axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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politika <strong>da</strong> Cagrul erTa mdgomareoba ukrainaSi <strong>da</strong> kavkasiaSi. erT-erTi germanuli gazeTis<br />
re<strong>da</strong>qtori paul Seferi, romelic erT dros ruseTis didi megobari iyo, ruseT-safrangeTis<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>usxmelobis paqts ase afaseb<strong>da</strong>: `moskovis gza ukve savsebiT winaswar moxazulia. moskovel<br />
batonT SeuZliaT iarsebon mxolod Tavisi programiT <strong>da</strong> ara sxvanairad. imaT burJuaziul<br />
saxelmwifoebTan kavSiri sWirdebaT, mxolod, Tavisi poziciebis gasamagreblad. xolo<br />
roca ki sakmaod momagrdebian, im wamsve burJuaziul evropas Tavs <strong>da</strong>esxmian“ 1 .<br />
ruseT-safrangeTis SeTanxmebas italiuri presac gamoexmaura. `gazeta del popolo“-<br />
Si, romelic italiis mmarTveli wreebis azrs gamoxatav<strong>da</strong>, akademikosi <strong>da</strong> senatori fran-<br />
Cesko kopola wer<strong>da</strong>: `safrangeTi cdilobs ruseTTan <strong>da</strong>axlovebas <strong>da</strong> aviwydeba, rom warsulSi<br />
ruseTma araerTxel uRalata. aviwydeba isic, rom dRevandeli ruseTi araa Zveli<br />
ruseTi _ saxelmwifo wesierebis <strong>da</strong> tradiciis, aramed aris sabWoebis ruseTi, romlis<br />
mizania evropaSi arsebuli wesierebis <strong>da</strong> civilizaciis <strong>da</strong>rRveva, <strong>da</strong> am ruseTs dRes ganageben<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romelTac 1917 wels ukuagdes ara Tu yoveli samxedro <strong>da</strong> politikuri<br />
valdebuleba, aramed finansuric. parizSi ar un<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong>inaxon, rom swored es a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
ewevian safrangeTSi gacxarebul propagan<strong>da</strong>s orwliani samxedro samsaxuris winaaRmdeg,<br />
SeaqvT areuloba jariskacebSi <strong>da</strong> yovelnairad cdiloben frangebis mdgomareobis garTulebas,<br />
rom socialuri revolucia mouwyon. evropis dRevandeli politikis SecdomaTa<br />
Soris ruseT-safrangeTis xelSekruleba, ueWvelia yvelaze ufro <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia <strong>da</strong><br />
yvelaze ufro mavnebeli... frangebi cdiloben rac SeiZleba meti xelSekruleba gamoplanon<br />
qaRaldze <strong>da</strong> ar eridebian iseTsac, romelsac saerTo SexedulebiT araviTari sargeblobis<br />
motana ar SeuZlia... mSvidobianobis <strong>da</strong> wesierebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad eyrdnobian im bol-<br />
Sevikebs, romlebic yvelaze metad ebrZvian mSvidobianobas... isini fizikurad ver SeZleben<br />
<strong>da</strong>exmaron safrangeTs, vinai<strong>da</strong>n poloneTi ar gaatarebs wiTel armias Tavis teritoriaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> ruseT-safrangeTis <strong>da</strong>kavSirebis Sedegi is iqneba, rom poloneTi kidev ufro <strong>da</strong>uaxlovdeba<br />
germanias... evropis saxelmwifoebi un<strong>da</strong> SeerTdnen ruseTis winaaRmdeg“ 2 .<br />
1932 wlis ruseT-safrangeTis paqtiT yvelaze metad saqarTvelos interesebi <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong>.<br />
qarTuli legacia, romelic parizSi saqarTvelos pirveli demokratuli respublikis<br />
arsebobis ukanasknel Zafs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, 1933 wlis ivlisSi gauqm<strong>da</strong>. safrangeTSi qarTulma<br />
legaciam 12 weli <strong>da</strong> 5 Tve iarseba. 1921 wli<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli, rodesac 25 Tebervals demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavrobis elCma ak. Cxenkelma rwmunebis sigeli ga<strong>da</strong>sca safrangeTis<br />
mTavrobis meTaurs milierans, sabWoTa ruseTi aTasnair xerxs mimarTav<strong>da</strong>, raTa moexsnaT<br />
samferovani droSa erT naWer teritoriaze, parizSi, patara saqarTvelod rom iwodebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
1925 wlis pirvel ianvars, roca diplomatiuri korpusi safrangeTis prezidents elises<br />
sasaxleSi warudga, saqarTvelos warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, rogorc sabWoTa elCi, aseve emigraciaSi<br />
myofi saqarTvelos erovnuli mTavrobis elCi, ramac moskovis mier <strong>da</strong>niSnuli elCis<br />
krasinis SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. man protestis niSnad Tanamdebobi<strong>da</strong>n gaTavisufleba moiTxova.<br />
SemdegSi krasini rakovskim Secvala <strong>da</strong> es ukanaskneli ki dovgalevskim, paralelurad<br />
midio<strong>da</strong> sabWoTa xelisuflebis brZola qarTuli legaciis gasauqmeblad 3 .<br />
sabWoTa ruseTis xelmZRvanelebi safrangeTTan <strong>da</strong>debul xelSekrulebas, rusuli<br />
politikis gamarjvebad miiCnevdnen, rac Semdeg ssrk-is erTa ligaSi miRebiT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvin<strong>da</strong>.<br />
safrangeTTan <strong>da</strong>debulma 1932 wlis Tav<strong>da</strong>usxmelobis paqtma, ruseTs erTa liga-<br />
Si Sesvlis garantia misca. realurad arc inglisi iyo ruseTis erTa ligaSi miRebis<br />
winaaRmdegi, Tu ruseTis xelisufleba raime gansakuTrebul pirobas ar wamoayeneb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sabWoTa ruseTis mTavrobam ico<strong>da</strong> ra yovelive es, Tavi Seikava yovelgvari pirobebis<br />
wamoyenebisagan. 1934 wlis 18 seqtembers sabWoTa kavSiri miRebuli iqna erTa ligaSi,<br />
romelsac leninma, rodesac is Seiqmna (1919-1920 wlebis versalis xelSekrulebiT), banditebis<br />
sakrebulo uwo<strong>da</strong>. erTa ligis paqtis XX muxliT, ligaSi Semavali <strong>axali</strong> wevri<br />
movale iyo Tavi gaeTavisuflebina nakisr valdebulebaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevisagan. aseTi iyo<br />
ruseTis mier 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebis ugulvebelyofa. erTa ligam, jer kidev,<br />
1922-1924 wlebSi miRebuli rezoluciebiT ivaldebula <strong>da</strong>ecva saqarTvelos sakiTxi.<br />
1924 wlis maisSi erTa ligis <strong>da</strong>mxmare sazogadoebam inglisSi saerTaSoriso kongresi<br />
moiwvia, romelsac qarTveli emigrantebic eswrebodnen.Kkongresze saqarTvelos<br />
sakiTxi <strong>da</strong>isva, ramac didi kamaTi gamoiwvia. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, miRebuli iqna saqarTve-<br />
1 Tav<strong>da</strong>usxmelobis paqti safrangeTs..., gv. 3.<br />
2 iqve, gv. 4.<br />
3 l. saraliZe, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 186-209.<br />
383
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