axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. amasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gazeT `alionSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi `saqarTvelos respublika <strong>da</strong> erovnul<br />
umciresobaTa uflebebi~ iv. gomarTeli xazgasmiT wer<strong>da</strong>, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebi isargebleben `yvela im uflebiT, rac miRebulia respublikaSi.<br />
am mxriv araviTar SezRudvas ara aqvs adgili <strong>da</strong> qarTveli, somexi, TaTari, osi, ebraeli,<br />
berZeni, rusi <strong>da</strong> sxva srulebiT gaTanasworebulni arian. isini rogorc moqalaqeni<br />
sargebloben yvela im politikuri uflebiT, rac miRebulia respublikaSi. amitom Cveni<br />
respublikis moqalaqe <strong>da</strong> qveSevrdomi imgvarive monawileobas miiReben Cveni respublikis<br />
cxovrebaSi, rogorc qarTvelebi.~ amis myar garantias saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier<br />
gamocemuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebi iZleo<strong>da</strong>. swored es garemoeba qon<strong>da</strong> mxedvelobaSi<br />
s. abulaZes, roca misi avtorobiT <strong>da</strong>beWdil werilSi `osebis amoZravebaze~ osebis misamarTiT<br />
wer<strong>da</strong>: `un<strong>da</strong>T osebs Tavisufali kulturuli ganviTareba? saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis gavleniani jgufebi, mTeli konstitucia Cveni saxelmwifosi amis<br />
srul SesaZleblobas aZlevs maT~ 1 .<br />
s. abulaZis es gancxadeba WeSmaritebas Seicav<strong>da</strong>, radgan im periodSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
saqarTvelos konstituciis proeqtSi, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi erovnuli umciresobebis<br />
uflebebis gansazRvras XII Tavis 12 muxli qon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tmobili 2 . es uflebebi mxolod<br />
saqarTvelos im moqalaqeebze gavrceldebo<strong>da</strong>, romlebic qveynis mSeneblobis <strong>da</strong><br />
ara ngrevis samsaxurSi iqnebodnen Camdgari. amis Sesaxeb TbilisSi gamarTuli osi social-demokratebis<br />
TaTbirze (1920 wlis 21 seqtemberi) warmoTqmul sityvaSi saqarTvelos<br />
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgile par. WiWinaZe osebis misamarTiT acxadeb<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`vimeoreb, yvela moqalaqe, romelic dgas Cveni respublikis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis platformaze<br />
sworuflebiani wevria Cveni ojaxisa~ 3 . am elementaruli <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli moTxovnisadmi<br />
morCileba, im etapze saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma TiTqmis yvela eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgenlebma (osebisa <strong>da</strong> afxazebis gar<strong>da</strong>) aucileblobad miiCnies. aRniSnulis<br />
gaTvaliswinebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, qveyanaSi Seqmnili politikuri situacia, eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis sakiTxis sabolood ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad <strong>da</strong> sakonstitucio CarCoSi mosaqcevad,<br />
drouli nabijis ga<strong>da</strong>dgmas <strong>da</strong> konsesuss <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli platformis SemuSavebas<br />
saWiroeb<strong>da</strong>. am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli roli ssdm partiis centraluri komitetis<br />
1920 wlis 20 maisis sxdomam Seasrula. rogorc stenografiuli angariSi<strong>da</strong>n irkveva,<br />
sxdomis monawileTa yuradrebis centrSi n. Jor<strong>da</strong>nias moxseneba moeqca. qarTuli erovnuli<br />
saxelmwifos mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> politikuri azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli<br />
moxsenebis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom n. Jor<strong>da</strong>niam eTnikur umciresobaTa<br />
sakiTxi saqarTvelos specifikisa <strong>da</strong> qveynis erovnuli interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
ganixila, xolo ak. Cxenkeliseuli `sajaro uflebebis~ moTxovna kritikis qarcecxlSi<br />
gaatara. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi `patara erebis naWrebisadmi~ avtonomiiis<br />
miniWeba politikur Secdomad gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. imave n. Jor<strong>da</strong>nias mtkicebiT,<br />
demokratiuli ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi 1917 wels saqarTvelosTvis avtonomiis moTxovnis<br />
ideiis saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnikur umciresobebze gadmotana _ <strong>da</strong>uSvebeli iyo<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c im elementaruli mizezis gamo, rom ruseTSi rac un<strong>da</strong> didi uflebebi `miecaT<br />
patara erebisaTvis, mainc verafers <strong>da</strong>aklebdnen ruseTs, rogorc did saxelmwifos.~<br />
xolo aseTive uflebebis saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnikur umciresobebze gavrcelebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosaTvis <strong>da</strong>mRupveli aRmoCndebo<strong>da</strong>. `Cven patara<br />
saxelmwifo varT, _ ambob<strong>da</strong> n. Jor<strong>da</strong>nia, _ aq... 16-mde natexi erebia. amdeni xalxi rom<br />
sajaro uflebebiT aRvWurvoT, isini ufro didi centri Seiqmnebian Cvens respublikaSi.<br />
dRes sul sxva pirobebia <strong>da</strong> maSindeli ruseTis pirobebs ver Seva<strong>da</strong>rebT~ 4 . aq garkveviTaa<br />
miniSnebuli im mosalodnel saSiSroebaze, romelic eTnikuri umciresobebisadmi<br />
sajaro uflebebis micemiTa <strong>da</strong> `didi centrebis~ SeqmniT emuqrebo<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos.<br />
gamosavals n. Jor<strong>da</strong>nia mxolod eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis Temuri sistemis SemoRebaSi<br />
xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>, radgan masze saxelmwifos erTiani kontrolis ganxorcieleba iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZlebeli. eTnikur umciresobebs `Tu Temebis farglebSi movaTavsebT _ ambob<strong>da</strong> igi<br />
1 s. abulaZe, osebis amoZraveba, mxe<strong>da</strong>ri, #5 (1920), gv. 7.<br />
2 saqarTvelos konstituciis proeqti, Sedgenili <strong>da</strong> gamocemuli saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>mfuZnebeli krebis mier<br />
(Tbilisi, 1920), gv. 26-27.<br />
3 javelebis ukanaskneli gamosvla <strong>da</strong> osi social-demokratebis pozicia am sakiTxSi, erToba, 3 oqtomberi<br />
(1920).<br />
4 scssa, f. 1825, aRw. 1, saq. 126, furc. 34.<br />
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