axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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sarecelze imavdroulad gar<strong>da</strong>icvala, e. i. am SemTxvevaSi droSi moqmedebebi paralelurad<br />
viTarddebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ratom mifrinav<strong>da</strong> lompapTan kudiani mainca<strong>da</strong>mainc buxris sakvamuri<strong>da</strong>n. am <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva viTarebaSic buxars, ufro zustad, keras sakraluri mniSvneloba gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. saxleuli<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>cvlil winaparTa sulebs swored buxrisa <strong>da</strong> keriis meSveobiT ekontaqtebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
savaraudoa, rom xalxuri rwmena samyaros modelSi sknelebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gziT akavSireb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erT-erT aseT gzas sacxovrebeli nagebobis sajalaboSi ganTavsebuli Suacecxlis<br />
sakvamuri 1 warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. xalxuri sqema keras Suasknelad Tu moiazreb<strong>da</strong>, romelic ciuri<br />
jaWviT zesknels ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong>, maSin igi qveskneliskenac un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo orientirebuli,<br />
razec araerTi eTnografiuli faqti migviTiTebs. koordinantTa aseT vertikalur<br />
ganzomilebaSi <strong>da</strong>culi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo ierarqiuli struqturac: zesknelSi^_<br />
RvTis mrevlis arealSi RmerTi <strong>da</strong> angelozebi binadrobdnen, xolo qvesknelSi _ qTonuri,<br />
miwisqveSeTis Ramiseuli RvTaebebi. vertikalur <strong>da</strong> horizontalur ganzomilebeb-<br />
Si demonTa <strong>da</strong> RvTaebaTa sxva tipis jgufebsac TavianTi gansakuTrebuli adgili ekavaT.<br />
amgvari gra<strong>da</strong>cia ferTa simbolikaSic aisaxebo<strong>da</strong> TeTri, wiTeli <strong>da</strong> Savi ferebis<br />
saxiT, rac mTlianobaSi jvrisa <strong>da</strong> mzis, rogorc wriulobisa <strong>da</strong> maradiulobis gamoxatulebis<br />
sistemaSi iyo moqceuli. am sistemaSi RvTaebaTa TiToeul jgufs TavisTavadi<br />
funqcia gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. samyaros mowyobis kosmogoniur struqturaSi TiToeuli gansakuTrebuli<br />
funqciuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis matarebeli iyo Sesabamisi astraluri niSnebiTa Tu sakraluri<br />
simboloebiT. es niSnebi <strong>da</strong> simboloebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Tavs iCen<strong>da</strong> tradiciul rwmena-warmodgenebSi,<br />
sakulto ritualebSi, materialur kulturasa <strong>da</strong> ornamentSi, demonologiur<br />
azrovnebaSi, miTebSi, gadmocemebsa <strong>da</strong> zRaprebSi. tradiciuli rwmeniT, a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />
sakralur ganzomilebaTa ga<strong>da</strong>laxva gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde ar ZaluZ<strong>da</strong>T an paralelur<br />
ganzomilebaSi moxvedras manam ver axerebdnen, sanam maT xorciel yofas grZneuleba<br />
ar Seipyrob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
kudiani Cadio<strong>da</strong> mindorSi mdebare Zervenaxis qvaze. es qva wamoyudebuli iyo. kudiani<br />
marcxena fexs ga<strong>da</strong>abijeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> rompapTan Sedio<strong>da</strong>. iq erT wisqvilTan sxva kudianebi<br />
iyvnen Tavmoyrilni. maT saqonlis rZe rom mihqon<strong>da</strong>T rompapTan am wisqvilze afqvevdnen@<br />
<strong>da</strong> satanas saWmels umzadebdnen. kudianebis nawili Semdeg ukan^_ saxlSi mifrinav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo nawili _ rompapTan rCebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>rCenilni azustebdnen momaval Sexvedraze<br />
ra sur<strong>da</strong> rompaps saCuqrad. SesaZloa mas ama Tu im qalis Zroxis rZe, bavSvis Tvalis<br />
kakali an gamonadeni sisxli moeTxova 2 . TiTqmis aseve aqvs <strong>da</strong>suraTebuli T. saxokias<br />
guriaSi <strong>da</strong>mowmebuli mRalavi. misi monacemebiT, mRalavebs a<strong>da</strong>mianis guli uyvar<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
zogs rokapTan _ mRalavebis ufrosTan ZRvnad axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qalis guli mihqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
romelsac sabinadro tabakonis mTaze hqon<strong>da</strong>, zogs <strong>axali</strong> jvar<strong>da</strong>werilisa, sxvebs dedis<br />
pirmSosi, gansakuTrebiT ki imaTi, vinc sicocxles mxolod iwyeb<strong>da</strong>. rokapTan misuli<br />
mRalavi mivido<strong>da</strong> Tu ara satanasTan, xelSi qvas aiReb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> rokapis kbilebze akakuneb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
rokapi SeinZreo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ekiTxebo<strong>da</strong>: `vin mosulxar?~. mRalavi pasuxob<strong>da</strong>: `me<br />
gaxlavar~ _ warmoTqvam<strong>da</strong> saxelsa <strong>da</strong> gvars <strong>da</strong> Tan <strong>da</strong>amateb<strong>da</strong>: `dido mowyaleo^ batono<br />
<strong>da</strong> Cveno mfarvelo! erTi weliwadia ar gxlebivar, axla geaxeliT <strong>da</strong> mogarTviT guli<br />
(saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari). amis patrons movuSxame sicocxle. es iyo^ axla <strong>da</strong>iwera jvari<br />
<strong>da</strong> saukunod gamovasalme Tavis saqmros, cxovrebis sitkbo arc ki ugemnia~. rokapi xarob<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`baraqala^ kargad giqnia. kvlavac gaxsovdes Seni batoni, imisi pativiscema icode~.<br />
aseTi <strong>da</strong>rigebis Semdeg rokapi <strong>da</strong> mRalavi erTmaneTs Sordebo<strong>da</strong>. mRalavi rokap-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong> kudianTa mrevlTan _ sxva mRalavebTan erTad gaTenebamde rCebo<strong>da</strong>, gaTenebisas<br />
ki _ Tavis sofelSi brundebo<strong>da</strong>. im mRalavT, romlebic xelcarielni midiodnen rokap-<br />
Tan, kudianTa ufrosi saSinlad urisxdebo<strong>da</strong> 3 . analogiuri viTareba saqarTvelos sxva<br />
mxaris demonologiur gadmocemebSic <strong>da</strong>sturdeba. imereTSi demonologiur Tqmulebeb-<br />
Si mkafiod iyo warmodgenili grZneulTa maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, romlebic aRiniSnebodnen<br />
terminebiT: kudiani <strong>da</strong> tura 4 . aseve, imereTSi demonologiur rwmena-warmodgenebSi<br />
naTla<strong>da</strong>a asaxuli kudianTa funqciuri mimarTeba demonTa samyaros yvelaze maRal<br />
1 Sdr. <strong>da</strong>rbazul sacxovrebelSi de<strong>da</strong>boZis funqciasa <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>boZis ornamentTa tradiciul gaazrebas _<br />
<strong>da</strong>wvr. ix. ir. surgulaZe, qarTuli xalxuri ornamentis simbolika (Tbilisi, 1986).<br />
2 j. noRaideli, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 67-68.<br />
3 T. saxokia, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 50.<br />
4 imereTSi arsebobs gamoTqma: `esa <strong>da</strong> es a<strong>da</strong>miani turaobso~, raSic igulisxmeba, rom eWvmitanili piri kudianobs.<br />
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