axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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o<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mosaxleoba saerTo ZalebiT SeZenil zvaraks swirav<strong>da</strong>. am dResaswauls meore saxeli,<br />
acunhvara ewodebo<strong>da</strong> (acu – <strong>da</strong>saxlebis erTeuli, sofeli, ubani, nhvara – locva) e. i.<br />
soflis locva. `afis Weqa-quxilis mier gamowveuli xmauriT eSmakis SeSineba <strong>da</strong> boroti<br />
sulebis <strong>da</strong>sja-<strong>da</strong>marcxebac evalebo<strong>da</strong>. zogjer cecxlovani isriT igi miwaze iq vardebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c boroteba isadgureb<strong>da</strong>. amave dros, mexis <strong>da</strong>cema sakralur niSanzec miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong>, radganac<br />
mexis <strong>da</strong>cemisagan <strong>da</strong>mwvari xe, balaxi, mokluli cxoveli Tu a<strong>da</strong>miani magiur Zalas<br />
iZen<strong>da</strong>. cxovelis mZors an a<strong>da</strong>mianis neSts tyeSi, oTx boZze gamarTul ficarnagze moaTavsebdnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> ritualuri simRerebiTa <strong>da</strong> cekvebiT uvlidnen gars <strong>da</strong>saflavebamde, radganac<br />
maTi <strong>da</strong>tireba ar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>~ 1 . un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom zemoT aRwerili Cveuleba umetesad<br />
Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleT kavkasielTa yofaSi iyo gavrcelebuli, migrantebis Camosaxlebis droisaTvis,<br />
amitom umetesad igi msgavsebas maTTan poulob<strong>da</strong>. eSmakisa <strong>da</strong> boroti sulebis <strong>da</strong>sja-<strong>da</strong>marcxeba<br />
samegreloSi WeWeTobis saxeliT iyo cnobili. <strong>da</strong>bindebisas dResaswaulze<br />
soflis axalgazrdoba iyri<strong>da</strong> Tavs <strong>da</strong> koconze xtomiT erTobo<strong>da</strong>, rac Sekrebilebis eSmakisagan<br />
<strong>da</strong> borotebisagan `cecxliT ganwmen<strong>da</strong>s~ iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
wylis kultTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyo kidev erTi dResaswauli – Zivou. romelic gavrcelebuli<br />
iyo qarTvelebSic <strong>da</strong> afxazebSic. orive xalxSi igi erTnairad sruldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ritualSi soflis axalgazrdoba iReb<strong>da</strong> monawileobas. isini baris tars TojinasaviT<br />
rTavdnen, mxiarul msvlelobas awyobdnen mdinaremde, Semdeg baris tars tivze <strong>da</strong>fenil<br />
Tivaze <strong>da</strong>debdnen <strong>da</strong> almodebuls wyals gaatandnen. Tan locviTa <strong>da</strong> simReriT<br />
RvTaeba Zivous wvimas SesTxovdnen. iv. javaxiSvili termin `Zivou~-s pirvel nawils –<br />
Zi afxazur wyals, xolo `vou~-s svanur `mogvec~-s ukavSireb<strong>da</strong>, radganac svanurSi tarosis<br />
RvTaebis saxeli `vebi~, `vou~ iyo. am varauds, svanuri `vobiS~ _ paraskevis saxelwodebac<br />
amyarebs, radganac es dRe iyo vebisadmi miZRvnili 2 . rogorc Cans, wylis<br />
kultTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli agraruli dResaswauli <strong>da</strong> terminic qarTul-afxazuri kulturul-istoriuli<br />
urTierTobis Sedegi un<strong>da</strong> iyos. baris tarTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli es samiwaTmoqmedo,<br />
gvalvis sawinaaRmdego <strong>da</strong> wvimis gamomwvevi rwmenis dResaswauli afxazeb-<br />
Si intensiur miwaTmoqmedebaze ga<strong>da</strong>svlis Semdeg un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>arsebuliyo. igive un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas,<br />
afxazebSi miwaTmoqmedebis meore RvTaebis, `adgil-dedufalis~ Camoyalibebis Sesaxebac<br />
(afxazebi miwis aRsaniSnavad qarTul termins `adgili~ gamoiyeneben, sesxebis<br />
nia<strong>da</strong>gze). afxazebs miwis RvTaeba, adgilis dedoflis, qalis, saxiT hyav<strong>da</strong>T warmodgenili.<br />
afxazi qalebi (umetesad abJuaSi mcxovrebni) mindvris samkurnalo balaxebis Segrovebis<br />
dros, miwaSi marilis mwikvs <strong>da</strong>marxavdnen <strong>da</strong> Tan CurCulebdnen: adgil-dedofalo<br />
Cven Seni wili mogeciT~. afxazebSi sayovelTaod iyo cnobili, rom miwis yvela<br />
monakveTs, saxmari iyo igi Tu uxmari adgilis dedofali mfarvelob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
qarTvelebSi es RvTaeba saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi iyo sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT gavrcelebuli.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, igi agraruli xasiaTisa iyo <strong>da</strong> nayofierebas ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mis funqciebSi a<strong>da</strong>mianisadmi nayofierebis miniWeba, pirutyvis gamravleba, rogorc<br />
naTesis, ise yvelanairi mcenareulisaTvis mosavlianobis gazr<strong>da</strong> Sedio<strong>da</strong>. RvTaeba<br />
wylis, miwis <strong>da</strong> nayofierebis kults erTianad gamoxatav<strong>da</strong>, rac qarTvelebSi ori sameurneo<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTarebis miwaTmoqmedebisa <strong>da</strong> mesaqonleobis simbiozur xasiaTze metyveleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amave dros, igi dedis <strong>da</strong> agraruli xasiaTis qal RvTaebasTan RvTismSobel<br />
mariamTanac iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli (mz. makalaTia).<br />
afxazebis samiwaTmoqmedo RvTaebaTa sistemaSi mniSvnelovani adgili kidev erTma<br />
RvTaebam jajam <strong>da</strong>ikava. afxazebs jaja <strong>da</strong>baltanian, mxarbeWian qalad hyav<strong>da</strong>T warmodgenili.<br />
romelsac <strong>da</strong>Tesili mindvrebisa <strong>da</strong> Wirnaxulis gazr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> aseve sapirispirod,<br />
zaralis gamowvevac SeeZlo. afxazebis warmodgeniT, ojaxi romelic jajasTvis msxverpls<br />
zvarakis saxiT gaiReb<strong>da</strong>, uxv mosavals miiReb<strong>da</strong>, xolo is vinc mis saxelze zvarakis<br />
Sewirvas <strong>da</strong>inaneb<strong>da</strong>, piriqiT, mosavals wauxden<strong>da</strong>. `afxazuri RvTaeba jaja agrarul<br />
kulturasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, Tumca Tavisi ganviTarebiT igi nayofierebis RvTaebad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong> 3 . `jojooba dRe~, romelic igive adgilis de<strong>da</strong>sTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
qarTvelebSic iyo gavrcelebuli. misi mlocvelebi gamoqvabulSi Saqars tovebdnen, xo-<br />
1 Акаба Л.Х., Традиционные религиозные представления, Абхазы (Москва, 2007), стр. 356-357.<br />
2 iv. javaxiSvili, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 119-120.<br />
3 Кантария М. В., Чанба Р. К., Некоторые вопросы земледельческой культуры, Этнографические параллели (Тбилиси, 1987),<br />
стр. 55.<br />
419
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