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54 DESIGN IN NATURE ri«. S Fig. 1. Fj(i, ii, PLATE LXI FTC. 3. Fiu. 10. Fig. 11, * .'*,"; K..'-e'o'.;\'C\l.-\".'^t \ ..'S'W';'«>1'.-V !
EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN REPRODUCTIVE ELEMENTS 155 PLATE LXI Plate Ixi. illustrates globular, concentric, radiating, branched, segmented, curved, and spiral arrangements. Fig. 1.— Portion of the epidermis of a salamander in slightly oblique horizontal section, magnified 550 diameters. Cells rounded and polygonal, connected by delicate bridges of protoplasm and containing large nuclei (Wilson), a, Epidermal cells, three of which are undergoing division. The earliest stage of division (spirem) is seen at 6/ a later stage (mitotic figure in the anaphase), showing chromosomes at c; and the final stage (telophase), showing fission of cell-body at d. e, Branched dark pigment-cell which has crept up from lower layers of skin. This figure illustrates circular, pentagonal, and branched arrangements. Fig. 2.—Division of the blood-cells in the embryo chick according to Reinak. «, b, c, d, e, Successive stages of division ; /, cell dividing by mitosis. This figure shows concentric and radiating arrangements. Pig. 3.—Reticular nucleus («) of the rhizopod {Admosi)ha>riuiii) as figured by Brauer. The reticulation is a form of diff'erentiation—the nucleus possessing a complex oi'ganisation. Fig. 4.—Low animal form, Amceba proteiui, consisting of a single cell. Magnified 280 diameters (Sedgwick and Wilson). n, Nucleus; wv, water vacuoles ; cv, contracting vacuole ; fv, food vacuole. The amoeba can reproduce itself and move voluntarily in any direction. It reveals traces of difl'erentiation. Fig. 5.—Diagram of a cell by Wilson. The basis of the cell consists of a thread-work (iniiome or reticulum) composed of minute granules (microsomes), traversing a transparent ground-substance, a, Nucleus ; a, true nucleolus or plasmosome ; h, chromatin network ; c, linin-network ; d, net-knot or karyosome ; e, attraction-sphere containing two centrosomes ; /, /', vacuoles ; g, lifeless bodies (nietaplasm) suspended in cytoplasmic reticulum ; h, plastids lying in cytoplasm. This diagram shows that the cell is not, in any sense, a simple homogeneous body. On the contrary, it is differentiated to a considerable extent, a circumstance too frequently overlooked. The cell is originally spherical in form, but becomes indented by growth, crowding, and pressure. Fig. 6.—A resting cell {Spurmatogonium) from testis of salamander, showing typical parts (Ravitz). w. Large nucleus bounded by membrane and invested with cytoplasmic thread-work. Contains scattered masses of chromatin and linin-network. a, Attraction sphere with centrosome (/j). The attraction-sphere is a centre of force, and can act either centripetally or centrifugally. Fig. 7.—Living branched connective tissue-cell from salamander larva (Fleming). Affords beautiful example of branching arrangement. Fig. 8.—Living epidermal cell from larva of salamander in early mitosis (segmented spirem), surrounded by protoplasmic bridges fFleming). Shows concentric, branching, and radiating arrangements. FtG. 9.—Living dividing cell of salamander larva. The cell when dividing assumes a dumb-bell shape (Fleming). Fig. 10.—Pigment-cell from epidermis of fish (Blennius), as given by Zimmerman, a, Central clear space of aster from which the pigment-granules diverge; n, two nuclei. Shows radiating arrangement to advantage. Fig. 11.—Pigment-cell of fish (Sarcjus) showing two nuclei (nn') with aster (»), and rod-shaped central mass (6), according to Zimmerman. Affords good example of branching, radiating arrangements. PLATE LXI I Plate Ixii. illustrates globular, concentric, radiating, branched, dendritic, curved, and spindle arrangements in the cell. Pig. 1. —Leucocyte or wandering cell of the salamander as figured by Heidenhain. The cell contains a large nucleus (n) \yith coarse network of chromatin, two nucleoli («'), and permanent aster (
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A..2^ BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM T
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Tracing from nature of a mesial lin
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE PREFAC
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§ 36. The Travelling Organs in Rel
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CONTENTS xi Rhythmic Movements—An
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CONTENTS xiii THE MOVEMENTS AND FUN
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§§ . CONTENTS XV INTELLIGENCE OF
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CONTENTS xvii THE OSSEOUS AND MUSCU
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§ 420. The Flight of Birds divisib
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PREFACE The present work has attain
