axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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amgvarad, wm. ioane sinelis „klemaqsSi“ <strong>da</strong>, saerTod, qristianul literaturaSi<br />
gvelisa <strong>da</strong> veSapis simboloebiT gamoixateba codva, romelic <strong>da</strong>samarcxebelia.<br />
qristianul literaturaSi gveli metaforuli saxea. magram sanam TeologiaSi gveleSapis<br />
<strong>da</strong>marcxeba borotebasTan (codvebTan) brZolis simbolur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas miiReb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
manamde es brZola pir<strong>da</strong>piri mniSvnelobiT un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo gagebuli. amas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs<br />
wmin<strong>da</strong> giorgis saxe ikonografiaSi, aseve gvelis (veSapis) realurad ganadgurebis<br />
faqtebi qarTul agiografiaSi: wm. <strong>da</strong>viT garejelis cxovrebaSi gveleSapis <strong>da</strong>wvis epizodi<br />
<strong>da</strong> wm. grigol xanZTelis mowafis mier ori „saSineli“ veSapis locviT mokvdineba<br />
1 . wm. <strong>da</strong>viT garejelis cxovrebaSi aRwerili es saswauli zustad aris asaxuli agre-<br />
Tve u<strong>da</strong>bnos monastris mTavari eklesiis kedlis mxatvrobaSi 2 .<br />
qristianuli drakologia ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d efuZneba cecxlismfrqveveli <strong>da</strong> Sxamiani ur-<br />
Cxulis iobis wigniseul aRweras, Semdgom ki im simbolur mniSvnelobas, rac drakonma<br />
apokalifsSi miiRo 3 . gveleSapi (gveli, veSapi, urCxuli) bibliaSi gvxvdeba: iobis wign-<br />
Si (26, 13), esaia winaswarmetyvelTan (esaia 27, 1; 51, 9), iona winaswarmetyvelTan (iona 2,<br />
1), <strong>da</strong>niel winaswarmetyvelTan (<strong>da</strong>nieli 14, 22-28), fsalmunebSi (73, 13-14; 90, 13) 4 . gveleSapi<br />
yvelgan borotebas ganasaxierebs.<br />
veSapisa <strong>da</strong> eSmakis gaigivebis Sedegad qristianul xelovnebaSi arsebobs drakonis<br />
mravali sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxe. umaRlesi samsjavros scenaSi jojoxeTis karibWe urCxulis<br />
xaxis formiT aris warmodgenili. qriste, romelic Trgunavs sikvdilsa <strong>da</strong> jojoxeTs,<br />
Tava<strong>da</strong>c gveleSapis <strong>da</strong>mmarcxebelia 5 .<br />
qristianul legendebSi gvelTmebrZolebi simbolurad ganasaxiereben brZolas borotebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. kaTolikuri eklesia saerTo jamSi urCxulTan mebrZol samoc<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wmin<strong>da</strong>ns icnobs 6 . gvelTmebrZolobis qristianuli motivi Suasaukuneebis evropuli<br />
sagmiro poeziis popularul Temad iqca. aseve Semdgom jvarosnuli laSqrobebis<br />
meSveobiT gavrcelebulma aRmosavlurma gadmocemebma didi gavlena iqonia Suasaukuneebis<br />
saero romanis gmiris idealzec 7 .<br />
folklorSi, iseve, rogorc agiografiul TxzulebebSi, gveleSapis <strong>da</strong>marcxeba<br />
mxolod metafora ar aris. jadosnur zRaprebSi gmirisa <strong>da</strong> gveleSapis namdvili brZolaa<br />
aRwerili, romelsac ara metaforuli, aramed pir<strong>da</strong>piri mniSvnelobiT igebs<br />
msmeneli mTqmelisgan. siuJetTa saerTaSoriso saZiebelSi 8 jadosnuri zRaprebis Svidi<br />
Tematuri jgufi<strong>da</strong>n (1) zebunebrivi mowinaaRmdege, 2) zebunebrivi meuRle an sxva naTesavebi,<br />
3) saswaulebrivi <strong>da</strong>valeba, 4) zebunebrivi Semwe, 5) jadosnuri sagnebi, 6) zebunebrivi<br />
Zala an codna, 7) sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zRaprebi saswaulebrivze) yvelaze popularuli tipi<br />
aris zRaprebi gmiris brZolis Sesaxeb zebunebriv mowinaaRmdegesTan 9 . es mowinaaRmdege<br />
qarTul zRaprebSi warmodgenilia devis, gveleSapisa <strong>da</strong> sxva avsulebis saxiT. umetes<br />
SemTxvevaSi gveleSapTan brZolas qalwulis gaTavisufleba mosdevs.<br />
prof. T. qurdovaniZe mefis asulis gaTavisuflebis motivis or nairsaxeobas gamohyofs:<br />
„erTis mixedviT, gmiri qvesknelSi gaigebs gveleSapis mier, wylis sanacvlod,<br />
qalis moTxovnis ambavs. gveleSapis SesaWmelad ganwiruli xelmwifis asulis ganTavisuflebis<br />
Semdeg gmiri jildod Txoulobs ara mis xels (motivacia: ukve hyavs sacole),<br />
aramed qveskneli<strong>da</strong>n SuasknelSi ayvanas, rac faskunjis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. amave<br />
siuJetis meore nairsaxeobaSi moqmedeba de<strong>da</strong>miwaze xdeba, gmiri xelmwifis asuls aTavisuflebs<br />
devisagan“ 10 .<br />
es aris Zalze sayuradRebo faqti: qarTul zRaprebSi gveleSapi qvesknelis bina<strong>da</strong>ria<br />
devisagan gansxvavebiT. jadosnur zRaprebSi, romlebSic gmiris qvesknelSi mog-<br />
1 Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, il. abulaZis red., I, III, IV (Tbilisi, 1963; 1971;<br />
1968).<br />
2 g. abramiSvili, <strong>da</strong>viT garejelis cikli qarTul kedlis mxatvrobaSi (Tbilisi, 1972).<br />
3 Röhrich L., <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 794.<br />
4 wignni Zuelisa aRTqumisani (Sesaqmnisai. gamoslvaTai), b. gigineiSvilisa <strong>da</strong> c. kikviZis red., I (Tbilisi, 1989).<br />
5 Röhrich L., <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 811.<br />
6 iqve, gv. 795.<br />
7 Мелетинский Э. М., Средневековый роман (Москва, 1983), cтр. 271.<br />
8 Uther H.-J., The Types of International Folktales, A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith<br />
Thompson, 1 (Helsinki, 2004).<br />
9 T. qurdovaniZe, qarTuli zRapari (Tbilisi, 2002), gv. 54.<br />
10 T. qurdovaniZe, stadialuri cvlilebebi rituali<strong>da</strong>n hagiografiamde, qarTveluri memkvidreoba, V (qu-<br />
Taisi, 2001), gv. 261.<br />
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