axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
salome baxia-oqruaSvili<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa <strong>da</strong> eTnologiis instituti<br />
afxazuri rwmena-warmodgenebi eTnikuri istoriis konteqstSi<br />
sulier kulturas eTnosis funqcionirebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. afxazi<br />
mosaxleobis saukunoebriv sazogadoebriv Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebas saqarTvelos<br />
teritoriaze ideologiac Seesabamebo<strong>da</strong>. afxazebis poliTeisturi religiuri rwmenawarmodgenebi<br />
yovelTvis SesamCnev gavlenas axdendnen rogorc maT eTnikur cnobierebaze,<br />
ise eTnikur erTobliobaze. marTalia, afxazeTis teritoriaze migrirebul pirvel<br />
nakads Tan winareqristianuli sulieri kultura mohqon<strong>da</strong>, magram afxazTa ideologia<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve qristianuli religiis gavleniT yalibdebo<strong>da</strong> 1 . lazikaSi ukve I saukuni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
andria pirvelwodebulis mier qa<strong>da</strong>gebul qristianul moZRvrebas qarTvelur tomebTan<br />
erTad afxazebis winaprebic un<strong>da</strong> ziarebodnen. cnobilia, rom V saukuneSi iustinianes<br />
mefobis dros `afxaznica Seicvalnes umjobesad <strong>da</strong> qristianobisa Seiwynares qa<strong>da</strong>geba~<br />
2 . am regionSi qristianuli religiis saboloo gamarjvebas garkveuli gavlena un<strong>da</strong><br />
moexdina afxazebzec, radganac VIII saukuneSi wmin<strong>da</strong> abom ixila `qveyana igi savse qristes<br />
sarwmunoebiTa <strong>da</strong> aravin urwmunoTagani mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa~ 3 , rac<br />
imaze mianiSneb<strong>da</strong>, rom VIII saukuneSi afxazeTis Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleT nawilSi uZvelesi<br />
xani<strong>da</strong>n qristianuli qarTveluri mosaxleobis Zlieri gavlenis qveS myofi migraciuli<br />
adreuli talRa eTnikurad <strong>da</strong> kulturulad ukve asimilirebuli iyo. afxazur enaSi<br />
SemorCenili qristianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli terminebi <strong>da</strong> zogierTi dReoba-dResaswaulebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebebi qarTuli eni<strong>da</strong>n iyo Sesuli 4 . afxazeTis teritorii<strong>da</strong>n qristianoba<br />
Crdilo-kavkasiaSic gavrcel<strong>da</strong>. adiReSi ramdenime qristianuli Zeglic aSen<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />
XIII saukuneSi Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebs Tavs monRolTa gamanadgurebeli Semosevebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>aty<strong>da</strong>, rasac mosaxleobis masobrivi Jleta <strong>da</strong> Zarcva sdev<strong>da</strong> Tan 5 . am droi<strong>da</strong>n aq<br />
qristianobis gavrcelebas mxolod epizoduri xasiaTi hqon<strong>da</strong> 6 . XV saukuni<strong>da</strong>n adiReSi<br />
islami SeiWra. 1453 wels osmalebis mier konstantinepolis <strong>da</strong>pyrobis Semdgom adiReb-<br />
Si Turqebisa <strong>da</strong> yirimis xanebis ZalisxmeviT islamis gavrceleba sakmaod gaaqtiur<strong>da</strong> 7 .<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>mpyroblebisagan Seviwroebulma mosaxleobam <strong>axali</strong> talRebis saxiT saqarTvelos<br />
teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>iwyo Camosaxleba. mTi<strong>da</strong>n Camowolil mosaxleobas islamuri<br />
religia Tan mohqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> nel-nela qristian afxazebSic avrceleb<strong>da</strong>. am garemoebam<br />
xeli Seuwyo maTSi qristianuli religiis Sesustebas. magram afxazebSi farTo gavceleba<br />
verc islamma hpova. es orive religia ver Seenacvla verc Cerqezebisa (adiRebis)<br />
<strong>da</strong> verc afxazebis uZveles rwmena-warmodgenebs <strong>da</strong> kultebs. aseTma viTarebam mxolod<br />
religiuri sinkretizmis Camoyalibebas Seuwyo xeli. qristianoba <strong>da</strong> musulmanoba, rogorc<br />
wignieri religiebi, umwerlobo mcire xalxebisaTvis ucxo enaze vrceldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
droTa viTarebaSi mosaxleoba am religiebis gavlenisagan Tavisufldebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yurad-<br />
Reba `sakuTari~ konservatiuli tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong> realur ritualur qcevebze ga<strong>da</strong>hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rac maTTvis TviTmyofadobis, eTnikurobis simboloc xdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amdenad, XV saukunis 70-ian wlebamde `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ <strong>da</strong> samarTlis ZeglebSi<br />
warmarTul religiasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli monacemebi ar arsebobs <strong>da</strong> rac mTavaria,<br />
afxazeTis mosaxleoba arc religiurad <strong>da</strong> arc eTnokulturulad diferencirebuli<br />
ar Cans. iq mcxovrebi araqarTveluri mosaxleoba qristianul ideologiasa <strong>da</strong> qarTul<br />
mosaxleobasac un<strong>da</strong> Serwymo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> asimilaciac ganeca<strong>da</strong>. magram XV saukunis meore naxevri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
centralizebuli saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>Slis procesma afxazeTis mosazRvre jiqur-<br />
1 georgika, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, I (Tbilisi, 1961), gv. 214.<br />
2 iqve, gv. 215.<br />
3 ioane sabanisZe, habos wameba, qarTuli proza, I (Tbilisi, 1981), gv. 128<br />
4 Бжания В. Н., Из истории хозяйство и культуры абхазов (Сухуми, 1973), 261; T. gvancelaZe, enobrivi monacemebi <strong>da</strong> ma-<br />
Ti mniSvneloba afxazeTis eTnikuri istoriis kvlevisaTvis, afxazeTis istoriis problemebi (Tbilisi, 1998),<br />
gv. 44-46.<br />
5 Crdilo kavkasiis xalxTa istoriis narkvevebi (Tbilisi, 1969), gv. 76.<br />
6 iqve, gv. 80.<br />
7 Ногмов Ш. Б., История адыгского народа (Тбилиси, 1861).<br />
415
Change language