axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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lela saraliZe<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa <strong>da</strong> eTnologiis instituti<br />
ruseT-safrangeTis 1932 wlis<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>usxmelobis paqti <strong>da</strong> qarTuli emigracia<br />
sabWoTa ruseTis xelisufleba yovelmxriv cdilob<strong>da</strong>, xeli SeeSala qarTveli<br />
xalxis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolisTvis emigraciaSi. bolSevikebis yuradReba<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d safrangeTisken iyo mimarTuli, sa<strong>da</strong>c qarTuli politikuri emigracia imyofebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
qarTveli emigrantebi saqarTvelos ganviTarebis evropul gzas qveynis warmatebis<br />
erTaderT saSualebad miiCnevdnen. ruseTis sabWoTa xelisufleba ki <strong>da</strong>savleTis<br />
qveynebs burJuaziul saxelmwifoebad Tvli<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gasabWoebul saqarTveloSi maT winaaRmdeg<br />
farTo agitacias eweo<strong>da</strong>. qarTveli emigrantebi saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi<br />
ruseTis integraciis winaaRmdegi iyvnen. isini yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa evropeli xalxisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong> politikosebisTvis rus xelisufalTa namdvili saxe eCvenebinaT. emigraciaSi<br />
myofi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli mTavrobis Tavmjdomare<br />
noe ramiSvili sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier saqarTvelos Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiT aneqsias ase afaseb<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`...ruseTis komunizmi xmliTa <strong>da</strong> maxviliT SemoiWra saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amxo demokratiuli<br />
respublika. ruseTis komunizmis xiSti saqarTvelos demokratias <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ra aris demokratia? ras warmoadgens komunizmi! demokratia xalxis batonobaa.<br />
Tavisufali <strong>da</strong> sayovelTao arCevnebiT xalxi Tavis beds TviTonve sWris <strong>da</strong> qveyanas<br />
Tavis gemoze <strong>da</strong> Tavisi interesebis mixedviT ganagebs. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi<br />
qveynis uzenaesi Zala TviT xalxia, misi neba <strong>da</strong> survili ganviTarebis safuZvelia, misi<br />
goneba <strong>da</strong> gamWriaxoba qveynis saWea. Secdomisagan ar aris uzrunvelyofili arc erTi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani, arc romelime klasi an mTeli sazogadoeba. magram demokratiis batonobis xanaSi<br />
yvela sargeblobs Tavisufali aspareziT, Tavisufali sityviT... demokratia sauke-<br />
Teso nia<strong>da</strong>gia materialuri <strong>da</strong> sulieri kulturis asayvaveblad <strong>da</strong> ai es wyobileba<br />
CvenSi <strong>da</strong>angria rusulma xiStma...“ 1 .<br />
sabWoTa xelmZRvaneloba antisabWoTa emigraciis saqmianobas did safrTxed miiCnev<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> gaSmagebiT ibrZo<strong>da</strong> qarTveli patriotebis winaaRmdeg. 1930 wlis 11 agvistos saqarTvelos<br />
komunisturi partiis centralur komitetSi specialuri TaTbiri gaimarTa.<br />
igi politikuri emigraciis winaaRmdeg brZolis strategiul <strong>da</strong> taqtikur sakiTxebs mieZRvna.<br />
Sekreba gaxsna sabWoTa saqarTvelos kompartiis mdivanma samson mamuliam. man<br />
Tqva: `amxanagebo, menSevikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxi yovelTvis idga partiis<br />
dRis wesrigSi <strong>da</strong> dRes, amdeni wlis Semdeg, igi kidev ufro Zlier gvaRelvebs Cven. un<strong>da</strong><br />
vaRiaroT, rom qarTuli menSevizmi dRes ukve namdvili realobaa <strong>da</strong> igi sulac ar<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli rogorc ideologiurad, ise fizikurad. amdenad, naTelia, rom igi<br />
CvenTvis did saSiSroebas warmoadgens dRes, swored maSin, roca Cveni partia uamravi<br />
problemiT CixSia moqceuli. Cven ara gvaqvs ufleba <strong>da</strong>vmaloT is, rom gasuli wlis<br />
gazafxulze brZolis sulis Camdgmelebi swored kontrrevolucioneri menSevikebi <strong>da</strong><br />
kulakebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong> am brZolaSi, romelic Cven maT winaaRmdeg gavmarTeT, <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli<br />
Cven aRmovCndiT. Cven seriozulad un<strong>da</strong> CavufiqrdeT am faqts, TiToeulma CvenTaganma<br />
sakmaod gaiazros movlenebi, menSevikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxi mTeli Tavisi si-<br />
RrmiT un<strong>da</strong> iqnas Seswavlili...“ 2 . imave TaTbirze sityviT gamovi<strong>da</strong> sabWoTa saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo politikuri sammarTvelos ufrosi lavrenti beria. Tavisi gamosvla<br />
man ase <strong>da</strong>iwyo: `amxanagebo, menSevikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxi yovelTvis ipyrob<strong>da</strong><br />
Cven yuradRebas, rameTu mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT saqarTvelos menSevikuri<br />
partia yvelaze ufro Zlieri <strong>da</strong> gavleniania kontrrevoluciur organizaciaTa Soris.<br />
swored amitomac, menSevikebis winaaRmdeg brZola did energias moiTxovs, isini<br />
jer kidev ar arian <strong>da</strong>marcxebulni <strong>da</strong> Cvenc aucileblad gvmarTebs miviRoT maT winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis aucilebeli zomebi. es imdenad aucilebelia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c menSevizmi<br />
gavlenas axdens Cveni partiis generaluri xazis yvela mimarTulebaze... Cveni valia ga-<br />
1 n. ramiSvili, rusuli komunizmi <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos demokratia (parizi, 1923), gv. 39.<br />
2 g. sulaZe, qarTuli antisabWoTa emigracia <strong>da</strong> specsamsaxurebi (1918-1953) (Tbilisi, 2010), gv. 178.<br />
380
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