axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
di mecnieruli Sromis nayofs warmoadgens es reforma. (2) am reformis wyalobiT Semcir<strong>da</strong><br />
is sxvaoba, romelic iuliusis kalendris saSualo weliwadsa <strong>da</strong> astronomiul<br />
tropikul weliwads Soris arsebobs. es SesaZlebeli gax<strong>da</strong> nakian weliwadTa ricxvis<br />
SemcirebiT. gvmarTebs, gavixsenoT <strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi: iuliusis kalendris<br />
mixedviT erTmaneTis momdevno yoveli sami welwadi Cveulebrivi weliwadia, meoTxe weliwadi<br />
ki _ nakiani weliwadi. nakianobis sagangebo wesis anu gamonaklisobis wesis mixedviT,<br />
rac grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli sistemis Semadgeneli nawilia, ama Tu im saukunis<br />
yoveli bolo weliwadi, romelic iulius keisris wesis Sesabamisad nakiania, mxolod<br />
im SemTxvevaSi gamocxaddeba nakianad, Tuki mocemuli weliwadis ricxvi 4-ze, an<strong>da</strong><br />
400-ze, unaSTod iyofa 1 . magaliTad: 1600 weli nakiania, 1700, 1800 <strong>da</strong> 1900 _ unako. Sesabamisad<br />
(momavalSi): 2100, 2200, 2300 <strong>da</strong> 2500 wlebi unakoni iqneba. pap grigor XIII-is reformis<br />
wyalobiT nakiani wlebis ricxvi Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> aseve Semcir<strong>da</strong>, gamonaklisobis<br />
am wesis Sesabamisad, saSualo kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli weliwadis xangrZlivoba. ase rom, erTi<br />
mxriv, yoveli 400 weliwadi grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi sami dRiT mcirea iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, meore mxriv ki, amis Sedegad, erTi kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli weliwadis saSualo<br />
xamgrZlivoba ufro zustad esatyviseba astronomiul tropikul weliwads anu,<br />
rac igivea, _ astronomiul sinamdviles, bunebas. amis gamo gazafxulis dReRamtoloba<br />
anu bunioba kvlav 21 martze movi<strong>da</strong>, ise rogorc es 325 wels nikeis krebam ganaCina. Tuki<br />
erTi zedmeti dRe iuliusis kalendris mixedviT yovel 128 weliwadSi warmoiqmneba,<br />
grigoriusis kalendris mixedviT _ mxolod 3200 wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac faqtobrivad<br />
kalendris problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wras niSnavs.<br />
saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong> astronomiuli sinamdvile.<br />
ras gulisxmobs cneba `saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>ri" <strong>da</strong> ra kavSirSia is zemoT ganxilul<br />
kalendris reformasTan?<br />
gamoTqma <strong>da</strong> cneba `saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>ri~ ganekuTvneba <strong>da</strong>rgs, romelic specialur<br />
literaturaSi eklesiologias uwodeben. igi moicavs sa<strong>da</strong>gi liturgikuli dReebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sadResaswaulo dReebis, rogorc moZravebis, ise uZravebis, mTel wyebas, romlis Tanmimdevroba<br />
eklesiis mier aris ganawilebuli <strong>da</strong> gansazRvruli. es ganwileba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jgufeba,<br />
anu ganweseba, romlis mixedviTac saeklesio weliwadis liturgikul dReebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> dResaswaulebs Tav-TavianTi adgili aqvT miCenili, efuZneba bibliur <strong>istoria</strong>s <strong>da</strong><br />
saeklesio cxovrebas. saeklesio praqtikisaTvis sulac ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba<br />
imas, Tu romeli saxis astronomiul kalen<strong>da</strong>rze arian orientirebuli sa<strong>da</strong>gi dReebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> dResaswaulebi 2 . saeklesio kalendris SedgenaSi arsobrivi mniSvneloba aqvs ara samoqalaqo<br />
kalendris saxeobas, aramed saRvTo werilsa <strong>da</strong> saRvTo gadmocemas. rac Seexeba<br />
eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> astronomiuli kalendrebis urTierTobas, eklesias am SemTxvevaSi<br />
ainteresebs ara imdenad astronomiuli (samoqalaqo) kalendris saxeoba, aramed Tavad<br />
astronomiuli monacemebi <strong>da</strong> astronomiuli sinamdvile. amas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs ori umTavresi<br />
qristianuli dResaswaulis warmoSobisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis <strong>istoria</strong>, rasac Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
vrclad un<strong>da</strong> SevexoT. magram gvmarTebs, rom pirvel rigSi xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT: saeklesio<br />
kalen<strong>da</strong>ri Tavisi srulyofili saxiT eklesiis istoriis adreul periodSi Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>,<br />
manam sanam nikeis didi kreba iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rs saeklesio liturgikuli<br />
praqtikisaTvis sayovelTaod SemoiReb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
aRdgomis dResaswaulisaTvis.<br />
saxarebiseuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, ieso qriste iudevelTa paseqis dResaswaulze<br />
acves jvars. jvarcma paraskev dRes mox<strong>da</strong>, sami dRis Semdeg ki, anu kviras, qriste aRdga.<br />
amis gamo qristes aRdgoma, ufro sworad, aRdgomis dResaswauli imTaviTve bunebrivad<br />
<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> ebraelTa paseqs (`fesaxs~).<br />
es garemoeba gax<strong>da</strong> imis mizezi, rom orive movlena, romelTagan erTi xsovnis dRea<br />
(didi anu vnebis paraskevi, wiTeli paraskevi), meore ki zeimis dRe (aRdgoma, aRvseba, zatikTa<br />
zatiki), aRmosavleTSi erTi <strong>da</strong> imave sityviT gamoixata. es sityvaa pasxa (pasxa staurosimon,<br />
pasxa anastasimon), romelic momdinareobs berZnuli sityvisagan pasxein <strong>da</strong> `tanjvas~, `wamebas~<br />
anu laT. Passio-s niSnavs. vinai<strong>da</strong>n ori sityva: ebrauli `paseqi~ (pesakh) <strong>da</strong> berZnuli<br />
1 Gregorianischer Kalenderreform: htp://de. wikipedia. org/wirki/Gregorianischer_Kalender, s. 2-4; Володомонов Н. В.... стр. 25-27.<br />
2 Sdr. Иларион (Алфеев), Таинство веры (Москва-Киев, 1996), стр. 134-135.<br />
387
Change language