axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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is faqti, rom memuarebi ekuTvnis qarTuli kulturuli <strong>da</strong> politikuri elitis warmomadgenlebs,<br />
romelTac gacnobierebuli aqvT epoqis moTxovnileba <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
mniSvnelobis sakiTxTa arsi.<br />
aRniSnul wyaroTa bazis gaTvaliswinebiT Cven gamovyaviT Semdegi ZiriTadi saki-<br />
Txebi: 1. rogor aRiqvams qarTveli sakuTar Tavs gareSeebTan mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong> 2. rogor<br />
aRiqvams rusi qarTvels. 3. socialur fenaTa gaerTgvarovnebis procesi. rogorc memuaruli<br />
literaturi<strong>da</strong>n Cans, qarTuli sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili ruseTis xelisuflebis<br />
mizanmimarTuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad metismetad <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mpyrobelze. radgan ruseTis xelisufleba miznad isaxav<strong>da</strong> ara marto, saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis ideis aRmofxvras, aramed erovnuli TviTSegnebis ganadgurebas:<br />
qarTuli kulturuli tradiciebis <strong>da</strong> istoriuli maxsovrobis, qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis uflebebis mospobas. XX saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi qarTuli erToba<br />
jer kidev unugeSo mdgomareobaSi iyo. XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi qarTveli inteligenciis<br />
mier <strong>da</strong>wyebuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebuli brZolis <strong>axali</strong> etapi, romelic gulisxmob<strong>da</strong><br />
SeiaraRebuli brZolis nacvlad ideologiur moRvaweobas, <strong>da</strong>srulebuli<br />
saxe ar hqon<strong>da</strong> miRebuli <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebaSi rwmena brZolisTvis ar iyo gamyarebuli.<br />
`is azri, rom qarTveloba arafris SemZle iyo <strong>da</strong> gonebiT susti, TiTqmis saerTo azri<br />
iyo im xanebSi. es yovelmxri<strong>da</strong>n gvesmo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> TviT Cveneburobac eTvisebo<strong>da</strong> am azrs <strong>da</strong><br />
erwmunebo<strong>da</strong>. yovel fexis ga<strong>da</strong>dgmaze ismo<strong>da</strong> xolme: Cven ar SegviZlia, Cven ra viciT,<br />
Cven ras movaxerxebT, ras gavakeTebT~ 1 . am ideologiis meore mxare iyo qarTvelebis garusebis<br />
mcdeloba. ris ganxorcielebasac aqtiurad cdilobdnen saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis meSveobiT. samson fircxalava igonebs Tavis memuarebSi:<br />
`...gvikrZalavdnen Cveni TavisTvis qarTvelebi gvewodebina. ai, amis erTi magaliTi:<br />
meeqvse klasSi erTi mowafe rusuli enis maswavlebels puSkinis `poltavas~ Sinaarss<br />
uyvebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c ambavia rusebis <strong>da</strong> Svecielebis omis, imis magier, rom eTqva rogorc<br />
avtors aqvs, `Cven~ (e. i. rusis jari), mowafem Tqva `rusebi~, maswavlebelma<br />
maSinve SeaCera <strong>da</strong> hkiTxa: ratom `rusebs~ ambob <strong>da</strong> ara `Cven~? mowafem miugo: me xom<br />
rusi ara var <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> vTqva `Cven~. `rogor Tu rusi ara xar!~ _ Seuyvira<br />
maswavlebelma, pe<strong>da</strong>godiur sabWoSi <strong>da</strong>abezRa <strong>da</strong> mowafe ramdenime saaTiT karcerSi<br />
Casves~ 2 . qarTuli sazogadoebis SezRuduli uflebebis <strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad uamravi<br />
argumentis moyvana SeiZleba, romlebic naTlad aRweren qarTvelebis mdgmareobas. erTerTi<br />
maTgani: `qarTveloba ise grZnob<strong>da</strong> Tavs, TiTqos ucxoeTSi iyo <strong>da</strong> ara Tavis<br />
qveyanis gulSi. gaZarculi, ufleba-ayrili, <strong>da</strong>beCavebuli, devnili, sakuTar bazas _<br />
ekonomiur, samrewvelo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaT moklebuli, abuCad agdebuli mTavrobisagan <strong>da</strong><br />
mezoblebisagan _ qarTveloba meore <strong>da</strong> mesame rigSi iyo Cayenebuli~ 3 .<br />
qarTuli kulturuli <strong>da</strong> politikuri elitis mizani <strong>da</strong> mTavari problema XX saukunis<br />
pirvel ocwleulSi iyo socialur fenaTa <strong>da</strong>axloeba-gaerTgvarovneba erovnul<br />
ideologiaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT. gansakuTrebiT glexebis, muSebis erovnuli cnobierebis ama-<br />
Rleba. nebismieri sakiTxi: qarTuli enis, saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo procesis <strong>da</strong> qar-<br />
Tuli Teatris aqtualizeba erovnuli problemis aRorZinebaSi pirvel rigSi, sazogadoebis<br />
farTo fenebze iyo gaTvlili. saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi nacionaluri sakiTxi jer<br />
kidev nakleb aqtualuri iyo sazogadoebaSi. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT noe Jor<strong>da</strong>nia wers:<br />
`xalxSi aseTi azri iyo: Tu sadme rame kargi keTdeba _ sul yvela rusis xelmwifis<br />
meoxebiT. qarTveli xalxisTvis jer kidev gaugebaria nacionalur moTxovnilebaTa wamoyeneba.<br />
nacionalistebi ayeneben zog amaTgans, gvarian zomierad, magram Sors wasvlas<br />
ver be<strong>da</strong>ven. es imitom, rom saqarTvelos Tavisufleba xalxisTvis niSnavs osmaleTsparseTis<br />
tyved gaxdomas, aseTi lozungiT wavagebT mTel brZolas, xalxi zurgs Segvaqcevs<br />
ekonomiur <strong>da</strong> politikur sakiTxebSiac~ 4 . sazogadoebis didi nawilis amgvari<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba rusifikaciis erT-erT gamoxatulebas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
jer kidev XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n SemuSavebuli erovnuli programa, romelmac<br />
<strong>axali</strong> ganzogadeba <strong>da</strong> aqtualoba SeiZina XX saukunis pirvel ocwleulSi mimarTuli<br />
iyo socialurad <strong>da</strong>bali fenis warmomadgenlebze. batonymobis gauqmebis Sem-<br />
1 d. kldiaSvili, Cemi cxovrebis gzaze (baTumi, 1984), gv. 40.<br />
2 s. fircxalava, mogonebaTa furclebi (Tbilisi, 1988), gv. 18.<br />
3 iqve, gv. 39.<br />
4 n. Jor<strong>da</strong>nia, Cemi warsuli (Tbilisi, 1990), gv. 13, 33.<br />
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