axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma (saZagliSvilma), romelic ukve wmin<strong>da</strong>na<strong>da</strong>a Seracxili,<br />
es siaxle <strong>da</strong>loca. cnobilia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaro<strong>da</strong>n, rom aRniSnuli ierarqi, ise rogorc<br />
sxva qarTveli ierarqebi im periodisa, evropuli orientaciis pirovneba iyo. intronizacii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ramdenime dRis Semdeg man romis papsa <strong>da</strong> yovelTa somexTa patriarq-kaTalikoss<br />
Zmuri epistoleebi gaugzavna <strong>da</strong> eklesiaTa <strong>da</strong>axloebis survili gamoTqva 1 . amitom<br />
araa gasakviri, rom man kalendris reforma moiwona, Tumca saeklesio-liturgikul praqtikaSi<br />
misi <strong>da</strong>nergva ver SeZlo, radgan sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi am mxriv<br />
jer kidev iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rs mihyvebodnen. marTalia, TanaaRmsarebel eklesiebTan<br />
Tanxmobis Segnebam saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsmTavars aRniSnuli reformisagan Tavis<br />
Sekavebisaken miuTiTa, magram mis sasargeblod man nabiji mainc ga<strong>da</strong>dga. amaze metyvelebs<br />
is faqti, rom misdroildel saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi Zveli TariRebi axliT Secvales<br />
(`ricxvTa saxelebi gamocvales~) 2 . magaliTad: Sobas, romlis kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli Tari-<br />
Ria 25 dekemberi, 7 ianvari miaweres; mociqulTa sworisa <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebelis,<br />
wm. ninos, xseneba, romelic Zvel saeklesio wyaroebSi 14 ianvarsaa <strong>da</strong>debuli, xsenebuli<br />
cvlilebis Sedegad 27 ianvars aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. esaa, pir<strong>da</strong>pir rom vTqvaT, kuriozi,<br />
rasac, cxadia, maSindeli sasuliero pirebic grZnobdnen <strong>da</strong> elodebodnen kalendris<br />
reformas sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>, ai, 1923 wels saqarTveloSi SemoaRwia cnobam konstantinopolis saeklesio<br />
krebis Sesaxeb, romelSic sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis warmomadgenlebic monawileobdnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> romelmac miiRo <strong>da</strong>dgenileba kalendris reformis sasargeblod. saqar-<br />
Tvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam, sapyrobileSi myofi wm. kaTalikos-patriarq<br />
ambrosis (xelaias) Tanxmobis safuZvelze, imave wlis 1 noembers kalendris srulmasStabiani<br />
reforma gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. es niSnavs, rom man rogorc uZravi, ise moZravi dReebi <strong>da</strong><br />
dResaswaulebi axal stilze gaawyo. amis Taobaze kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe<br />
Semdegs gvauwyebs: rodesac Sikrikma sapatimroSi mjdom mwyemsmTavars kalendris<br />
reformis gegma warudgina, ukanasknelma ikiTxa: aris xalxi amisaTvis mzad? pasuxad miiRo:<br />
diax! aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom es simarTles ar Seesabamebo<strong>da</strong> 3 . reformam farTo masebSi uaryofiTi<br />
reaqcia gamoiwvia, radgan igi komunisturi msoflmxedvelobisa <strong>da</strong> ideologiis<br />
nayofad aRiqves. es azri saeklesio koleqtivebSi namdvil fsqozad Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>. viTareba<br />
garTul<strong>da</strong>. morwmuneebi, romlebic Zveli kalendris mxareze idgnen, eklesiaTa karebs<br />
razavdnen <strong>da</strong> xels uSlidnen mRvdlebs, rom maT dResaswaulebi, magaliTad, Soba<br />
25 dekembers aReniSnaT nacvlad 7 ianvrisa, e.i. iuliusiseuli 25 dekembrisa. bevri fizikuri<br />
angariSsworebiTac imuqrebo<strong>da</strong>. xdebo<strong>da</strong> isec, rom didi dResaswaulebi Soba,<br />
aRdgoma <strong>da</strong> sxvac erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave eklesiaSi orjer aRiniSnebo<strong>da</strong>, rac aTeistebSi sicilsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sarkazms iwvev<strong>da</strong>. amis gamo kaTalikosi ambrosi iZulebuli gax<strong>da</strong>, rom droebi-<br />
Ti mmarTvelobis aRniSnuli gankargulebis moqmedeba 1925 wlis 24 marts SeeCerebina.<br />
gamoiTqva mosazreba `rom umjobesi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rze mxolod uZravi<br />
dResaswaulebi ga<strong>da</strong>gveyvana, uZravni ki iuliusisaze <strong>da</strong>gvetovebina~ 4 .<br />
1927 wlis 21-27 ivniss, e.i. msoflio patriarqis, basili III-is, patriarquli <strong>da</strong> sino<strong>da</strong>luri<br />
epistoles 5 gamoqveynebis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi saeklesio kreba Sedga. man<br />
Semdegi <strong>da</strong>dgenileba miiRo: grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri SemoRebul iqnas uZravi dResaswaulebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xsenebaTa dReebisaTvis, moZravi xsenebani <strong>da</strong> dResaswaulebi ki kvlav iuliusisaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCnen, ise rogorc bevr sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi 6 . aseTi kompromisis<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad winaaRmdegoba grZeldebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mas eqscesebi axl<strong>da</strong>. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmin<strong>da</strong> sinodi kvlav gax<strong>da</strong> iZulebuli, rom 1928 wlis 28 seqtembers<br />
krebis xsenebuli <strong>da</strong>dgenilebis moqmedeba SeeCerebina. warumateblobis mTavar mizezad<br />
sinodma Semdegi garemoebani <strong>da</strong>asaxela: 1. masobrivi propagandis saSualebaTa ararseboba,<br />
raTa xalxis <strong>da</strong>kvalianeba SesaZlebeli yofiliyo (maSin qa<strong>da</strong>gebac ki TiTqmis ak-<br />
1 teqstebi: sveticxoveli, #4 (1917), gv. 4-5; n. papuaSvili, wm. kirion II-is werili pap benediqte XV-s, dialogi,<br />
aRmosavlur-<strong>da</strong>savluri qristianuli Jurnali, N1 (Tbilisi, 2004), gv. 29-40.<br />
2 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri 1928 wlisaTvis (tfilisi, 1928), gv. 38.<br />
3 mitr. kalistrate cincaZe, quTaisis saeklesio yrilobis gamo 1926 wlis dekembris 26-27-Si (tkbilmware<br />
mogonebebi saqarTvelos araSoreuli warsuli<strong>da</strong>n), xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, k. cincaZis piradi saarqivo<br />
fondi, #102, gv. 61.<br />
4 iqve, gv. 63-69.<br />
5 qarTuli Targmani: saqarTvelos eklesiis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri 1928 wlisaTvis (tfilisi, 1928), gv. 33-36.<br />
6 iqve, gv. 32-33.<br />
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