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INTRODUCTION The present work natur
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INTRODUCTION xxv cules being so arr
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INTRODUCTION xxvii is the ancient w
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INTRODUCTION xxix ments met with in
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INTRODUCTION xxxi organisms there i
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DESIGN IN NATURE INORGANIC AND ORGA
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STRAIGHT-LINE AND OTHER FORMATIONS
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ARRANGEMENTS COMMON TO CRYSTALS, PL
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS 1
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS P
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS P
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VOL. I PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGE
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ORIGIN OF SPIRAL STRUCTURES 19 and
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS 21 |3
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS 23 PL
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS PLATE
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Fig. 3. SPIRAL ARR'ANGEMENTS IN ANI
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS 29 P
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS PLAT
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS 33 P
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS Fir.
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CBERJtAU, SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN AN
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RADIATING AND CONCENTRIC ARRANGEMEN
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1''IG. 1. RADIATING AND CONCENTRIC
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§ 9. Dendritic or Branching Moveme
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VOL. I, DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRA
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DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRANGEMENTS
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VOL. I. DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRA
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BRANCHING AND RADIATING ARRANGEMENT
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BRANCHING AND RADIATING ARRANGEMENT
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HEXAGONAL STRUCTURES AND SEGMENTATI
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HEXAGONAL STRUCTURES 65 Fig. 20.—
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CLEAVAGE AND SEGMENTATION 67 PLATE
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LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CLEAVAG
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CONVOLUTIONS IN HARD AND SOFT PARTS
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RADIATING AND BRANCHING ARRANGEMENT
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LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CLEAVAG
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LONGITUDINAL, RADIATING, AND TRANSV
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VOL. I. LONGITUDINAL AND RADIATING
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TRAVELLING ORGANS FOR LAND, WATER,
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j^-«i Fig, S. FiG. Fig. 10. FIGURE
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vol.. I, RECAPITULATION 89 PLATE LI
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RECAPITULATION 91 The same thing, w
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ATOMS AND MOLECULES 93 some anthrop
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 95 secretion
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THE REPRODUCTIVE ELEMENTS OF PLANTS
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SPIRAL STRUCTURES AND MOVEMENTS IN
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ATOMS AND MOLECULES IN DEAD AND LIV
Page 141 and 142: UNITY OF PLAN IN NATURE 103 arrange
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Page 145 and 146: FIG. nG.4 FIG. 5 m^0'^i^ FIG. 6 FIG
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Page 149 and 150: THE BAR-MAGNET iii number as polar
Page 151 and 152: THE COMPASS 113 of gelatine and pla
Page 153 and 154: MAGNETISM, ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT
Page 155 and 156: MAGNETISM, ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT
Page 157 and 158: ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER ELECTRICITY 1
Page 159 and 160: ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER ELECTRICITY 1
Page 161 and 162: ANIMAL MAGNETISM 123 the electric o
Page 163 and 164: LINES OF COMMUNICATION AND FORCE 12
Page 171 and 172: A BEGINNINGS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM Fig.
