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This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) 902 Steel piles Table 29.4 Sacrificial thicknesses for piling according to BS 8002 8 Exposure zone Sacrificial thickness (for one side of the pile only) (mm/year) Atmospheric 0.035 (mean) Continuous immersion in water or effluent 0.035 (mean) In contact with natural soil 0.015 (max) Splash and alternating wet/dry conditions 0.075 (mean) It should be noted that the corrosion allowances apply to unprotected steel piles. Although it is generally cost effective to provide the sacrificial steel thickness, consideration can alternatively be given to the following corrosion protection options: • Protective coatings, particularly in the exposed section of the pile. • Cathodic protection in soil below the water table or in a marine environment. Details of these options are given in the British Steel Piling Handbook. 20 29.4.3 Corrosion in fill or industrial soils Buildings can be constructed in areas of recent fill or industrial soils. Corrosion protection of the steel in contact with the fill material may be required, and this can be assessed by testing the material for pH and resistivity. The nature of in situ fill soils can be variable, and a full soil analysis is required to assess the likely corrosion performance of steel in the environment. Soil tests to determine the pH of the soil should be in accordance with BS 1377-3 53 and as directed by the contract to determine resistivity. Other tests may be relevant, and most of these are reviewed in CIRIA’ s series of reports on contaminated land (contact CIRIA for further details). In a controlled fill, no special measures are required, and the same corrosion rates as in natural undisturbed soils can be assumed. Corus (formerly British Steel) has undertaken significant research and development into corrosion of steel and corrosion protection. Further advice on corrosion assessment and protection can be obtained from Corus Construction Centre or from The Steel Construction Institute. 29.4.4 Corrosion and structural forces It is not immediately obvious whether the start of in-service life case or the end-ofdesign-life case will be the most critical for the structural design of retaining walls. At the end-of-design-life, the reduced stiffness of the corroded steel pile will permit
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 12/2/2007 To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/ Steel Designers' Manual - 6th Edition (2003) increased deflection, which will in turn reduce the soil pressures acting upon it (and therefore the induced moments and shears). As the corrosion loss allowance varies along the pile according to the corrosion environment, the designer should consider that the maximum corrosion may not occur at the same level as the maximum section stresses. The reduced (corroded) section properties can be obtained either by calculation or from the British Steel Piling Handbook 20 or other Corus brochure. References to Chapter 29 References 903 1. British Standards Institution (1998) BS EN 10025: Hot rolled products of nonalloy structural steels. Technical delivery conditions. BSI, London. 2. American Petroleum Institute (1995) API 5L: Specifications for steel linepipe. API. 3. European Committee for Standardization (1998) ENV 1993: Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 5: Piling. CEN. 4. American Petroleum Institute (1993) API Recommended practice 2A-LRFD (RP2A-LRFD), 1st Edition, Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms – load and resistance factor design. API. 5. International Organization for Standardization (1995) 13819-2: Petroleum and natural gas industries: offshore structures Part 2: Fixed steel structures. ISO. 6. European Committee for Standardization (1994) ENV 1997: Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules. CEN. 7. British Standards Institution (1995) Draft for Development DD ENV 1997-1: 1995 Eurocode 7. Geotechnical design. General rules (together with United Kingdom National Application Document). BSI, London. 8. British Standards Institution (1994) BS 8002: 1994: Code of practice for earth retaining structure. BSI, London. 9. British Standards Institution (1988, 2000) BS 6349: Maritime structures, Part 1 2000 Code of practice for general criteria, Part 2 1988 Design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins. BSI, London. 10. British Standards Institution (1969) BS 449: Specification for the use of structural steel in building. BSI, London. 11. Biddle, A.R. (1997) Steel bearing piles guide. The Steel Construction Institute, Ascot. 12. British Standards Institution (1986) BS 8004: 1986. Code of practice for foundations. BSI, London. 13. OASYS (YEAR) Geotechnical suite of programs. ALP – Laterally loaded pile analysis, PILE: Vertical pile capacity, FREW Flexible retaining wall analysis, SAFE Soil analysis using finite elements. Ove Arup Oasys Ltd, London. 14. Elson W.K. (1984) Design of laterally-loaded piles, CIRIA Report 103. CIRIA, London. 15. Poulos H.J. & Davis E.H. (1980) Pile foundation analysis and design. John Wiley and Sons.
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