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174 DESIGN IN NATURE PLATE LXXII PLATE LXXII {continued) band whicla confers spiral movements on it. Illustrates the spiral action of the pedicle and the power of expanding and contracting the body by centrifugal and centripetal movements. Fig. 21. —Adherent zooid {Scyphidia rugosa) in the expanded and contracted states, x 280 (Dujardin). Body pyriform, attached posterior extremity most attenuate; integument furrowed obliquely and spirally in two directions; pharyngeal cleft prolonged. Shows how spiral markings and structures are affected by centrifugal and centripetal movements (the Author). FicJ. 22.—Lorica or protecting sheath with two zooids (Cothurnia patula) in the contracted condition, x 200 (De Fromentel). Fig. 23.—Shows the same lorica and the same zooids (Fig. 22) in the extended condition. These figures illustrate in a striking manner the centripetal and centrifugal movements of zooids (the Author). Figs. 24 and 25.—Two zooids {Cothurnia cohnii and Cothurnia pwpa), x 400 (Cobn and Eichwald), occupying elegantly shaped lorica with annular transverse markings. At Fig. 24 the lorica is elongate ovate and subcylindrical ; the anterior margin being abruptly truncated. At Fig. 25 the lorica is symmetrically ovate and widest in the middle. Fig. 26.—Colony stock of Opercularia stenostoma, x 200 (D'Udekem). Bodies elongate and pyriform, widest in middle and tapering finely towards pedicle, which is small, rigid, and dichotomously divided. Peristome border and ciliary disc very narrow ; the latter bearing an elegant single circlet of cilia. The general appearance is plant-like. The zooids are provided with remarkable ciliated lids resembling those of the trap-door spiders. Fig. 27.—Adult colony stock of zooids {Zoothamnium carcini) in an inverted position, x 80. Illustrates branching distribution of zooids. Fig. 28.—Terminal branchlet of colony stock of zooids {Carchesium epistylidis) as figured by H. E. Forrest, x 300. The zooids at the left of the figure are expanded or open ; those at the right contracted or closed. Furnishes example of centrifugal and centripetal movements. Fig. 29.—Termination of branchlet showing unilateral distribution of zooids {Carchesium polypinum), x 150. Figs. 28 and 29 jiresent a general flower-like appearance.
ADVANCE IN LOWER PLANT AND ANIMAL FORMS PLATE LXXIII PLATE; LXXIII This plate illustrates the presence of cilia in large numbers in Infusoria. They occur on various parts of the body and have a high significance functionally, as they act as organs of locomotion, produce currents which assist in ahmentation, and, in some instances, entangle food. Several of the figures reveal longitudinal and transverse markings (incipient and real segmentation) ; others indicate spiral structure. Fig. 1.—Encysted animalcule {Ceralium divergens), x 500. Fig. 2.—Similar animalcule with carapace cast oft'. Figs. 3 and 4.— Animalciili- (Cfymnodiniuin lachmanni) dividing by longitudinal iission, x 300. Figs. 5 and 6.—Two monads {Gymnodinium marlnum), one of which (Fig. 6) is devouring a smaller monad, x 600. Fig. 7. Anoplophrya filum covered with cilia and displaying numerous contractile vesicles (
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A..2^ BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM T
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Tracing from nature of a mesial lin
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE PREFAC
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§ 36. The Travelling Organs in Rel
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CONTENTS xi Rhythmic Movements—An
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CONTENTS xiii THE MOVEMENTS AND FUN
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§§ . CONTENTS XV INTELLIGENCE OF
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CONTENTS xvii THE OSSEOUS AND MUSCU
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§ 420. The Flight of Birds divisib
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PREFACE The present work has attain
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INTRODUCTION The present work natur
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INTRODUCTION xxv cules being so arr
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INTRODUCTION xxvii is the ancient w
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INTRODUCTION xxix ments met with in
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INTRODUCTION xxxi organisms there i
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DESIGN IN NATURE INORGANIC AND ORGA
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STRAIGHT-LINE AND OTHER FORMATIONS
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ARRANGEMENTS COMMON TO CRYSTALS, PL
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS 1
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS P
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PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS P
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VOL. I PREVALENCE OF SPIRAL ARRANGE
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ORIGIN OF SPIRAL STRUCTURES 19 and
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS 21 |3
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS 23 PL
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN PLANTS PLATE
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Fig. 3. SPIRAL ARR'ANGEMENTS IN ANI
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS 29 P
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS PLAT
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS 33 P
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SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN ANIMALS Fir.
