axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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eTer inwkirveli<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis literaturis instituti<br />
boroti sulis <strong>da</strong>tyvevebis motivi xalxur tradiciaSi<br />
samyaroSi boroti sulis arsebobis sakiTxi nebismieri xalxis folklorisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli <strong>da</strong> tradiciuli problemaa. borot ZalasTan brZola <strong>da</strong> misi <strong>da</strong>marcxeba-<strong>da</strong>tyveveba<br />
folklorSi gamorCeul <strong>da</strong> zebunebrivi ZaliT aRWurvil gmirs miewereba.<br />
xSirad gmiris gamorCeuloba swored am motiviT aris ganpirobebuli. qarTul folklorSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia istoriuli personaJis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi – miTosurlegenduri<br />
funqciiT <strong>da</strong>tvirTva, rac mis saxes metad STambeW<strong>da</strong>vs xdis <strong>da</strong> amgvarad aR-<br />
Wurvili agrZelebs sicocxles xalxis cnobierebaSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>mwyvdeuli boroti sulis motivi tradiciulia. anti aarnes sistemaSi es motivi<br />
#331-ad aris Sesuli 1 . ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d or variantTan gvaqvs saqme: 1. boroti sulis Sepyroba<strong>da</strong>tyveveba<br />
misi gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobis gamoyenebis mizniT; 2. boroti sulis<br />
<strong>da</strong>tyvevebiT qveynierebaze sayovelTao mSvidobis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba.QqarTul folklorSi orive<br />
SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />
jadosnuri Zalis <strong>da</strong>morCilebisa <strong>da</strong> mSeneblobaSi gamoyenebis tradiciul siuJetzea<br />
agebuli legen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSeneblis mier gelaTis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb: `wyeulma<br />
eSmakma moindoma, xeli SeeSala misTvis am wmin<strong>da</strong> RvTis sasiamovno saqmeSi. kedlebi<br />
ramdenjer aaSores balavers, imdenjer angrev<strong>da</strong> i wyeuli RamRamobiT. dRes, xval,<br />
dRes, xval <strong>da</strong> ar iqna, kedlebi balavers ver aaSores. mefe, rasakvirvelia, mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
misi xelis mcaravi eSmaki iyo <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>swyvita, rogorc un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jdomo<strong>da</strong>, eSmaki xelT<br />
egdo. iman aiRo jami, aavso wyliT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dga balaveris maxloblad; TviTon ki kuTxeSi<br />
miimala <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uwyo <strong>da</strong>raji. rogorc kargad <strong>da</strong>bnel<strong>da</strong>, sad iyo, sad ara, gaCn<strong>da</strong> i wyeuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> gulmodgineT Seudga Tavis saqmes. am dros iman SeniSna wyliani jami <strong>da</strong> zed mivi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
uceb safari<strong>da</strong>m gamoxta <strong>da</strong>viTi <strong>da</strong> xelebi staca. eSmaki jorad iqca, magram guladi<br />
mefe mainc ar SeSin<strong>da</strong>; iman amosdo jors pirSi lagami <strong>da</strong> swrafad moaxta zed.<br />
am dRis Semdeg is am jors ar iSoreb<strong>da</strong>. Amis Semdeg advilad moaTava gelaTis monasteric.<br />
AagreTve aaSena varZia <strong>da</strong> sxvebi...~ 2 .<br />
xalxuri legendis mixedviT, eSmaki Tavs <strong>da</strong>ixsnis tyveobisgan, rodesac <strong>da</strong>viTis<br />
nacvlad mejinibe waiyvans wylis <strong>da</strong>salevad, jori wyaroSi xteba <strong>da</strong> uCinardeba 3 .<br />
msgavsi motivi gvxvdeba ebraul folklorSi solomon brZenTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT:Eebrauli<br />
folkloruli taqstebis krebuli _ aga<strong>da</strong> 4 mogviTxrobs, rom solomonis<br />
pativmoyvareobis grZnoba yvelaze metad taZris mSeneblobaSi gamovlin<strong>da</strong>. Aam taZris<br />
ageba jer kidev <strong>da</strong>viTs sur<strong>da</strong>, magram ver moaswro, an ver SeZlo; ase rom winaswarmetyvelebis<br />
Tanaxmad, es mis Svils un<strong>da</strong> gaekeTebina. qristianebTan `solomonis~, xolo<br />
iudevelebTan `pirvelis~ saxeliT cnobili taZari morias mTaze un<strong>da</strong> agebuliyo, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
abraamma isaki waiyvana msxverplSesawirad. sirTules is faqtori qmni<strong>da</strong>, rom, aRTqmis<br />
Tanaxmad, taZari rkinaSeuxebeli qviT un<strong>da</strong> aSenebuliyo. rabinebma urCies mefe solomons,<br />
eSova Wia Samiri, romelsac jer kidev mose iyeneb<strong>da</strong> Zvirfasi Tvlebis <strong>da</strong>samu-<br />
Saveblad. Aaga<strong>da</strong> mogviTxrobs, rom es iyo Wia an arseba, romlis SexebiTac nebismieri<br />
qva <strong>da</strong> klde ipobo<strong>da</strong>, xolo misi adgilsamyofeli demonTa mefis _ asmodevsis (-<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> aravin ico<strong>da</strong>. solomonma Seityo, rom asmodevsis naxva SeiZleba erT-erT<br />
mTaze, sa<strong>da</strong>c, zeciuri akademii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>brunebuli demonTa mefe, sakuTari beWdiT <strong>da</strong>beWdili<br />
Wi<strong>da</strong>n wyals svams <strong>da</strong> Semdeg kvlav beW<strong>da</strong>vs. Aasmodevsis Sesapyrobad solomonma<br />
Tavisi erTguli yma _ benaeni gaagzavna, romelmac xerxs mimarTa: asmodevsis Wis axlos<br />
sxva Wa amoTxara, wyali masSi TxriliT ga<strong>da</strong>iyvana, xolo asmodevsis Wa RviniT aavso.<br />
Semdeg xes Seefara <strong>da</strong> asmodevsis mosvlas <strong>da</strong>elo<strong>da</strong>. DdemonTa mefe misvlesTanave mixv<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom wylis nacvlad Rvino <strong>da</strong>xv<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>levac ga<strong>da</strong>ifiqra, magram roca naxa, rom misi<br />
1 Андреев Н. И., Указатель сказочных сюжетов по системе Аарне (Ленинград, 1929), стр. 30.<br />
2 q. sixaruliZe, qarTuli xalxuri saistorio sityviereba, I (Tbilisi, 1961), gv. 65-67.<br />
3 iqve, 65-67.<br />
4 Агада, Сказания, притчи, изречения Талмуда и Мидрашей, пер. С. Г. Фруга (Ростов-на-Дону, 2000), стр. 45.<br />
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