axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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materialuri kultura. svanebi qvemo qarTlSic tradiciuli materialuri kulturis<br />
<strong>da</strong> erovnuli faseulobebis <strong>da</strong>mcvelebi arian. isini saukeTeso xis ostatebad iTvlebian<br />
<strong>da</strong> am xelobas warmatebiT iyeneben. amzadeben svanur avejsa <strong>da</strong> dgam-WurWels.<br />
maTgan aRsaniSnavia saufroso skam-savarZeli `sakurcxil~ <strong>da</strong> sajalabo taxti, araCveulebrivi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>xvewili ornamentebiT Semkuli, sinatifisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis namdvil nimuSebs<br />
rom warmoadgenen. sakurcxlis Cuqeba sapatio stumrisTvis did pativad iTvleba. ase<br />
rom maTi es naxelavi erovnuli mentalobisa <strong>da</strong> identobis niSnad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 1 .<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> xis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis ostatobisa sakvlev regionSi migrirebuli svanebi Sinamrewvelobis<br />
sxva tradiciul <strong>da</strong>rgebsac ar iviwyeben. esaa magaliTad matylis _ <strong>da</strong>muSaveba<br />
qudebisa <strong>da</strong> win<strong>da</strong>-nabdebisaTvis, romelsac qalebi misdevdnen. isini matyls mecxvareebisagan<br />
yiduloben (radgan TviTon cxvari ara hyavT), magram adgilze Telaven <strong>da</strong> svanur<br />
qudebs keraven. qudebs amzadeben bazarze gasayi<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>c. svanuri qudis gareSe svani kacis<br />
cxovreba, warmoudgenelia. is maTi eTnikuri TviTSegnebis simboloa saweso ritualis<br />
aucilebeli sagani, namusisa <strong>da</strong> vaJkacobis simbolo, casTan <strong>da</strong> zeciur ZalebTan <strong>da</strong>makavSirebeli<br />
atributi, mTieli kacis siamayis gamomxatveli niSani 2 .<br />
svanuri kulturis mentalobis <strong>da</strong> identobis yvelaze TvalsaCino maxasiaTebelia<br />
svanuri koSki, romelic TiTqmis yvela sofelSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxlebis punqtebSi dgas <strong>da</strong> imaze<br />
migvaniSnebs, rom aq svanebi cxovroben.<br />
cnobilia, rom koSkuri nageboba (maT Soris svanuri koSkebi) cixe-saxlebis, sacxovreblis,<br />
mterTan brZolis <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>cvis kompleqsuri nagebobaa, vertikalur ganzomilebaSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili Zegli. sivrcobrivad igi (interierSi) moicavs rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
sacxovriss ise saqonlis sadgoms (`maCubs~) 3 ; bunebrivia qvemo qarTlSi mosul<br />
svanebs sacxovreblad sul sxva tipis (ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d orsarTuliani tipiuri) saxlebi <strong>da</strong>axvedres,<br />
patara ezoebiT <strong>da</strong> saTavsebiT, magram maT SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad scades am saxlebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>keTeba. ezoebSi mcire zomis koSkebi aages, simboluri <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT, nawilobriv<br />
sameurneo mizniTac rom iyeneben. isini patara koSkebs sasaflaoebzec dgamen,<br />
Si<strong>da</strong> sasanTleebiT, im mizniT, rom gar<strong>da</strong>cvlils saiqioSi <strong>da</strong>xvdes, saaqaosa <strong>da</strong> saiqios,<br />
miwisa <strong>da</strong> zecis <strong>da</strong>makavSirebeli saxlis niSnad 4 . mTxrobelis TqmiT: `svani sul<br />
zecisken ixedeba, koSkic zeciskenaa mimarTuli, rogorc kibe, RerZi am samyarosi~ 5 ase,<br />
rom svanebisaTvis koSki (sacxovrebeli), svanuri qudi <strong>da</strong> sakurcxalo yofiTi kulturis<br />
is elementebia, romlebic garkveuli religiuri simbolikiTaa <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli <strong>da</strong><br />
svanTa xasiaTis, maTi mentalobis mkafio maxasiaTeblad gvevlineba.<br />
sulieri kultura, rwmena warmodgenebi <strong>da</strong> dResaswaulebi. sameurneo yofisa <strong>da</strong><br />
materialuri kulturis sakiTxebTan erTad yuradRebas iqcevs gadmosaxlebulTa yofa-<br />
Si tradiciuli rwmena warmodgenebis, dResaswaulebis <strong>da</strong> calkeuli ritualebis Senar-<br />
Cuneba-Senaxvis sakiTxi. rogorc mTxrobelebi gadmogvcemen isini cdiloben ar <strong>da</strong>iviwyon<br />
TavianTi sakulto Zeglebi, Zveli siwmindeebi, salocavebi, saerTod yvela is wes-<br />
Cveuleba <strong>da</strong> rituali romelsac svaneTSi asruleben. amitomac yovel did religiur<br />
dReobebze, kvirikoba iqneba is, RvTisSobloba, lifanali Tu sxva, midian svaneTSi, Tan<br />
mihyavT saklavi, miaqvT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sesawiravebi, ritualui purebi <strong>da</strong> aRasruleben mamapapur<br />
a<strong>da</strong>Tsa <strong>da</strong> rigs 6 . imavdroulad cdiloben es tradiciebi momaval Taobas ga<strong>da</strong>scen,<br />
raTa maT ar <strong>da</strong>aviwydeT winaparTa xsovna, samSoblos cneba, vaJkacobis, patriotizmis<br />
faseulobebi, svanuri simRera <strong>da</strong> ferxulebi, saerTod `svanoba~ rogorc TviTon<br />
amboben. mosaxleobis im nawils ki (moxucebs, avadmyofebs), romelTac ar SeuZliaT svaneTSi<br />
wasvla, axloblebs sTxoven am wesis maTi saxeliT Sesrulebas, Tan atanen san-<br />
Tels, ritualur kverebs, Sesawirav fuls <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
bolo xanebSi zogierTma Temma moaxerxa <strong>da</strong> salocavis niSis gadmotanac SeZlo,<br />
riTac mrevls kultmsaxurebis adgilze Sesrulebis saSualeba mieca 7 .<br />
socialuri urTierTobebi. gadmosaxlebas <strong>da</strong> maT lokalur migraciebs ar Seucvlia<br />
svanTa socialur urTierTobebis iseTi sfero rogoricaa ojaxi, saqorwino urTi-<br />
1 g. Citaia, svanuri `sakurcxal~, Sromebi, II (Tbilisi, 2000), gv. 140-153.<br />
2 iqve.<br />
3 a. qal<strong>da</strong>ni, koSkuri sacxovrebeli svaneTSi, Zeglis megobari, #3 (Tbilisi, 1986), gv. 21-27.<br />
4 g. gociriZe, qvemo qarTlis eqspediciis dRiurebi.<br />
5 iqve.<br />
6 iqve.<br />
7 iqve.<br />
412
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