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NEW THEORY OF MATTER 189<br />
the outset) to an animal simply to mislead and deceive it. It might very well be asked w\iat is the object of<br />
life and of sense organs in animals if it be not self-guidance, self-preservation, the power of reproduction, and<br />
the capacity for living in harmony with other animals, with their natural surroundings.<br />
The world is not an illusion. It exists and is composed of a congeries of the most marvellous substances each<br />
adapted to the other. Everything about it is carefully thought out. The inorganic and organic kingdoms each play<br />
a distinct role, but they nevertheless work in unison and according to a general plan. Nothing comes by chance.<br />
All nature is co-ordinated and the boundaries of its actions and re-actions are accurately limited and defined.<br />
The flora and fauna of the earth are complemental in the widest sense. Each is adapted to the other. The<br />
several parts of animals, and especially their sense organs, are necessary to the perfect individual. They are original<br />
and fundamental, but not redundant parts, and cannot be removed without inflicting a certain amount of injury<br />
on the individual. The sense organs are never " make believes." They can always be rehed upon to give an<br />
accurate idea of things as they are. The line of argument here adopted shows how wide of the truth are all<br />
statements impugning the reliability of the sense organs in man. The subject assumes a graver aspect when we<br />
are told that not only do the sense organs habitually deceive us, but that they cannot assist us in our quest after<br />
science and the higher learning.<br />
It will be an evil day for science and the higher learning when they are divorced from the sense organs and<br />
relegated to the whimsical speculation of the closet philosopher.<br />
I know of nothing more mischievous than the depreciating and behttling of the knowledge supplied by the<br />
sense organs, either as regards its accuracy or its amoimt. Similarly, I know of nothing more illusory and dis-<br />
appointing than placing reliance on the supposed facts furnished by the inner consciousness—facts which the sense<br />
organs can alone supply.<br />
There is no breach of continuity in the development of intellect from sense impressions as originally supplied<br />
by the skin and the sense organs. The individual who is born devoid of general sensibility and the sense organs<br />
cannot deal with even the most ordinary concerns of life. Still less can he grapple with the higher learning and<br />
the more advanced problems of science. If this be so it is mere waste of time to discuss the possibility of any one<br />
successfully dealing with the more recondite problems of existence, especially if he does not fall back upon the<br />
sense organs for his training, experiences, and ultimate intellectual power.<br />
They attempt an impossible task ; they seek to build a palace—a great airy structure—without foundations.<br />
The sense organs, I venture to assert, furnish the basis of all legitimate speculation regarding the external world ;<br />
without them there can be no trustworthy training for the acquisition of knowledge in the concrete.<br />
The senses, if not perfect at the outset, can be educated. Nature makes provision for this. The eye can avail<br />
itself of the microscope and telescope ; the ear can utilise the telegraph, telephone, phonograph, &c. ; and the<br />
senses of smelUng, tasting, and touching can be subhmated and refined.<br />
The modem microscope, with its increased multiple powers and its greatly improved definition, gradually<br />
introduces us to finer and finer matter. The same is true of the spectroscope with its matchless capacity for analysis.<br />
This instrument possesses the extraordinary power of dealing with incandescent matter at near and incalculably<br />
remote distances, its bands of colour reveahng unmistakably the metals present in any particular glowing body,<br />
wheresoever situated. The telescope and modern photography also contribute to the analysis of the heavenly<br />
bodies in their own peculiar way ; nor must modern chemical analysis, with its numerous startling advances and<br />
refinements, be overlooked. The several analytic processes have all the one object, namely, the training and per-<br />
fecting of the sense organs and the revelation of matter in its finer and subtler forms.<br />
mounted.<br />
The philosophers who ignore the sense organs literally kick away the ladder by which they have<br />
If there is a Hmit to the operations of the sense organs so there is a limit to the efforts of self-consciousness<br />
and of intellect.<br />
Imagination, however briUiant, can never take the place of fact, and so long as we are composed of matter,<br />
and the extraneous imiverse is material in its nature, it is idle to attempt either to ignore or evade the grosser<br />
matter in favour of a subtler matter.<br />
A simple example will illustrate my meaning. We look at a table in the centre of a well-hghted room, and can<br />
have no reasonable manner of doubt that the eye informs us correctly of its presence and general appearance.<br />
It is a matter of no moment for my present contention whether the table be composed of the grosser matter repre-<br />
sented by the time-honoured atoms and molecules or by the ether in vortex motion, electrical corpuscles, electrons,<br />
ions. &c. The same sense organs and the same intellect furnish the knowledge requisite for expiscating both<br />
theories : moreover, the two theories are not necessarily exclusive of each other, any more than the sense organs<br />
and the brain which they inform and educate are exclusive.