axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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zauroba siuJetis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawilia, gveleSapi antagonistia <strong>da</strong><br />
mas sastiki brZolis Semdeg amarcxebs gmiri.<br />
gvelTmebrZolobis motivi, v. propis gamokvleviT, manamde arsebuli sxva motivebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ganviTar<strong>da</strong>, kerZod, gveleSapis mier gmiris CanTqmis motivi<strong>da</strong>n, rac Tavis mxriv iniciaciis<br />
rituals warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> 1 . sayuradReboa is, rom gmiris gveleSapis mucelSi yofna<br />
ar aris jadosnuri zRaprisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli motivi (jadosnuri zRapari desakralizirebulia).<br />
qarTul folklorSi amgvari ram mxolod arazRaprul eposSi SeiZleba<br />
Segvxvdes. amis saukeTeso magaliTia amiranis Tqmuleba. jadosnur zRaparSi ki<br />
gveleSapis muclis magivrad aris qveskneli. gmiri Cadis qvesknelSi <strong>da</strong> iq ebrZvis urCxuls.<br />
maT orTabrZolas ufro a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> nadiris Serkinebis saxe aqvs <strong>da</strong> realobasTan<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>axloebuli.<br />
gvelTmebrZolobis motivi TavisTavad Zalian Zvelia. gveleSapisTvis qaliSvilis<br />
msxverplad Sewirvis rituali<strong>da</strong>n momdinare miTma sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari cvlileba ganica<strong>da</strong>.<br />
prof. T. qurdovaniZis gamokvleviT, `miTsa <strong>da</strong> zRaparSi gmirobad gagebuli veSapis mokvla<br />
hagiografiaSi saswaula<strong>da</strong>a kvalificirebuli~ 2 . ase rom, gveleSapis <strong>da</strong>marcxebis<br />
motivs qristianobamde ukve hqon<strong>da</strong> is Sinaarsi, rac Semdgom qristianulma simbolikam<br />
mzamzareuli saxiT gamoiyena.<br />
im zRaprebSic, sa<strong>da</strong>c gmiri qvesknelis gveleSaps amarcxebs <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>miwaze gamarjvebuli<br />
amodis, sxva tipis zRaprebze metad Cans qristianuli azrovnebis niSnebi.<br />
xalxuri zRaprebis gvelTmebrZolobis motivSi erTmniSvnelovnad aris gamoxatuli<br />
borotebis <strong>da</strong>marcxebis idea.<br />
qvesknelis gveleSapis gamoCena <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia sami Zmis zRaparTa tipisaTvis<br />
(ATU 301) 3 , romelSic qristianuli simbolikis mkafio niSnebi Cans. maTSi TvalsaCinod<br />
aris warmodgenili zRapris gmiris nebis Tavisufleba 4 . arCevanis unariT zRapris gmiri<br />
Suasaukuneebis saraindo eposis gmirsa <strong>da</strong> qristian martvils emsgavseba 5 . igi TviTon<br />
irCevs gansacdeliT aRsavse gzas, romelsac is sabolood samu<strong>da</strong>mo bednierebasTan mihyavs.<br />
is Cadis qvesknelSi, amarcxebs gveleSaps, Sin brundeba <strong>da</strong> mamisagan gvirgvins imsaxurebs.<br />
am tipis zRaprebis mTavari gmiris cxovrebis gza yovelmxriv Seesabameba<br />
qristianuli eTikis normebs 6 <strong>da</strong> araerTgzis SeiZleba mivuTiToT Segonebebi saxarebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
agreTve „klemaqsi<strong>da</strong>n“:<br />
„viTarca mxe<strong>da</strong>ri romlisa piri mowylul arn brZolasa Sina, ara ugulebels yvis<br />
mefeman, aramed miscis niWi <strong>da</strong> pativi, egreTve monozoni, romelsa friadni Wirni <strong>da</strong><br />
gansacdelni Tavs esxmian brZolasa Sina eSmakTasa, gvirgvinosan yos igi meufeman saukuneman<br />
qristesman gvirgviniTa miT sixarulisaTa“ (27, LXIII).<br />
gveleSapis <strong>da</strong>marcxebis simbolikas erTi <strong>da</strong> imave interpretacia eZleva asketikuri<br />
Janris nawarmoebsa <strong>da</strong> xalxur zRaparSi. is, rom sami Zmis tipis zRaprebSi gveleSapi<br />
absolutur borotebas ganasaxierebs, swored qristianobis gavlena un<strong>da</strong> iyos. xalxur<br />
zRaparSic <strong>da</strong> qristianul xelovnebaSic gveleSapi <strong>da</strong>Trgunvadia. gveleSapis funqcia<br />
siuJetis ganviTarebaSi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amarcxon.<br />
1 Пропп В. Я., Исторические корни волшебной сказки (Ленинград, 1986), cтр. 242.<br />
2 T. qurdovaniZe, stadialuri cvlilebebi..., gv. 263.<br />
3 sanam gmiri qvesknelSi aRmoCndeba, mas aseTi Tavga<strong>da</strong>savali aqvs ga<strong>da</strong>tanili: ufros ZmebTan erTad midis<br />
mamis <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesasruleblad, gzajvaredinze sami warwera xvdebaT, romelTagan erT-erTi saxifaTo<br />
gzas mianiSnebs. umcrosi Zma Tavisi surviliT irCevs yvelaze Znel gzas. Zmebi <strong>da</strong>Tqmul droze isev am<br />
adgilas un<strong>da</strong> Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. umcrosi Zma mopovebuli saunjiT <strong>da</strong> sacolesTan erTad brundeba. Zmebi<br />
SuriT WaSi agdeben mas <strong>da</strong> mis monapovars iTviseben. WaSi sami sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva feris Txa (cxvari, raSi) gamoivlis,<br />
romelTagan TeTrs gmiris zemoT amoyvana SeuZlia, Savs ki qvesknelSi Cagdeba <strong>da</strong> umcrosi Zma<br />
SemTxveviT Savze jdeba. qvesknelSi is erTi de<strong>da</strong>bris saxlSi <strong>da</strong>binavdeba, romlisganac igebs, rom am<br />
qveyanaSi wyali gveleSaps uWiravs.<br />
4 e. gogiaSvili, zRapris erTi qristianuli aspeqti (arCevani), religia, # 4-5-6 (Tbilisi, 2000), gv. 61-65.<br />
5 folkloristi b. abaSiZe msgavsebas aRniSnav<strong>da</strong> agreTve miTosur gmirsa <strong>da</strong> qristianul wmin<strong>da</strong>ns Soris:<br />
„qarTveli xalxis warmosaxviT miTiuri gmiri (Wabuki) zea<strong>da</strong>mianuria, rogorc ZaliT, ise moxerxebiT; a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebis surviliTa <strong>da</strong> gonierebiT ki uaxlovdeba qristianul wmin<strong>da</strong>nebs, romlis Camoyalibebis<br />
wina saxed qarTuli miTuri amirani (igive Wabuki) migvaCnia“. b. abaSiZe, miTologiis zogierTi saki-<br />
Txi qarTul zepirsityvierebaSi (Tbilisi, 1984), gv. 43.<br />
6 e. gogiaSvili, jadosnuri zRapris miTosuri <strong>da</strong> religiuri aspeqtebi, disertacia (Tbilisi, 2002), gv. 85-100.<br />
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