axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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cebi, xolo mzis RvTaebas mxolod qalebi SesTxovdnen pirutyvis simrTelesa <strong>da</strong> gamravlebas.<br />
rac Seexeba meSvide nawilis RvTaebas, igi rogorc saqonlis, ise naTesebis<br />
nayofierebasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli 1 . cxadia aiTaris kultis mniSvneloba imaze miuTiTebs,<br />
rom migrantTa poliTeistur panTeonSi yvelaze mTavari <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi swored mesaqonleobis<br />
kulti iyo. magram amave dros, xazgasmulia, fetvis (Crdilo kavkasielebisa-<br />
Tvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani sapure marcvlis), Romis Romis <strong>da</strong> mogvianebiT simindis,<br />
rogorc pirutyvis xorcze ZiriTadi misatanebeli pureulis Semcveli sakvebis mniSvnelobac.<br />
gazafxulze, ojaxis uxucesi mamakaci anafa-nagas RvTaebas mimarTav<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
`Romis Romis (an simindis) iseTi uxvi mosavali mieca, romelSiac a<strong>da</strong>miani Toksac ki<br />
ver gaatareb<strong>da</strong>~. amave dros, igi am RvTaebas pirutyvis iseT simravles SesTxov<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
`jogsa <strong>da</strong> faras misi yvirilis xma ver miswvdeno<strong>da</strong>~. terminTa kvlevi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
cnobili xdeba, rom Svidive mcire RvTaebis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba afxazuri enis leqsiki<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
afxazuri yofi<strong>da</strong>n aris warmoqmnili. rac Seexeba saTaveSi mdgomi mTavari RvTaebis saxelwodebas<br />
– aiTars, rogorc Cans, mis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli varaudis Tanaxmad, igi<br />
qarTul-afxazuri kulturul-istoriuli urTierTobis Sedegad un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo Camoyalibebuli.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis qarTvelebSi <strong>da</strong> kerZod megrelebSi qristianobamdel religiur<br />
rwmena-warmodgenebSi, samiwaTmoqmedo RvTaebebis gverdiT sagangebo adgili `Jini an-<br />
Tars~ (zena anTari) – mesaqonleobis kultis RvTaebas ekava: XIX saukuneSi p. Waraiam<br />
gamoTqva varaudi, rom `aiTari~ `anTarisagan~, megruli enis gavleniT un<strong>da</strong> warmomdgariyo,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c n>l>Á mogvca 2 . XX saukuneSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebiT ki, iv. javaxiSvilma<br />
es RvTaeba <strong>da</strong> termini uZveles qarTul (xevsurul) RvTaebas `anators~ <strong>da</strong>ukavSira,<br />
romlis sruli saxis xsovna <strong>da</strong> Tayvaniscema `anTar~ <strong>da</strong> `aiTarma~ Semogvinaxa 3 . megrelebi<br />
saqonlis gamravleba-mfarvelobas mTavarangeloz miqel-gabriels, Jini orTas (wm.<br />
giorgis), galeniSi orTas [Sinauri saqonlis gamravlebisa <strong>da</strong> gareuli nadirisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
RvTaebebi. galeniSi _ gareuli; orTa _ RvTaeba `anTaris~ fonetikurad Secvlili<br />
saxeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos; JiniSi orTa Jini anTarisagan (iv. javaxiSvili)] <strong>da</strong> kapunias SesTxovdnen<br />
4 . aseTive mTavari adgili ekava mTavarangelozs (miqam-garios) samurzayanoel megrelebSic.<br />
samurzayanoeli megreli mwyemsebis yvelaze did mfarvelad mTavarangelozi<br />
iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>. am mTavarangelozis nebaze iyo <strong>da</strong>ris, elva-quxilis <strong>da</strong> kokispiruli wvimis<br />
mosvlac 5 . mz. makalaTias azriT, <strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelos megrelebSi miqel-gabriels iseTive<br />
adgili eWira, rogoric sxva regionebSi wm. giorgisa <strong>da</strong> ilia winaswarmetyvels 6 .<br />
amrigad, mesaqonleobis kultis RvTaebis ganviTareba qarTul-afxazuri paralelebis<br />
arsebobasa <strong>da</strong> urTierTobaze miuTiTebs.<br />
saqarTvelos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxeebSi wvimisa <strong>da</strong> saerTod wylis kultis gadmonaSTuri<br />
formis arseboba agrarul wes-CveulebebTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. wylis kultisadmi<br />
miZRvnili dReoba-dResaswaulebi, saxelwodebebi <strong>da</strong> maTi aRweriloba eTnologiur literaturaSia<br />
mocemuli. terminebi mravalferovania, <strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia<br />
_ berikaoba-yeenoba, lazaroba, gonjaoba, wyalkurTxeva <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
afxazeTis teritoriaze Camosaxlebis momenti<strong>da</strong>n migrantebis cxovrebaSi `ca-Rrublis~<br />
(`afi~) RvTaebas mniSvnelovani adgili ekava. mas tarosis saqme ekiTxebo<strong>da</strong>. Tumca es<br />
RvTaeba TiTqos umetesad mesaqonleobasTan iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, magram meore, miwaTmoqmedebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli funqciac gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. afxazebi mas pativs miagebdnen <strong>da</strong> frTxilad ekidebodnen,<br />
radganac igi Weqa-quxilisagan warmoqmnil xmaurs iwvev<strong>da</strong>, es xmauri ki saSiSroebis<br />
momaswavebeli iyo. zvanbas eTnografiuli masalebis Tanaxmad: `...wvrilfexa saqoneli barSi<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoikvebos mxolod zamTris periodSi; zafxulSi ki sicxeebis <strong>da</strong>dgomasTan<br />
erTad isini mTaSi Tu ar ga<strong>da</strong>ireka, saqoneli <strong>da</strong>iRupeba; zafxulis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi, mTaze asvlis<br />
win <strong>da</strong> Semodgomaze saqonlis Camorekvis win mwyemsebi cxvars klaven <strong>da</strong> RvTaeba afis<br />
SesTxoven mwyemsebisa <strong>da</strong> pirutyvis mfarvelobas mexis <strong>da</strong>cemisagan. gar<strong>da</strong> zemoTqmulisa,<br />
afi <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyo soflis Temis dResaswaulTanac, romelsac zafxulis gvalvisagan<br />
Sewuxebuli soflis sazogadoeba awyob<strong>da</strong>. es rituali bunebaSi, mdinaresTan axlos tarde-<br />
1 Джанашиа Н. С., Статьи по этнографии Абхазии (Сухуми, 1960), стр. 29-31.<br />
2 p. giorgiZe (p. Waraia), <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi.<br />
3 iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi I (Tbilisi, 1979), gv. 122-124.<br />
4 mz. makalaTia, mesaqonleobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli rwmena-warmodgenebi samegreloSi, samegrelo (Tbilisi,<br />
1979), gv. 63.<br />
5 T. saxokia, mogzaurobani (Tbilisi, 1950), gv. 289.<br />
6 mz. makalaTia, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 66.¸<br />
418
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