axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
axali da uaxlesi istoria
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vis an ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis ufleba _ amierkavkasiis komisariatis kompentencias<br />
scildebo<strong>da</strong>. amierkavkasiis mTavrobis wevr qarTvel politikur moRvaweebs <strong>da</strong> TviT saqarTvelos<br />
erovnuli sabWos deputatebs kargad esmo<strong>da</strong>T, rom osebis aRniSnuli proeqtis<br />
mixedviT sakiTxis ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta, qarTveli eris samomavlo TviTmkvlelobisaTvis safexuris<br />
momzadebas niSnav<strong>da</strong>. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c problemis mogvareba uaRresad sapasuxismgeblo<br />
riskTan iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>da</strong> uSualod qarTveli eris interesebs exebo<strong>da</strong>, misi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta _ arga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis sakiTxi saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos prerogativas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
masze iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, wavido<strong>da</strong> Tu ara qarTveli erisa <strong>da</strong> misi teritoriuli<br />
mTlianobis saziano kompromisze. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
amierkavkasiis komisariatma am dokumentis meore piri savsebiT kanonzomierad saqarTvelos<br />
erovnul sabWos ga<strong>da</strong>ugzavna, xolo am ukanasknelma, 1918 wlis 18 marts administraciuli<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mijvnisa <strong>da</strong> saerobo TviTmmarTvelobis ganyofilebas ga<strong>da</strong>sca gansaxilvelad.<br />
rogorc irkveva, misi ganxilva ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, radgan: 1) saqarTvelo im etapze <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
politikur subieqts ar warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> qveynis teritoriuli ga<strong>da</strong>mijvnis<br />
Sesaxeb erovnul sabWos Sesabamisi kanonproeqti ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. aseTi dokumenti mxolod<br />
mogvianebiT, saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>mfuZnebeli krebis mier 1920 wlis Sua ricxvebSi iqna miRebuli.<br />
mxedvelobaSi maqvs `proeqti saqarTvelos teritoriis <strong>da</strong>nawilebisa axal saadministracio<br />
erTeulebad (olqebad).~ analogiur mdgomareobaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong> amierkavkasiis<br />
komisariatic. sakiTxis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad pirvel rigSi mecnierulad <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli<br />
iseTi proeqtis Seqmna iyo saWiro, romelic ara marto osebis, aramed saqarTveloSi<br />
mcxovrebi sxva eTnikuri umciresobebis uflebebs samarTlebriv CarCoSi moaqcev<strong>da</strong>. meore<br />
mxriv, erobisa <strong>da</strong> saerobo TviTmmarTvelobis uflebebis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisi kanonis<br />
saWiroeba aucileblobas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, radgan am sferoSi sakanonmdeblo bazis<br />
TvalsazrisiT sruli vakumi arsebob<strong>da</strong>; 2) saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis gamocxadebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
qveynis saxelmwifo aparatis formirebasa <strong>da</strong> srulyofilad funqcionirebas eqvsi<br />
Tve <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>; 3) mdgomareobas isic arTuleb<strong>da</strong>, rom osmaleT- saqarTvelos Soris saomari<br />
moqmedebebi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> qveyana teritoriebis <strong>da</strong>kargvis realuri safrTxis<br />
winaSe imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. aseT pirobebSi, saqarTvelos erovnul sabWoSi administraciuli ga<strong>da</strong>mijvnis<br />
Sesaxeb debatebi alogikur saxes miiReb<strong>da</strong>. miTumetes, im Znelbedobis Jams,<br />
qarTveli erisadmi Tanadgomisa <strong>da</strong> momxdur mterTan erToblivi brZolis nacvlad, 1918<br />
wlis 14 marts <strong>da</strong> imave wlis ivnisSi osebis mier mowyobil cxinvalis <strong>da</strong> saCxeris<br />
ajanyebebs hqon<strong>da</strong> adgili. aRniSnuli faqtebis gaTvaliswinebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, arasworad<br />
<strong>da</strong> tendenciurad mimaCnia u. baxtaZis Sexeduleba; _ osebis zemoaRniSnuli proeqtiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnas saqarTvelos xelisuflebam TiTqos Segnebulad gaukeTa<br />
ignorireba. `mas Semdeg rac menSevikurma mTavrobam, _ wers u. baxtaZe, _ uaryo<br />
samxreT oseTis teritoriul safuZvelze agebuli saerobo TviTmmarTvel erTeulad<br />
gamoyofis ufleba, osma xalxma bolSevikebis xelmZRvanelobiT javis, wunaris <strong>da</strong><br />
cxinvalis saxalxo yrilobebze 1918 wlis maisSi (28 maisi _ S. v.), ivnisSi <strong>da</strong> agvistoSi<br />
aSkarad gamoTqva survili SeerTebodnen sabWoTa ruseTs~ 1 . XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi<br />
gamoTqmuli es <strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli Tvalsazrisi, <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli saqarTvelos xelisuflebis<br />
diskreditaciaze <strong>da</strong> osi separatistebis mier 1918-1920 wlebSi qarTvel erTan mimarTebaSi<br />
Cadenili moRalaturi qmedebis gamarTlebis mcdelobaze iyo gaTvlili. samwuxaroa,<br />
rom u.baxtaZis aRniSnul mc<strong>da</strong>r Sexedulebas zogierTi Cemi kolega dResac<br />
iziarebs 2 . ara<strong>da</strong>, msoflio <strong>istoria</strong>Si ar arsebobs precedenti, <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis gamocxadebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
mesame dRes, romelime qveynis mTavrobis saqmianoba separatistebis pretenziebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebiT <strong>da</strong>wyebuliyos. angariSs arc imas uweven, Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlis teritoriis<br />
ra sazRvrebSi moiTxov<strong>da</strong> osi separatistebi `samxreT oseTis~ administraciuli<br />
erobis Seqmnas. misi <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi ra mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebo<strong>da</strong><br />
saqarTvelo <strong>da</strong> momavali Taobebi rogor Sefasebas miscem<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />
xelisuflebis mier qveynis sazianod miRebul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas.<br />
dokumenturi masaliT <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebulia, rom Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlis mTis osebis problemis<br />
ganxilvis <strong>da</strong>Cqareba <strong>da</strong> misi praqtikulad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisaTvis saTanado bazis Seqmna, ara<br />
marto sakanonmdeblo aqtebis momzadebas, aramed did finansur xarjebsac moiTxov<strong>da</strong>. xelisuflebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n am mimarTulebiT pragmatuli nabijis ga<strong>da</strong>dgmas, TavianTi qmedebiT<br />
1 u. baxtaZe, <strong>da</strong>sax. naSromi, gv. 49.<br />
2 a. sonRulaSvili, `samxreT oseTi~ saqarTveloSi?! (Tbilisi, 2009), gv. 97.<br />
349
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