Page 173 and 174: BEGINNINGS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 135 So
Page 175 and 176: VOL I. ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS
Page 177 and 178: ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS AS FACT
Page 181 and 182: a' ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS AS F
Page 185 and 186: EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN REPRODUCTIVE
Page 187 and 188: EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN. REPRODUCTIV
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Page 199 and 200: ADVANCE IN LOWER PLANT AND ANIMAL F
Page 219 and 220: THE VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE WORLD i8i
Page 221 and 222: THE VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE WORLD 183
Page 223 and 224: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 185 " To obtai
Page 225 and 226: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 187 in action
Page 227 and 228: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 189 the outset
Page 229 and 230: INTERACTION BETWEEN MENTAL AND MATE
Page 231 and 232: MATTER AND FORCE IN INORGANIC AND O
Page 233 and 234: Molybdenum THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR C
Page 235 and 236: HAECKEL'S BELIEF IN THE OMNIPOTENCE
Page 237 and 238: HAECKEL'S BELIEF IN THE OMNIPOTENCE
Page 239 and 240: MECHANICAL VIEWS OF KANT AND LAPLAC
Page 241 and 242: PROFESSOR HUXLEY'S VIEWS ON EVOLUTI
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PROFESSOR HUXLEY'S VIEWS ON EVOLUTI
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THE TRAVELLING ORGANS OF ANIMALS 21
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THE TRAVELLING ORGANS OF ANIMALS 21
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TRAVELLING ORGANS IN RELATION TO EN
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KANT'S AND SPENCER'S VIEWS OF MATTE
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KANT'S AND SPENCER'S VIEWS OF MATTE
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SCRIPTURAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION 227
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GEOLOGY AS BEARING ON CREATION 229
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SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PLANTS AND ANIMA
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PLANTS AND ANIMALS IMPROVABLE UP TO
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EVERYTHING CONTROLLED AND UNDER SUP
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THE UNIVERSE AS A WORKING SYSTEM 23
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THE UNIVERSE AS A WORKING SYSTEM 23
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ENVIRONMENT 241 To take other examp
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INSTINCT 243 advance in plants and
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INSTINCT AND INTELLIGENCE 245 custo
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EFFECT OF COSMIC CHANGES ON PLANTS
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RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS AND AN
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RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS AND AN
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 253 the invo
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 255 From the
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 257 performe
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 259 perfo
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 261 movem
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 263 forci
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 265 and t
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 267 taneo
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RHYTHMIC MUSCLES 269 their parts, u
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RHYTHMIC MUSCLES 271 That nerves in
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RESPIRATORY RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN A
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RESPIRATORY ORGANS IN ANIMALS AND I
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NEW VIEW OF THE MECHANISM OF RESPIR
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NEW VIEW OF THE MECHANISN OF RESPIR
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THE MYCETOZOA 305 great variety ; i
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Pig. 62 (continued)— B. Gonooocci
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THE MYCETOZOA H PLATE LXXX Fifi. 1.
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Fig. 5, THE MYCETOZOA PLATE LXXXI F
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMCEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMOEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMGEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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MUSCULAR ACTION (VOLUNTARY AND INVO
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AMCEBA PROTEUS 333 The amcsba draws
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PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM 335 movements a
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GROMIA 337 spicules, &c. Similar va
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GROMIA 339 the very border line as
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GROMIA 34^ can be no doubt whatever
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GROMIA 343 The barramunda is credit
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ANIMALS ADAPTED FOR AIR AND WATER B
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A CREATOR AND DESIGNER NECESSARY TO
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DIVISION OF LABOUR IN RELATION TO D
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DESIGN A PROMINENT FACTOR IN NATURE
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DESIGN IN THE REPRODUCTION AND GROW
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COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN OVUM -i^jj
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§ 74. Fertilisation of the Ovum. F
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM 381 (d) T
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM PLATE LXX
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM 385 PLATE
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DIVISION OF THE IMPREGNATED OVUM 3^
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DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO AND
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO AND
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN AND VESSEL
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PLACENTAL AND FCETAL CIRCULATION 39
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SUCCESSIVE CHANGES WITNESSED IN THE
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TRANSITION LINKS IN RELATION TO TYP
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TRANSITION LINKS IN RELATION TO TYP
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CHANGES IN, AND PECULIARITIES OF, T
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CHANGES IN, AND PECULIARITIES OF, T
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DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD, &c., IN MAN A
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DESIGN IN MIGRATION OF BIRDS AND OT
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DESIGN IN THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRI
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DESIGN AS WITNESSED IN WINGED SEEDS
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RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN WINGED SEEDS A
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