axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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kap’Si gvaqvs -kap Ziri. sityva ro-kap-i cnobili iyo samegreloSic <strong>da</strong>, saerTod, gavrcelebuli<br />
iyo mTel <strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTveloSi. ru-kap-i SesaZlebelia miRebuli iyos rokap-i‘sagan.<br />
avtoris Tanaxmad, es sityva SeTvisebuli hqon<strong>da</strong> afxazurs aruakap’is saxiT.<br />
arn. Ciqobava terminis etimologiisas am sityvas uSualod ukavSireb<strong>da</strong> ybas. misi <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT,<br />
-kap aris yba 1 . vfiqrobT, aRniSnul konteqstSi un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT sityva nikap-i’c.<br />
arn. Ciqobava kap’isa <strong>da</strong> ro-kap-i’s ybasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebisas eyrdnobo<strong>da</strong> sulxan-saba<br />
orbelianis cnobil ganmartebas: rukapi aris `Zlier beberi de<strong>da</strong>kaci <strong>da</strong> di<strong>da</strong>d ybedi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kudiani~ 2 . arn. Ciqobava aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom sabasTan ybedi@ niSnavs ybians: `di<strong>da</strong>d<br />
ybedi~ anu metis metad ybiani Tu metad didi ybis mqone. Tanamedrove gagebiT ybedi is<br />
aris, vinc ybebs ar asvenebs, Tavs gvabezrebs laparakiT 3 . am mxriv yuradRebas iqcevs<br />
aWaraSi ise, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi Tavyrilobis adgilis, gviandeli gagebiT<br />
zarmacTa TavSesakrebis aRmniSvneli termini salaybo, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>taniTi mniSvnelobiT<br />
laybobas, ybedobas, laparaks ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> niSnav<strong>da</strong> salaparako adgils.<br />
es sityvac ybasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. am sityvam droTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZina ironiuli<br />
Sinaarsi. adre mas gansxvavebuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTva un<strong>da</strong> hqono<strong>da</strong>, radgan msgavs Tavyrilobebze<br />
wydebo<strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani saTemo problemebi.<br />
TiTqos arasarwmunoa, magram <strong>da</strong>saSvebia lompapi (rompapi//Rompapi) gaazrebuli iqnas<br />
rogorc `romis papi~ <strong>da</strong> es arcTu usafuZvlod mogveCveneba Tu qristianobis <strong>istoria</strong>Si<br />
marTlmadideblobisa <strong>da</strong> kaTolikobis urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis xasiaTs gavixsenebT<br />
<strong>da</strong> am urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis sferoSi romis papis rols ganvsazRvravT 4 . miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
amisa, aseT axsnas mravali susti mxare gaaCnia,^ magaliTad, Tun<strong>da</strong>c is^ rom yofaSi<br />
lompapi (rompapi) xSirad gagebuli iyo rogorc qaluri bunebis arseba _ de<strong>da</strong>beri.<br />
vfiqrobT, lompapi <strong>da</strong> rompapi^ ise, rogorc rokapi erTi sityvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva fonetikuri<br />
variantia <strong>da</strong> Tu es asea, maSin ufro sarwmuno Cans rokapis a. na<strong>da</strong>raias mier<br />
SemoTavazebuli etimologia, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c, sityva rokapi SesaZloa sparsuli<br />
roskipi’<strong>da</strong>n iyos miRebuli, romelic, avtoris azriT, naTvalevis@ Selocvis erT-erT<br />
variantSi ga<strong>da</strong>taniTi mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli. locvis am variantis mixedviT _<br />
`...Samevi<strong>da</strong> erTi eva roskipi qali, Svid Tvares Seqmnili, SafaT dRes <strong>da</strong>badebuli, gami-<br />
Tvalva qseli Cemi ... rac sulierma avi TvaliT <strong>da</strong> yuriT Sexe<strong>da</strong>~.@ a. na<strong>da</strong>raias azriT,<br />
es avi TvaliT Semxedvari qali _ rokapia, radgan xalxi av qals rokaps eZax<strong>da</strong>. avtoris<br />
mixedviT, Selocvis sxva variantSi mas cvlis `qari qaravani~ an `erTi qali~.@samxreT<br />
saqarTveloSi `alis qals~ `alis qarsac~ uwodebdnen 5 . aq Cveni yuradReba<br />
miiqcia frazam: `rac sulierma avi TvaliT <strong>da</strong> yuriT Sexe<strong>da</strong> 6 ~. Tu avi TvaliT Semxedvari<br />
qali rokapia <strong>da</strong> igi alis qalTan konteqstSi cnobierdeba, maSin am mosazrebas kidev<br />
ufro sarwmunos xdis fraza: `avi ... yuriT~ Semxedvare qalis Taobaze, romelic aseve<br />
alTan mimarTebaSi un<strong>da</strong> aixsnas. yofaSi <strong>da</strong>sturdeba sityva aliyuri, romelic Rru-<br />
Si SiSina xmis gamomcem niJaras warmoadgens. mosaxleoba mas akvans miakrav<strong>da</strong> xolme,<br />
raTa alis <strong>da</strong>cema Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aecilebina. es `avi yuriTa~ <strong>da</strong>@ `avi TvaliT~ Semxedvare qalic<br />
rokapi Cans <strong>da</strong> garkveul konteqstSi alis qals warmoadgens. Tu miwis qalRmerTad<br />
nadirobis RvTaeba gaigebo<strong>da</strong>, magaliTad,^<strong>da</strong>li <strong>da</strong> am qalRmerTis yvelaze bnel aspeqts<br />
rokapis bunebis RvTaeba ganasaxiereb<strong>da</strong> 7 , maSin, bunebrivia, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>lisa <strong>da</strong><br />
alis ara marto fonetikuri, aramed, garkveul qronologiur mTologiur SreebSi, maTi<br />
nawilobrivi funqciur-tipologiuri kavSirurTierTobis sakiTxic <strong>da</strong>isvas 8 .<br />
xalxuri warmodgeniT lompapi sazareli <strong>da</strong> finTi Sesaxe<strong>da</strong>obis de<strong>da</strong>beri<br />
iyo,^romlis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel garegnul niSnebs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>: Casisxlianebuli Tvalebi,<br />
gadmotrialebuli quTuToebi, Semwvanebuli loyebi. gurulis SexedulebiTac, rokapi<br />
maxinji, sazareli saxis moxuci iyo, mdedrobiTi sqesis, ulmobeli, a<strong>da</strong>mianis sisxls<br />
1 arn. Ciqobava, saxelTa fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba (Tbilisi, 1948), gv. 98.<br />
2 sulxan-saba orbeliani, sityvis kona (Tbilisi, 1928), gv. 282.<br />
3 arn. Ciqobava, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 98.<br />
4 n. mgelaZe, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 36.<br />
5 a. na<strong>da</strong>raia,^<strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, 190; Sdr. m. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
1^(Tbilisi,^1966), gv. 366; ap. wulaZe, eTnografiuli guria^(Tbilisi, 1971), gv. 116.<br />
6 Sdr, sityva miyures _ Semxede, momismine: `yuri <strong>da</strong>migde~.<br />
7 a. na<strong>da</strong>raia, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 190.<br />
8 Sdr. cnebebs qali <strong>da</strong> qari, romlebic mosalodnelia kavSirSi iyos cnebebTan <strong>da</strong>li <strong>da</strong> ali (Sdr. termini<br />
aliqali).<br />
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