axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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nugzar mgelaZe<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
demonTa samyaro samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelos miToreligiaSi<br />
(1. lompapi <strong>da</strong> kudianebi)<br />
`demonologia~ farTo Sinaarsis cnebaa. TeologiaSi arsebobs azri, rom igi zogad<br />
StrixebSi `<strong>da</strong>cemuli angelosebis~ arqiteqtonikas _ arssa <strong>da</strong> bunebas swavlobs. miTologiur<br />
personaJTa SedgenilobiT demonTa samyaro gansakuTrebiT rTuli agebulebisaa.<br />
Sexedulebebi demonuri Zalebis Sesaxeb kacobriobis istoriis uZveles safexurebze<br />
iRebs saTaves. am tipis RvTaebebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva epoqebsa (antikuri periodi, Suasaukuneebi)<br />
<strong>da</strong> qveynebSi (aziisa <strong>da</strong> evropis qveynebi) gansxvavebul funqciur Sinaarsac atareb<strong>da</strong>.^drosa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sivrceSi gansxvavebulobis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, Sinagani wyobiT, demonebSi gansaxierebuli<br />
miTologiuri personaJebi <strong>da</strong> maTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli rwmena-warmodgenebi<br />
erTmaneTs sagrZnoblad uaxlovdebodnen. es siaxlove gansakuTrebiT yofaSi _ cxovrebiseul<br />
ciklSi vlindebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
`demoni~ anu berZnuli `<strong>da</strong>imon~ orfikebTan <strong>da</strong> piTagorelebTan mfarvel suls aRniSnav<strong>da</strong><br />
1 , Tumca keTilismyofeli funqciis gar<strong>da</strong> berZnul miTologiaSi `demoni~ ganzogadebuli<br />
warmodgena iyo ganusazRvrel <strong>da</strong> gauformebel RvTaebriv Zalaze, romelic,<br />
xSirad, a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebiseul bedze axden<strong>da</strong> zegavlenas. `demoni~ uecrad warmoSobad<br />
<strong>da</strong> uecrad qrobad saSiS sabediswiro Zalas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>,^romlis saxeldeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> romelTanac urTierTobis <strong>da</strong>myareba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. moulodnelad Tavs<strong>da</strong>tydomis<br />
procesSi demons garkveuli moqmedeba elviseburad mohqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> imavdroulad<br />
ukvalod qrebo<strong>da</strong>. a. losevis SexedulebiT am funqciaSi Cans uecari preanimizmis<br />
rudimentebi 2 . adre, olimpiuri RmerTebic demonebad iwodebodnen, magram mxolod maSin,<br />
roca ganzogadebuli saxiT warmoidgendnen an maT ganusazRvrel mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen,<br />
e. i. roca RmerTi Tavs individualurad ar avlen<strong>da</strong>. specialur literaturaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenilia demonebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli zogadi niSnebi. isini a<strong>da</strong>mianebze uSualod<br />
zemoqmedebdnen, xiblavdnen, umzadebdnen ubedurebas, usuraTebdnen arasasiamovno<br />
sizmrebs. aseve, maT a<strong>da</strong>mianebis gzaze <strong>da</strong>yenebac SeeZloT. aseT gzas ki a<strong>da</strong>mianebi^ umetesad<br />
katastrofamde mihyav<strong>da</strong>. demonebi a<strong>da</strong>mianSi ama Tu im azrs badebdnen, beds uTanabrdebodnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri cxovrebis yvela mxares Tavisi gavlenis sferoSi aqcevdnen.<br />
arsebobdnen <strong>da</strong>badebis, sikeTisa <strong>da</strong> borotebis demonebi. a<strong>da</strong>mianis xasiaTic a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
demoni iyo. yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians Tavisi demoni hyav<strong>da</strong>. demonebi agreTve <strong>da</strong>bali safexuris<br />
RvTaebebad, RmerTebsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris Suamavlebad gaiazrebodnen. romaul miTologiaSi<br />
berZnul demons `genia~ Seesatyvisebo<strong>da</strong> 3 .<br />
berZnebSi demonebi mfarveli sulis gamoxatulebac iyo.^ukve adreqristianul warmodgenebSi<br />
isini borot xatebsa <strong>da</strong> Smag Zalebs konkretulad <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong>. titanur-demonuri<br />
bunebis amosavali qTonuri <strong>da</strong> Ramiseuli arsi gax<strong>da</strong>. warmarTulSi titanurma<br />
ukve qristianul epoqaSi demonuri iersaxe miiRo 4 . qristianoba demonologiur memkvidreobas<br />
universaluri tradiciebi<strong>da</strong>n iTviseb<strong>da</strong>, Tumca qristianul samyaroSi tradiciuli<br />
kulturis matareblebisaTvis qristes binaruli opozicia@ Tu polaruli persona-<br />
Ji _ antiqriste <strong>da</strong> eSmakiseul msoflmxedvelobaze agebuli demonur ZalTa wre keTil<br />
sawyiss acdenilebia. qristianuli sarwmunoeba RmerTis _ sikeTis Secnobis procesSi<br />
antiqristesa <strong>da</strong> demonur, maT Soris, boroti Zalebis arsebobas <strong>da</strong>saSvebad miiCnevs,<br />
rac^SesaZloa^a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis sakuTari arsSi wvdomis ganmsazRvrel kriteriumsac warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
es iseTive aRqmadi procesi Cans, rogoricaa borotebis gacnobiereba, rac<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs sikeTis arss gacilebiT Rrmad CavwvdeT <strong>da</strong>, mainc, aq ormxrivi _<br />
binaruli opozicia araa bunebis harmoniuli erTianobis iseTi dualisturi xedva, ro-<br />
1 Томсон Дж., Исследованные по истории древнегреческого общества (Москва, 1958), стр. 338-339.<br />
2 Лосев А. Ф., Демон, Мифологический словарь (Москва, 1991), стр. 182.<br />
3 iqve, gv. 182.<br />
4 a. na<strong>da</strong>raia, demonologiis sakiTxisaTvis saqarTveloSi, masalebi guriis eTnografiuli SeswavlisaTvis^<br />
(Tbilisi,^1980), gv. 184.<br />
423
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