axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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wlebSi, Semdeg ki amerikaSi, iaponiaSi, CineTSi <strong>da</strong> a.S. islamuri saxelmwifoebi<strong>da</strong>n es kalen<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
pirvelad TurqeTma SemoiRo, 1926 wels, Semdeg ki sxvebmac.<br />
marTlmadidebelma qveynebma iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri XX s-is <strong>da</strong>sawyisamde SeinarCunes.<br />
axal stilze ga<strong>da</strong>svla ruseTma 1918 wlis 14 Tebervals gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. imis gamo, rom<br />
1700, 1800, 1900 wlebi am samefoSi nakiani wlebi iyo, iqauri welTaRricxva <strong>axali</strong> stiliT<br />
welTaRricxvas 13 dRiT CamorCa. amitom gansxvanebam grigoriseul <strong>da</strong> iuliusiseul<br />
kalendrebs Soris ukve 13 dRe Seadgina 1 .<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi <strong>da</strong> kalendris reforma.<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi ruseTSi, serbeTsa <strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi wmin<strong>da</strong> dReebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
dResaswaulebs isev iuliusis kalendris mixedviT aRniSnaven. amitomaa, rom Soba maTTan,<br />
e.i. 25 dekemberi, amJamad (dReisaTvis) grigoriusis kalendris 7 ianvars emTxveva.<br />
mcdelobas kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli reformis Sesaxeb ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaSic<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong> adgili. gansakuTrebiT is sasuliero <strong>da</strong> saero pirebi aqtiurobdnen, romlebic<br />
`cocxali eklesiis~ warmomadgenlebad iyvnen cnobili. am moZraobis poziciebi metismetad<br />
liberalur xasiaTs atareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> miznad komunistebis gulis mogebas isaxav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
radgan maT komunistebis momxreebad miiCnevdnen, morwmuneTa umravlesobaSi isini avtoritetiT<br />
ar sargeblobdnen. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d am garemoebam ganapiroba is faqti, rom rusi meaxalstileebis<br />
Zalisxmevam nayofi ver gamoiRo 2 .<br />
sxva marTlmadidebelma eklesiebma TavianTi sadResaswaulo praqtika miusa<strong>da</strong>ges<br />
e. w. axal-iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rs, romelic 2799 wlamde grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rs esatyviseba.<br />
yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesia (fineTis gar<strong>da</strong>) aRdgomasa <strong>da</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>mokidebul<br />
dReebsa Tu dResaswaulebs iuliusiseuli gazafxulis pirveli dRis, e. i. 21<br />
martis (anu <strong>axali</strong> stilis 3 aprilis), <strong>da</strong> metonis cikliseuli savsemTvaris mixedviT<br />
angariSobs. am gziT gamoangariSebuli TariRebi drogamoSvebiT emTxveva grigoriusis<br />
mixedviT gamoangariSebul TariRebs, metwilad ki mosdevs maT erTi, oTxi an xuTi<br />
kviriT.<br />
saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli weliwadis samoqalaqo cxovrebasTan misa<strong>da</strong>gebam saberZneTSi<br />
sqizma gamoiwvia. es saxelmwifo grigoris kalen<strong>da</strong>rze 1923 wels ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>. eklesiac<br />
gahyva mis kvals, magram aRdgomis cikli (marxvani <strong>da</strong> zatikni) kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli reformis<br />
miRma <strong>da</strong>tova. am siaxlis mowinaaRmdegeebma iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri SeinarCunes <strong>da</strong><br />
izolirebuli eklesia Camoayalibes. maT ewodebaT meZvelkalen<strong>da</strong>reni (berZn. `paleohemerologistebi~)<br />
3 .<br />
kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli reformis gamo aRmosavleT evropis marTlmadidebelTa Soris viTareba<br />
imdenad <strong>da</strong>iZaba, rom saqmeSi umaRlesi sasuliero avtoritetis Careva gax<strong>da</strong> saWiro.<br />
1927 wlis 17 Tebervals konstantinopolSi gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> sapatriarqo <strong>da</strong> sino<strong>da</strong>luri<br />
epistole msoflio patriarqis, basilis, <strong>da</strong> misi sinodis sxva wevrebis xelmoweriT 4 . am<br />
dokumentSi, sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnulia: kalendris sakiTxi ar ganekuTvneba dogmatis<br />
sferos, ris gamoc misi ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba arc erT wmin<strong>da</strong> krebas ar aukrZalavs; Zvel ganawesebs<br />
aRdgomis TariRis gamoangariSebis Sesaxeb araviTari kavSiri ara aqvT kalen<strong>da</strong>rTan,<br />
romlis Seqmna <strong>da</strong> gaumjobeseba mecnierTa kompetencia <strong>da</strong> movaleobaa; morwmuneebi<br />
rogorc samoqalaqo, ise saeklesio cxovrebaSi erTi <strong>da</strong> imave kalendriT un<strong>da</strong><br />
sargeblobdnen. amdenad, kampanias kalen<strong>da</strong>ruli reformis winaaRmdeg araviTari safuZveli<br />
ar gaaCnia.<br />
<strong>axali</strong> kalen<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo.<br />
1918 wlis 14 Tebervals, rodesac ruseTSi gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> dekreti kalendris reformis<br />
Sesaxeb, amierkavkasiis qveynebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisaTvis emzadebodnen.<br />
am regions maSin seimi marTav<strong>da</strong>, romelmac aRniSnuli wlis 14 aprils (iuliusiT)<br />
anu 1 maiss (grigoriusiT) kalendris reforma gamoacxa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, amdenad, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo<br />
cxovrebaSi grigoriusis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri SemoRebul iqna. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
1 ix: Wikipedia, iqve (`Verbreitung").<br />
2 Verg. Архиепископ Михаил (Мульдюгин), В помощь при совершении общественного Богослуженея, Путь Православия, №1<br />
(Москва, 1991), стр. 85.<br />
3 Γεράσιμος Κονιδάρις, Εκκλησιαστική ιστορία της ελλάδος, Bd. 2 (Athen, 1970), s. 267 ff.<br />
4 am dokumentis Sesaxeb ix.: Χριστόδουλος Παρασκευαϊδης Aρχιεπίσκοπος Αθηνών και πάσσης Ελλάδος, Ιστορική και κανονική<br />
θεώρησις του παλαιοημερολογιτικού ζητήματος κατά την γένεσιν και την εξέλιξιν αυτου εν ελλάδι (Athen, 1982).<br />
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