axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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saxelmwifoSi arsebuli <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis simboloa. Mmerlini urCevs mefes, drakonebi<br />
WurWelSi moaTavsos, <strong>da</strong>beWdos <strong>da</strong> SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad Rrmad Caflas miwaSi. amis Semdeg<br />
cixe-simagre aSendeba <strong>da</strong> yvela avadmyofoba <strong>da</strong> ubedureba gaqreba.<br />
boroti sulis <strong>da</strong>tyvevebiT de<strong>da</strong>miwaze mSvidobis <strong>da</strong>sadgureba qarTul saistorio<br />
zepirsityvierebaSi Tamar mefis ciklis gadmocemebSic gvxvdeba. Suqurvarskvlavis legen<strong>da</strong><br />
amindis gamgeobis motivzea agebuli. mis tyveobas ukavSirdeba Tamaris samefoSi<br />
arsebuli maradiuli gazafxuli. sayuradReboa, rom Tqmulebis arc erT variantSi ar<br />
aris miTiTebuli, Tu rogor Seipyro is Tamarma. rogorc Cans, demonuri Zalis <strong>da</strong>tyvevebis<br />
faqti ver <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> Tamaris saxes. Tamari Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve mpyrobelia Suqurvarskvlavis<br />
<strong>da</strong> mas xan cxenad aqcevs <strong>da</strong> seirnobs, xan yuTSi hyavs <strong>da</strong>tyvevebuli.<br />
osuri gadmocema Tamar mefeze mogviTxrobs kavkasiis qedis erT-erT mwvervalze –<br />
brutsabZelze asuli mRvdlis ambavs, romelmac didi locviTa <strong>da</strong> mZime jvriT Zlivs<br />
aaRwia Tamaris sasaxlemde <strong>da</strong> ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisas eklesiis karebTan moesma xma, romelic<br />
<strong>da</strong>kidulma vercxlis birTvma gamosca: `me viyavi Tamaris aRmzrdeli. EerTxel man<br />
<strong>da</strong>iWira ciskari <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amwyvdia erTi meoreSi Cadebul cxra yuTSi: am varskvlavisagan<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli Tovli <strong>da</strong> kargi amindi. Amis Semdeg amindis Secvla ukve Tamarisagan<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. Aamgvarad, Tamarma aaSora Tavis qveyanas Zlieri yinvebi, rac mohqon<strong>da</strong><br />
ciskars. is am varskvlavs ar maCveneb<strong>da</strong>~ 1 . EerTxel, roca Tamari Tavisi samefos <strong>da</strong>saTvaliereblad<br />
wavi<strong>da</strong>, yuTi aRmzrdels <strong>da</strong>utova <strong>da</strong> misi gaxsna sastikad aukrZala.<br />
aRmzrdelma cnobismoyvareobas ver sZlia, gaxsna yuTi <strong>da</strong> iqi<strong>da</strong>n amofrenilma ciskarma<br />
miwaze arnaxuli Tovli gamouSva. Aamis gamo Tamarma aRmzrdeli <strong>da</strong>wyevla: `iqec sulad<br />
maradiuli tanjvisTvis~. mas Semdeg akrZalvis <strong>da</strong>mrRvevi am birTvSia gamomwyvdeuli<br />
maradiul tanjvaSi.<br />
akrZalva, romelsac YTamari moaxles utovebs, paradigmulad imeorebs RmerTis mier<br />
xe cnobadis nayofis miRebis akrZalvas. xe cnobadi edemis baRis SuagulSi idga. aseve<br />
cxra yuTis gulSi hyavs momwyvdeuli ciskari Tamars. Tamari arCevanis winaSe ayenebs moaxles,<br />
utovebs ra mas am yuTis an oTaxis gasaRebs. TviT akrZalva apriorulad ukve imis<br />
maniSnebelia, rom is un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>irRves, akrZalvis <strong>da</strong>mrRvevi yvela variantSi, romelsac Cven<br />
vicnobT, aris Tamaris moaxle an gamdeli, ese igi qali, romlis arqetipuli saxe aris eva.<br />
vfiqrobT, isic simboluria, rom is aris moaxle <strong>da</strong> ara Tamaris swori.<br />
akrZalvis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas, iseve rogorc bibliaSi, mosdevs wyevla. bibliis analogiiTve,<br />
wyevlaSi igulisxmeba akrZalvis <strong>da</strong>mrRvevis arsebiTi cvla. Tamar mefisagan <strong>da</strong>wyevlili<br />
moaxle `tartarozad qceula <strong>da</strong> kudianebis <strong>da</strong>sSi Sericxula~ – niSnavs, rom<br />
mas aRar aqvs ufleba, <strong>da</strong>rCes imave arsSi, raSi<strong>da</strong>c imyofebo<strong>da</strong> maradiul zafxulSi<br />
anu samoTxeSi. is un<strong>da</strong> iqces `sulad maradiuli tanjvisTvis~ <strong>da</strong> amiTac un<strong>da</strong> gaiziaros<br />
Tavisi arqetipis _ evas xvedri.<br />
urCi msaxuris cnobismoyvareobis gamo, romelmac mefis brZaneba <strong>da</strong>arRvia, Tamarma<br />
baR<strong>da</strong>dSi <strong>da</strong>wyebuli monastris mSeneblobis <strong>da</strong>mTavreba veRar moaswro: `monasters Weri-<br />
Ra akl<strong>da</strong>, rom moaxlem yuTs axa<strong>da</strong>. Tamar mefis sabrZanebeli maSinve gabrwyin<strong>da</strong>. Suqurvarskvlavi<br />
yuTi<strong>da</strong>n amofrin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> zecas gafrin<strong>da</strong>. Tamar mefes kalatozebma moaxsenes:<br />
`didebulo mefeo! monastrisTvis <strong>da</strong>mzadebul qvas Wirxli mohkidebia, veRar veweviTo~ 2 .<br />
maradiuli zafxuli, rac Tamaris legen<strong>da</strong>Si ciskris an Tovlis varskvlavis <strong>da</strong>mwyvdeviT<br />
gamoixata, xalxur cnobierebaSi nayofierebis motivs ukavSirdeba. gadmocemis<br />
ramdenime variantSi ciskari Tavs <strong>da</strong>ixsnis maSin, rodesac Tamari tovebs mTas <strong>da</strong> Camodis<br />
barad. Tamars mxolod maSin aqvs Zala _ ganagos dro-Jami, vidre mTaSia, RmerTTan<br />
axlos. barad Camosuli Tamari ki veRar brundeba mTaSi, rameTu iq ukve maradiuli<br />
Tovli <strong>da</strong> yinvaa.<br />
z. kiknaZe statiaSi `Tamaris andrezuli xana~ ganixilavs Tamariseuli maradiuli<br />
zafxulis motivs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxebis miTologiaSi <strong>da</strong> mas berZnul-laTinur tradiciaSi<br />
`oqros xanas~, indurSi _ `srulyofil~ (krit-Áuga) an`namdvil saukunes~ (sataÁa-<br />
Áuga), ebraulSi ki `edemis baRs~ u<strong>da</strong>rebs. Oovidiusi kacobriobis cxovrebis pirvel periods<br />
_ `oqros xanas~ maradiuli gazafxulis xanad miiCnevs (Ver erat aeternum). Ddilis<br />
1 q. sixaruliZe, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 261.<br />
2 iqve, gv. 82.<br />
447
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