das argument - Berliner Institut für kritische Theorie eV

XIV
Summaries
Joachim Radkau: The Ambiguity of Capital versus Fascism
The comparison between German and Italien Fascism is an approach of wh ich too little use
has been made until now; theoretical framework which can encompass the masses of empirical
data discovered in the course of recent decades still remains to be worked out. This approach
is appropriate as a means of preventing a too deterministic view of the development towards
Fascism and an over-ambitious concept of its identity. An idea of Fascism arises via this approach
as a phenomenon possessing deep-roated contradictions stemming from long-term
characteristics of capitalism. The comparison between Germany and Italy particularly throws
light on the role of agrarian capitalism at the beginning of the Fascist movements.
Jost Hermand: All Power to the Women. Fascist Concepts of Matriarchy
Although German Fascism was basically a strictly patriarchal ideology which emphazised
male leadership on all levels, it also utilized certain parts of older theories of matriarchy, especially
in the field of eugenics. The Nazis were able to do this by making selective and tendentious
use of concepts first advanced by Bachofen and later appropriated by Klages, Schuler,
Baeumler and Bergmann, representatives of the neo-conservative movement of the 1920's.
Various views by leaders of Nazi women's organisations are also presented.
Jan Rehmann: The Churches and German Fascism
At the end of the Weimar Republic the churches hoped that the religios instance would become
dominant within ideological socialisation. Hitler promised them the reinforcement of
ecclesiastical positions in the societil civile. The success of this church policy cannot be explained
by mere demagogical manipulation, but lies in the hegemonial intervention into the
normal ideological functioning of the church. The church resistance first began as the government
abandoned its hegemonial church policy. The resistance of Catholicism is widely interc1assistic
and therefore developped an important popular power. The specific achievement of
the Protestant resistance lies in the ideological reorientation within the bourgeoisie: the radical
wing of the »Bekennende Kirche« c1aimed the exclusive subjection under the Holy Scriptures
and cut off connections to other ideological state powers. After 1945 this »fanatism« was considered
dangerous to the normal ideological functioning of bourgeois society.
Johannes Weyer: Sociology in Fascism. A Iiterary review
In the last few years, the fascist per iod has been rediscovered by West German historians of
Sociology. On the one hand, knowledge about the ideologically affirmative character of an
adjusted sociology is constantly growing - a sociology by the way which has never been suppressed
at all. On the other hand Schelsky et al. are trying to rehabilitate the traditions of the
so called »Leipziger Schule« (Hans Freyer et al.) and utilize them for modern sociology.
Frieder O. Wolf: Chances of Success and Illusions of »Green« Economic Policy
It is tried to determine what are the specific problematics of a »green« economic policy in an
extra-statal (and not antistatist) perspective. For that purpose, the movement-generated concepts
of »getting out« (of the system) and of »decentralization« are criticized. The thesis ist
argued, that economic policy in a green perspective ist not an object of pragmatic »realpolitics«,
but of an ideological struggle that includes acting for real changes within the present
system of growth, domination and exploitation.
Peter Heller and Anne Seyfferth: Theories and Strategies of Ecological Economy
The Ecological view of economics has recently gained considerable regard, both on a theoretical
and a political level. The essay outlines three major aspects: the linkage of economic development
and preservation of nature; the shaping of an economic-ecological system between
state, market, and underground economy; the approach of environmental ethics to new ways
of economic and social conduct. Finally, the authors give a short report on their project »Labour
in ecologic economy«, implemented at the Institute of Applied Ecology, Freiburg.