1105 and 1106:
Page 1107 and 1108:
Page 1109 and 1110:
Page 1111 and 1112:
Page 1113 and 1114:
Page 1115 and 1116:
Page 1117 and 1118:
Page 1119 and 1120:
Page 1121 and 1122:
Page 1123 and 1124:
Page 1125 and 1126:
Page 1127 and 1128:
Page 1129 and 1130:
Page 1131 and 1132:
Page 1133 and 1134:
Page 1135 and 1136:
Page 1137 and 1138:
Page 1139 and 1140:
Page 1141 and 1142:
Page 1143 and 1144:
Page 1145 and 1146:
Page 1147 and 1148:
Page 1149 and 1150:
Page 1151 and 1152:
Page 1153 and 1154:
Page 1155 and 1156:
Page 1157 and 1158:
Page 1159 and 1160:
Page 1161 and 1162:
Page 1163 and 1164:
Page 1165 and 1166:
Page 1167 and 1168:
Page 1169 and 1170:
Page 1171 and 1172:
Page 1173 and 1174:
Page 1175 and 1176:
Page 1177 and 1178:
Page 1179 and 1180:
Page 1181 and 1182:
Page 1183 and 1184:
Page 1185 and 1186:
Page 1187 and 1188:
Page 1189 and 1190:
Page 1191 and 1192:
Page 1193 and 1194:
Page 1195 and 1196:
Page 1197 and 1198:
Page 1199 and 1200:
Page 1201 and 1202:
Page 1203 and 1204:
Page 1205 and 1206:
Page 1207 and 1208:
Page 1209 and 1210:
Page 1211 and 1212:
Page 1213 and 1214:
Page 1215 and 1216:
Page 1217 and 1218:
Page 1219 and 1220:
Page 1221 and 1222:
Page 1223 and 1224:
Page 1225 and 1226:
Page 1227 and 1228:
Page 1229 and 1230:
Page 1231 and 1232:
Page 1233 and 1234:
Page 1235 and 1236:
Page 1237 and 1238:
Page 1239 and 1240:
Page 1241 and 1242:
Page 1243 and 1244:
Page 1245 and 1246:
Page 1247 and 1248:
Page 1249 and 1250:
Page 1251 and 1252:
Page 1253 and 1254:
Page 1255 and 1256:
Page 1257 and 1258:
Page 1259 and 1260:
Page 1261 and 1262:
Page 1263 and 1264:
Page 1265 and 1266:
Page 1267 and 1268:
Page 1269 and 1270:
Page 1271 and 1272:
Page 1273 and 1274:
Page 1275 and 1276:
Page 1277 and 1278:
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
Page 1283 and 1284:
Page 1285 and 1286:
Page 1287 and 1288:
Page 1289 and 1290:
Page 1291 and 1292:
Page 1293 and 1294:
Page 1295 and 1296:
Page 1297 and 1298:
Page 1299 and 1300:
Page 1301 and 1302:
Page 1303 and 1304:
Page 1305 and 1306:
Page 1307 and 1308:
Page 1309 and 1310:
Page 1311 and 1312:
Page 1313 and 1314:
Page 1315 and 1316:
Page 1317 and 1318:
Page 1319 and 1320:
Page 1321 and 1322:
Page 1323 and 1324:
Page 1325 and 1326:
Page 1327 and 1328:
Page 1329 and 1330:
Page 1331 and 1332:
Page 1333 and 1334:
Page 1335 and 1336:
Page 1337 and 1338:
Page 1339 and 1340:
Page 1341 and 1342:
Page 1343 and 1344:
Page 1345 and 1346:
Page 1347 and 1348:
Page 1349 and 1350:
Page 1351 and 1352:
Page 1353 and 1354:
Page 1355 and 1356:
Page 1357 and 1358:
Page 1359 and 1360:
Page 1361 and 1362:
Page 1363 and 1364:
Page 1365 and 1366:
Page 1367 and 1368:
Page 1369 and 1370:
show all

Steel Designers Manual - TheBestFriend.org

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?