axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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nugzar papuaSvili<br />
kalendris <strong>axali</strong> stili <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1<br />
bula `Inter Gravissimas" <strong>da</strong> kalendris reforma.<br />
pirveli kiTxva, romelic winamdebare Temis ganxilvis dros <strong>da</strong>ismis, im bulis<br />
arsSi garkvevas gulisxmobs, romlis saTauria `Inter Gravissimas [simZimeTa Soris]" <strong>da</strong> romelic<br />
papma grigor (grigorius) XIII-m 1582 wlis 24 Tebervals gamoaqveyna 2 . am dokumentis<br />
meSveobiT iuliusis kalendris <strong>axali</strong> re<strong>da</strong>qcia mTel qveyanaSi Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan gavrcel<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>. ras warmoadgens es bula, an<strong>da</strong> am buliT gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>da</strong> praqtikaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>nergili reforma arsobrivad? SinaarsiT is saeklesio movlenaa Tu saero? es<br />
movlena sakralur sferos ganekuTvneba Tu sekularuls? am bulis mizans saeklesio<br />
kalendris reforma warmoadgens Tu teqnikuri qronologiis koreqtura?<br />
sakmarisia, Tvali ga<strong>da</strong>valoT am bulis teqsts, Semdegi <strong>da</strong>skvna rom gamovitanoT:<br />
aRniSnuli dokumentis mizans moqmedi kalendris gaumjobeseba warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, raTa SesaZlebeli<br />
gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo `Zvel saeklesio wes-gangebaTa~ ZvelTaganve <strong>da</strong>dgenili wesisa <strong>da</strong><br />
rigis mixedviT Sesruleba. amisaTvis gax<strong>da</strong> saWiro qronografiis sistemis ganaxleba<br />
anu, rac igivea, `kalendris koreqtura~, romelmac Sesabamisi gzebisa <strong>da</strong> saSualebebis<br />
moZebna moiTxova. Tavis mTavar mizans bula ase gansazRvravs: `aRdgomis dResaswaulis<br />
jerisamebr ga<strong>da</strong>xdisaTvis aucilebelia im wasisa <strong>da</strong> rigis <strong>da</strong>cva, rac mocemulia wmin<strong>da</strong><br />
mamebisa <strong>da</strong> romis pirveli papebis, gansakuTrebiT ki pius I-isa <strong>da</strong> biqtor I-is ganawesebSi,<br />
agreTve, <strong>da</strong> pirvel rigSi, nikeis didi krebis ganawesSi <strong>da</strong> Semdegdroindel<br />
ganawesebSi, romlebic erTmaneTisagan moucilebeli <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs Semtkicebuli sami<br />
principis gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs. pirvelia gazafxulis buniobis zustad gansazRvra;<br />
meore, mTvaris avsebis TariRis gamoTvla, radgan igi zogjer emTxveva pirveli<br />
Tvis (nisanis _ n. p.) me-14 dRes, _ buniobas, zogjer ki mosdevs mas <strong>da</strong>, bolos, gazafxulis<br />
savsemTvaris momdevno kviradRis <strong>da</strong>cva. Cven, _ <strong>da</strong>sZens pontifeqsi, _ imisTvisac<br />
vizruneT, rom ara mxolod gazafxulis bunioba <strong>da</strong>brunebo<strong>da</strong> Tavis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel adgils,<br />
romelsac igi nikeis krebi<strong>da</strong>n Cven dromde <strong>da</strong>axloebiT aTi dRiT CamorCa; Cven<br />
ara mxolod <strong>da</strong>vazusteT mTvaris aRvsebis TariRebi me-14 nisanis Semdeg, aramed warmovadgineT<br />
gza <strong>da</strong> meTodi, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT gazafxulis bunioba <strong>da</strong> me-14 nisani<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel [astronomiul] adgils mowyvetisagan~ (§6).<br />
mcire eqskursi: radgan gazafxulis bunioba maSin, pirveli msiflio saeklesio<br />
krebis dros (325), martis 21-Si modio<strong>da</strong>, wmin<strong>da</strong> mamebma gazafxulis buniobis TariRad<br />
swored 21 marti gamoacxades. magram astronomiuli movlenis, precesiis, gamo <strong>da</strong> kidev<br />
imis gamo, rom iuliusis kalen<strong>da</strong>rs sizuste aklia, es TariRi ukve 1582 wels 10 dRiT<br />
asc<strong>da</strong> gazafxulis buniobas. es niSnavs: Zveli anu iuliusis kalendris 21 marti XVI<br />
saukuneSi gazafxulis buniobas aRar esa<strong>da</strong>gebo<strong>da</strong>. amdenad, aRniSnuli saukunis 21 marti<br />
aRar iyo is 21 marti, romelic eklesiam gazafxulis buniobis TariRad ganawesa 3 .<br />
xsenebulma bulam swored es cdomileba gamoaswora. papma grigor XIII-m swored am<br />
problemis mogvarebis mizniT ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: Cven ganvaCineT <strong>da</strong> vbrZanebT, `rom 1582 wlis<br />
oqtombris TveSi amoRebul iqnas aTi dRe 5 oqtombri<strong>da</strong>n 14 oqtombris CaTvliT~ ($7).<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli bulisa <strong>da</strong> reformis detaluri ganxilva amjerad Cven mizans Sordeba.<br />
amitom aq yuradRebas ramdenime sityviT mxolod or mTavar sakiTxze gavamaxvilebdiT.<br />
(1) am dokumentSi warmoCenilia, erTi mxriv, astronomiuli problema (e. i. kalendris<br />
problema) TavisTavad <strong>da</strong> misi gavlena saeklesio kalen<strong>da</strong>rze <strong>da</strong> amasTanave, meore<br />
mxriv, amave problemis mogvarebis <strong>istoria</strong>. aqe<strong>da</strong>n CvenTvis cxadi xdeba, Tu raoden di-<br />
1 am statiis germanuli varianti moxsenebis saxiT warvadgineT aixStetis aRmosavlur kolegiumSi (Collegium<br />
Orientale) (germania) 2010 wlis 6 Tebervals seminarze. publikacia: N. Papuashvili, Die Neuordnung des Kalenders und die<br />
orthodoxe Kirche in Georgien, in: ContaCOr, #11 (2009), 34-45. winamdebare teqsti warmoadgens aRniSnuli moxsenebis<br />
Cven mierve Sesrulebul Targmans, _ metwilad Tavisufals, Sevsebuls ramdenime sqolioTi <strong>da</strong> ori abzaciT,<br />
romlebsac Tavis adgilze aRvniSnavT.<br />
2 Inter Gravisimas, Christoph Clavius, Romani calen<strong>da</strong>rii a Gregorio XIII. P. M., vertituti explicatio (Rom, 1603). germanuli Targmani:<br />
www.nabkal.de/intergrav.hotml.<br />
3 Володомонов Н. В., Календар: прошлое, настоящее, будущее (Москва, 1987), стр. 25.<br />
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