axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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eWedi Seucvleli iyo, wyurviliT Sewuxebuli wylis nacvlad Rvinos <strong>da</strong>ewafa, <strong>da</strong>Tvra<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iZina. samalavi<strong>da</strong>n gamosulma benaenma (solomonis msaxuri) asmodevss jaWvi <strong>da</strong>ado,<br />
romelzec uflis saxeli iyo amotvifruli <strong>da</strong> borkilebiT waiyvana solomonTan.<br />
erTaderTi, rasac solomoni asmodevss sTxovs, esaa Wia Samiri. asmodevsi upasuxebs,<br />
rom Samiri emorCileba zRvis mefes, romelic mTebSi xetialisas erTi SexebiT asworebinebs<br />
kldeebs Samirs 1 .<br />
solomoni Samiris Sesapyroba<strong>da</strong>c Tavis erTgul ymas _ benaens agzavnis, romelic<br />
mis TavSesafars maRal mTaze miagnebs <strong>da</strong> motyuebiT wamoiyvans Samirs solomonTan.<br />
asmodevsi solomonTan mTeli taZris mSeneblobis periodi <strong>da</strong>rCa _ Svidi weli.<br />
solomons is sakuTari beWdiT hyav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>tyvevebuli. tradiciis mixedviT, solomonis be-<br />
Wedze uflis saxeli iyo amotvifruli. swored am beWdis wyalobiT batonob<strong>da</strong> solomoni<br />
demonebze 2 .<br />
solomonis beWedi musulmanur wyaroebSic gvxvdeba. arabi mwerlebi aRniSnaven,<br />
rom solomonma oTxi angelozisgan oTxi keTilSobili qva miiRo, romlebic am beWedSi<br />
Cado, raTa oTxive elementze gavrcelebuliyo misi mbrZanebloba 3 . Talmudis legen<strong>da</strong><br />
mogviTxrobs, rom am Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi solomons ar mieca saSualeba <strong>da</strong> dro,<br />
raime eswavla asmodevsisagan. rodesac mSenebloba <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>, erTxel marto <strong>da</strong>rCnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> solomonma moisurva asmodevsis Zalis gamoc<strong>da</strong>. Mmas aintereseb<strong>da</strong>, Tu riTi iyvnen<br />
demonebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebze Zlierebi. SeTanxmdnen: asmodevsi mxolod mas Semdeg aCveneb<strong>da</strong> Tavis<br />
Zlierebas, Tu solomoni jaWvs axsni<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> beWeds aTxoveb<strong>da</strong>. rogorc ki solomonma<br />
es gaakeTa, asmodevsma cali fexi (an frTa) caze Semodo, meore miwaze <strong>da</strong>ayrdno, solomoni<br />
ki ga<strong>da</strong>ylapa <strong>da</strong> 400 parasangis iqiT amotyorcna.<br />
sami weliwadi xetialob<strong>da</strong> solomoni ucxo <strong>da</strong> miusafari. asmodevsma ki misi saxe<br />
miiRo <strong>da</strong> solomonis saxeliT mefob<strong>da</strong>. sasaxleSi male SeamCnies mefis Secvla: Tavis<br />
erTgul msaxurs _ benaens aRar ixmob<strong>da</strong>, colebTan udroo dros midio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arasodes<br />
ixdi<strong>da</strong> fexsacmels (cnobilia erTi Zveli rwmuneba, rom eSmaks aqvs mamlis fexebi). mefem<br />
erTxel virsaviasTan _ sakuTar de<strong>da</strong>sTanac ki sca<strong>da</strong> sqesobrivi kavSiris <strong>da</strong>myareba.<br />
sasaxleSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> eWvi. Bbolos rabinebma moZebnes solomoni, romelic mTeli am<br />
xnis ganmavlobaSi kar<strong>da</strong>kar <strong>da</strong>dio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> iZax<strong>da</strong>, rom is iyo israelis mefe. solomons<br />
asmodevsisTvis moparuli beWedi ga<strong>da</strong>sces <strong>da</strong> sasaxleSi moiyvanes. misi <strong>da</strong>naxvisTanave<br />
asmodevsi gafrin<strong>da</strong>.<br />
rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, saerTo qarTul <strong>da</strong> ebraul masalebs Soris mravla<strong>da</strong>a. ebrauli<br />
beWedi <strong>da</strong> qarTuli lagami erTmaneTis korelatebia. gansxvavebas qmnis finali: ebraul<br />
TqmulebaSi demonuri suli TviTon gaabriyvebs solomons <strong>da</strong> amgvarad <strong>da</strong>usxlteba xeli<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
qarTul TqmulebaSi ki <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSenebelma kargad icis, rasTan aqvs saqme <strong>da</strong><br />
demonur sulze Zalauflebis SenarCunebis xerxsac flobs. Tumca, xalxuri warmodgeniT,<br />
boroti sulis <strong>da</strong>tyvevebis motivi usaTuod un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes misi gaTavisuflebis<br />
motivsac. es is aucileblobaa, romelic gaamarTlebs amqveynad arsebul borotebas mocemul<br />
drosa <strong>da</strong> sivrceSi.<br />
qarTul folklorSi solomon brZenTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli boroti sulis <strong>da</strong>tyveveba<br />
misi WurWelSi Camwyvdevis motiviT aRiniSneba, rasac de<strong>da</strong>miwaze mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> keTildReobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>myareba mosdevs.<br />
xalxuri teqstis mixedviT, solomoni kokaSi Caamwyvdevs masTan <strong>da</strong>pirispirebul<br />
borot Zalas, eSmakTa xelmwifes _ kunZulels, roca gaigebs, rom is misi colis sayvarelia.<br />
solomonis ganzraxvaSive _ moipatiJos kunZuleli TavisTan _ Cans, rom kunZulels<br />
_ `qajueTis xelmwifesa~ 4 , `eSmakebis Tavis myrelsa~ 5 _ gansacdels umzadebs:<br />
`aseTsa lxinsa vuCveneb, ar enaxos Tavis dResa;<br />
Wirsaca aseTs vuCveneb, ar enaxoT Tavis dResa~ 6 .<br />
leqsis ramdenime variantSi solomoni xafangiT iWers kunZulels. lxinis sufras<br />
mohyveba garigeba, romelsac solomon brZeni SesTavazebs kunZulels:<br />
1 Веселовский А. С., Славянские сказания о Соломоне и Китоврасе и западные легенды о Моролфе и Мерлине (С-Петербург, 1872), стр. 137.<br />
2 Соломонова печать, Еврейская энциклопедия, XIV, под общей ред. Л. Каценельсона (C-Петербург, 1908-1913), стр. 447.<br />
3 iqve, gv. 448.<br />
4 qarTuli xalxuri poezia, II (Tbilisi, 1973), gv. 301.<br />
5 iqve, gv. 303.<br />
6 iqve, gv. 306.<br />
445
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