axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
goricaa civi <strong>da</strong> cxeli, qali <strong>da</strong> kaci, ca <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>miwa. esaa uarso borotebasa <strong>da</strong> sike-<br />
Tes Soris mkveTri <strong>da</strong>pirispireba. RmerTi ar ebrZvis antiqristes. igi mas Trgunavs.<br />
qristianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul miTologiur warmodgenebSi avi sulebi samebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
angelozebis antagonistebad miiCneodnen. isini eSmakis msaxurebi, satanis mebrZolebi, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
modgmis uxilavi mtrebi iyvnen. av sulTa am<strong>da</strong>gvari funqciebi mkveTrad vlindebo<strong>da</strong>,^<br />
magaliTad, Zvelslavur warmarTul miTologiur RvTaebaSi, romelic besis saxelwodebas<br />
atareb<strong>da</strong> 1 . qristianobam warmarTuli sarwmunoebrivi plastebis mniSvnelovani nawili<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iazra. qristes antipodi _ eSmaki uarso borotebis ganmasaxierebeli <strong>da</strong> qristianuli<br />
Sexedulebebis organuli nawili gax<strong>da</strong>. bunebrivia warmarTul plastebs qristianoba-<br />
Si Tan gadmohyva uZvelesi miTologemebi <strong>da</strong> calkeuli siuJeti, rac maT diferencirebul<br />
<strong>da</strong> funqciur-tipologiur Seswavlas moiTxovs. isic un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom fragmentebi uZvelesi<br />
miTologemebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> warmarTuli cxovrebi<strong>da</strong>n im msoflmxedvelobis warmoCenas abundovnebs,<br />
romelsac safuZvlad qristianuli motivebi udevs.<br />
demonuri samyaros Sinaarsobrivi modeli, istoriulad Camoyalibebuli demonologiuri<br />
sistemebis sarwmunoebrivi formebi <strong>da</strong> am formebSi asaxuli personaJebis funqciebi<br />
gansakuTrebiT faseuli saxiT folklorul-eTnografiulma sinamdvilem Semoinaxa.<br />
am tipis masalebiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ria kavkasiis xalxTa kulturuli memkvidreoba, maT Soris,<br />
qarTveli xalxis religiuri anTropologia.<br />
amjerad Cvens mizans warmoadgens eTnografiuli masalebis safuZvelze aRvweroT<br />
<strong>da</strong> SeviswavloT samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelos demonologiuri warsuli, gansakuTrebiT<br />
aWaris mosaxleobaSi arsebuli demonologiuri rwmena-warmodgenebi, maTi lokalur-regionuli,<br />
zogadeTnikuri (zogadqarTuli) <strong>da</strong> universaluri niSnebi.<br />
samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelos miTo-religiur struqturaSi ramdenime demonologiuri<br />
mikrosamyaroa warmodgenili, romlebic funqciur-Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebiT xSirad<br />
erTmaneTs uaxlovdebian.<br />
* * *<br />
demonebi <strong>da</strong> Ramiseuli avi sulebi: lompapi <strong>da</strong> kudianebi. samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT saqar-<br />
TveloSi,^ kerZod, aWaraSi, kudianebis gamaerTianebeli <strong>da</strong> ufrosi e. w. lompapi (dedjali<br />
2 //<strong>da</strong>jali//derjali//jerjali//zerjali//dedjal-ruji//dedjal-xuruji//dedjalrompapi)<br />
3 iyo. aWaraSi lompaps xSirad rompapsac uwodebdnen. guriaSi misi funqciurtipologiuri<br />
Sesatyvisi rokapi iyo, xolo qarTlSi tartarozi. sxvaTaSoris, guriaSi<br />
avi qalis aRsaniSnavad dRemde SemorCa gamoTqma: `rokapi qali~@ (Sdr. finTqali), xolo<br />
lazebi aseT qals aWaruli dialeqtisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli terminis: lompapis<br />
fonetikuri SesatyvisiT _ RompapiT aRniSnavdnen, rac pir<strong>da</strong>pir miuTiTebs rokapisa <strong>da</strong><br />
lompapis qalur bunebaze. T. saxokia rokaps mdedrobiTi sqesis moxucebulad miiCnev<strong>da</strong><br />
4 . il. Wyoniac Tvli<strong>da</strong>, rom rokapi <strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTveloSi mdedrobiTi sqesis iyo<br />
<strong>da</strong> kudianebs ufrosob<strong>da</strong>. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa i. yifSiZis Sexedulebac 5 . zogierT<br />
mecniers rokapisa <strong>da</strong> rompapis gaigiveba <strong>da</strong>uSveblad miaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> maT gansxvavebul<br />
sulebad moiazreb<strong>da</strong>. maTi SexedulebiT, aWarelisa <strong>da</strong> gurulisaTvis rokapi qali, xolo<br />
rompapi mamakaci iyo 6 , Tumca folklorul-eTnografiuli wyaroebi kudianebis gamaerTianebel<br />
borot Zalas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d qalad warmoaCens 7 . arn. Ciqobavas ganmartebiT ru-<br />
1 Аверинцев С. С., Бесы, Мифологический словарь (Москва, 1991), стр. 92.<br />
2 j. noRaideli, aWaruli zepirsityvierebisa <strong>da</strong> eTnografiis masalebi^(Tbilisi, 1967), gv. 65-69; Sdr. T. SioSvili,<br />
dedjalis (<strong>da</strong>jalis) ciklis legen<strong>da</strong> aWaris folklorSi, qarTveli muslimebi Tanamedroveobis<br />
konteqstSi (baTumi, 2010).<br />
3 sakiTxis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>wvr. ix. n. mgelaZe, demonologiuri rwmena-warmodgenebi samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelo-<br />
Si, xelnaweri (1992) (ix. saojaxo arqivi); n. mgelaZe, demonologiuri rwmena-warmodgenebi samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, niko berZeniSvilis institutis eTnologiis ganyofilebis arqivi, wliuri Tema, xelnaweri<br />
(1992); n. mgelaZe, eSmaki, saistorio macne, #3 (baTumi, 1996), gv. 37-39; n. mgelaZe, xalxuri demonologiuri<br />
azrovnebis istorii<strong>da</strong>n aWaraSi (feri//ferebi), saistorio macne, # 9 (baTumi, 2000), gv. 62-66; n. mgelaZe, <strong>da</strong>cemuli<br />
angelosebi xalxur demonologiaSi _ ali, saistorio macne, # 9 (baTumi, 2000), gv. 62-66.<br />
4 T. saxokia, mogzaurobani (Tbilisi, 1950).<br />
5 Sdr. b. JRenti, qarTuli enis guruli kilo (Tbilisi, 1936), gv. 240.<br />
6 ix. i. megreliZe, j. noRaideli: cxovreba <strong>da</strong> moRvaweoba, j. noRaideli, narkvevebi <strong>da</strong> Canawerebi, 1 (baTumi,<br />
1971), gv. 21; Sdr. j. noRaideli, aWaris xalxuri sityviereba, II (baTumi, 1940).<br />
7 Sdr. T. SioSvili, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 350.<br />
424
Change language