axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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zesTas, RvTaebrivis, mefe-winamZRolis <strong>da</strong>kargvam egviptis sazogadoeba gare <strong>da</strong> Sina<br />
qaosamde miiyvana. Zveli, arqauli wesrigis ngrevis Semdgomi istoriis manZilze egviptelebi<br />
mravaljer Seecadnen <strong>axali</strong> wesrigi epovnaT. erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
mcdeloba ukavSirdeba faraon amenhoteb IV, romelic Zv. w. aR. 1375-1358 wlebSi mefob<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> sakuTar Tavs exnatons uwodeb<strong>da</strong>. igi fanatikuri mizanswrafviT, gacilebiT win rom<br />
uswreb<strong>da</strong> mis Tanamedroveobas, Seeca<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianuri <strong>da</strong> RvTaebrivi sferoebi erTmaneTisagan<br />
gamoeyo. Zvel RmerTebs, romlebic ukve sxva aRaraferi iyvnen, Tu ara ganRmrTobili<br />
mokv<strong>da</strong>vebi, man atoni, mze Caanacvla. amave dros Tavisi mimdevrebis yuradReba,<br />
mzis diskos winaSe qeds rom ixridnen, imaze metad yovlismomcveli <strong>da</strong> Soreuli Zalisaken<br />
mimarTa, vidre es TvalismomWreli mnaTobi iyo. maSin, rodesac xalxs kvlav<br />
sjero<strong>da</strong>, rom RmerTi ubralod Zlevamosili miwieri, bunebiTi formebis mqone arseba<br />
iyo, exnatonma sajarod gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom RmerTi uformo arsebaa, is aris mizezis Tesli<br />
<strong>da</strong> siyvarulis Zala, romelic msWvalavs yovelives drosa <strong>da</strong> sivrceSi. exnatonma<br />
ver SeZlo sakuTari abstraqtuli monoTeizmis aRiarebisaTvis mieRwia. gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebis<br />
Semdeg igi sajarod gamoacxades gandgomilad <strong>da</strong> eretikosad. mxolod 1350 wlis Semdeg<br />
mediteranuli kacobrioba kvlav <strong>da</strong>dga RmerTsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis<br />
mkafiod gamijvnis pirispir. sakiTxi wamoiWra maSin, rodesac monoTeisti ebraeli<br />
xalxi romis imperias <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong>. es Sexvedra marTebulad miiCneva gar<strong>da</strong>mtex<br />
momentad, Semobrunebis wertilad Cvens kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi. es iyo Sexvedra ara mxolod ori<br />
xalxisa, aramed ori figuris, romelTa upiratesobiTac un<strong>da</strong> warmarTuliyo momavali<br />
<strong>istoria</strong>: qristesi, visi samefo ar aris amqveyniuri <strong>da</strong> keisris, imperiis mmarTvelisa.<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad Sexedulebebi am ori samyaros Sesaxeb naTlad gamokveTili ar iyo. xSirad<br />
mesianuri ideebi gareT iyo mimarTuli. qriste, jvarzec ki, mefed _ REX – iwodebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
meore mxriv, antoniusma <strong>da</strong> misma megobrebma keisars, Divus Julius-s (RvTaebrivi iuliusi<br />
_ n. R.) namdvili pasioni miuZRvnes. masSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
`misi RvTaebrivi warmomavloba imdenad namdvili iyo,<br />
rom mas cxovrebaSi mxolod erTi mizani hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo ga<strong>da</strong>erCina is, vinc ga<strong>da</strong>sarCeni<br />
iyo. isini misgan Sendobas manam Rebulobdnen, sanam<br />
patiebas iTxovdnen, maSinac ki iyvnen ga<strong>da</strong>rCenili,<br />
vidre gaacnobierebdnen, rom safrTxe emuqrebo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
Tavad arasodes mimarTav<strong>da</strong> TxovniT mas, vis mimarTac<br />
mowyale yofila, <strong>da</strong> swored man, de<strong>da</strong>samSoblos<br />
mamam, uvnebma, naxevrad RmerTma, sikvdili iwvnia,<br />
<strong>da</strong>ikla senatSi, SeuiaraRebeli Zlevamosili<br />
sar<strong>da</strong>li, mSvidobis <strong>da</strong>umarcxebeli imperatori<br />
ganigmira sakuTari TanamebrZolebis mier, ganigmira<br />
is, visac yovelTvis ebralebo<strong>da</strong> isini~.<br />
<strong>da</strong> ai, keisris memkvidre avgustusi virgiliusma mesiisa <strong>da</strong> mxsnelis rangSi aiyvana.<br />
amgvarad, Cven vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom mefe-RmerTze, mxsnel-ufliswulze ocneba imxanad cxoveli<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong> naTlad ikveTebo<strong>da</strong> survili _ is erTi kvlav exilaT zemoT: qriste – mefed,<br />
keisari ki _ mesiad.<br />
istoriis ganviTarebis gza gaxleCamde mivi<strong>da</strong>, rac imas niSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom eklesia <strong>da</strong><br />
RmerTi saxelmwifosTan erTad erT mxares idgnen, xolo keisari _ meore mxares. axla samyaros<br />
sxva zesTa hqon<strong>da</strong>, magram ara iseTi unificirebuli, rogorc egviptur pirami<strong>da</strong>-saxelmwifoSi<br />
iyo, romelsac mefe-RmerTi ganageb<strong>da</strong>. zesTa iyo wyvili _ RmerTi <strong>da</strong> keisari.<br />
xSirad am or Zalas Soris ukiduresi <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba sufev<strong>da</strong>. Sua saukuneebSi eklesiasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saero mmarTvelebs Soris brZola ganviTarebis mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.Ñkanosa<br />
eklesiis gamarjvebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>,´Apapebis avinionSi gandevna ki – ufliswulebisa.<br />
sabolood Si<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>trialebebma: eklesiaSi reformaciam, xolo saxelmwifo-<br />
Si taxtis memkvidreobisaTvis warmarTulma omebma <strong>da</strong> revoluciebma – magaliTad, inglissa<br />
<strong>da</strong> safrangeTSi _ Seqmnes is safuZvlebi, romlebze<strong>da</strong>c evropa dgas. magram<br />
mTlianobaSi struqtura qvemo<strong>da</strong>n zesTasken bolo dromde gamaogneblad myari rCebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
evropis kontinentze a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Tavs usafrTxod miiCnevdnen, rodesac icodnen, rom imperators,<br />
mefes an mTavrobas xelT epyra saxelmwifos sa<strong>da</strong>veebi, xolo metafizikur<br />
planSi maT beds ufali ganageb<strong>da</strong>. ga<strong>da</strong>trialebebi iyo ubedureba, romelic un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Z-<br />
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