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CBERJtAU, SPIRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN AN
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RADIATING AND CONCENTRIC ARRANGEMEN
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1''IG. 1. RADIATING AND CONCENTRIC
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§ 9. Dendritic or Branching Moveme
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VOL. I, DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRA
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DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRANGEMENTS
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VOL. I. DENDRITIC OR BRANCHING ARRA
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BRANCHING AND RADIATING ARRANGEMENT
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BRANCHING AND RADIATING ARRANGEMENT
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HEXAGONAL STRUCTURES AND SEGMENTATI
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HEXAGONAL STRUCTURES 65 Fig. 20.—
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CLEAVAGE AND SEGMENTATION 67 PLATE
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LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CLEAVAG
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CONVOLUTIONS IN HARD AND SOFT PARTS
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RADIATING AND BRANCHING ARRANGEMENT
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LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CLEAVAG
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LONGITUDINAL, RADIATING, AND TRANSV
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VOL. I. LONGITUDINAL AND RADIATING
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TRAVELLING ORGANS FOR LAND, WATER,
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j^-«i Fig, S. FiG. Fig. 10. FIGURE
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vol.. I, RECAPITULATION 89 PLATE LI
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RECAPITULATION 91 The same thing, w
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ATOMS AND MOLECULES 93 some anthrop
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 95 secretion
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THE REPRODUCTIVE ELEMENTS OF PLANTS
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SPIRAL STRUCTURES AND MOVEMENTS IN
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ATOMS AND MOLECULES IN DEAD AND LIV
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UNITY OF PLAN IN NATURE 103 arrange
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force is so feeble that the chain o
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FIG. nG.4 FIG. 5 m^0'^i^ FIG. 6 FIG
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•'•'•;.v':^Hv'i4t^ ''•',>;'
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THE BAR-MAGNET iii number as polar
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THE COMPASS 113 of gelatine and pla
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MAGNETISM, ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT
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MAGNETISM, ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT
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ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER ELECTRICITY 1
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ATMOSPHERIC AND OTHER ELECTRICITY 1
Page 161 and 162: ANIMAL MAGNETISM 123 the electric o
Page 163 and 164: LINES OF COMMUNICATION AND FORCE 12
Page 171 and 172: A BEGINNINGS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM Fig.
Page 173 and 174: BEGINNINGS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 135 So
Page 175 and 176: VOL I. ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS
Page 177 and 178: ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS AS FACT
Page 181 and 182: a' ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND CELLS AS F
Page 185 and 186: EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN REPRODUCTIVE
Page 187 and 188: EVIDENCES OF DESIGN IN. REPRODUCTIV
Page 199 and 200: ADVANCE IN LOWER PLANT AND ANIMAL F
Page 211: ADVANCE IN LOWER PLANT AND ANIMAL F
Page 219 and 220: THE VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE WORLD i8i
Page 221 and 222: THE VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE WORLD 183
Page 223 and 224: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 185 " To obtai
Page 225 and 226: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 187 in action
Page 227 and 228: NEW THEORY OF MATTER 189 the outset
Page 229 and 230: INTERACTION BETWEEN MENTAL AND MATE
Page 231 and 232: MATTER AND FORCE IN INORGANIC AND O
Page 233 and 234: Molybdenum THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR C
Page 235 and 236: HAECKEL'S BELIEF IN THE OMNIPOTENCE
Page 237 and 238: HAECKEL'S BELIEF IN THE OMNIPOTENCE
Page 239 and 240: MECHANICAL VIEWS OF KANT AND LAPLAC
Page 241 and 242: PROFESSOR HUXLEY'S VIEWS ON EVOLUTI
Page 255 and 256: THE TRAVELLING ORGANS OF ANIMALS 21
Page 257 and 258: THE TRAVELLING ORGANS OF ANIMALS 21
Page 259 and 260: TRAVELLING ORGANS IN RELATION TO EN
Page 261 and 262: KANT'S AND SPENCER'S VIEWS OF MATTE
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KANT'S AND SPENCER'S VIEWS OF MATTE
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SCRIPTURAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION 227
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GEOLOGY AS BEARING ON CREATION 229
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SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PLANTS AND ANIMA
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PLANTS AND ANIMALS IMPROVABLE UP TO
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EVERYTHING CONTROLLED AND UNDER SUP
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THE UNIVERSE AS A WORKING SYSTEM 23
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THE UNIVERSE AS A WORKING SYSTEM 23
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ENVIRONMENT 241 To take other examp
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INSTINCT 243 advance in plants and
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INSTINCT AND INTELLIGENCE 245 custo
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EFFECT OF COSMIC CHANGES ON PLANTS
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RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS AND AN
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RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS AND AN
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 253 the invo
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 255 From the
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THE MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS 257 performe
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 259 perfo
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 261 movem
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 263 forci
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 265 and t
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NERVE REFLEXES IN ANIMALS 267 taneo
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RHYTHMIC MUSCLES 269 their parts, u
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RHYTHMIC MUSCLES 271 That nerves in
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RESPIRATORY RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS IN A
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RESPIRATORY ORGANS IN ANIMALS AND I
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NEW VIEW OF THE MECHANISM OF RESPIR
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NEW VIEW OF THE MECHANISN OF RESPIR
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THE MYCETOZOA 305 great variety ; i
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Pig. 62 (continued)— B. Gonooocci
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THE MYCETOZOA H PLATE LXXX Fifi. 1.
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Fig. 5, THE MYCETOZOA PLATE LXXXI F
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMCEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMOEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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PROTOPLASMIC, AMGEBIC, AND OTHER MO
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MUSCULAR ACTION (VOLUNTARY AND INVO
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AMCEBA PROTEUS 333 The amcsba draws
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PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM 335 movements a
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GROMIA 337 spicules, &c. Similar va
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GROMIA 339 the very border line as
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GROMIA 34^ can be no doubt whatever
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GROMIA 343 The barramunda is credit
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ANIMALS ADAPTED FOR AIR AND WATER B
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A CREATOR AND DESIGNER NECESSARY TO
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DIVISION OF LABOUR IN RELATION TO D
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DESIGN A PROMINENT FACTOR IN NATURE
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DESIGN IN THE REPRODUCTION AND GROW
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COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN OVUM -i^jj
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§ 74. Fertilisation of the Ovum. F
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM 381 (d) T
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM PLATE LXX
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FERTILISATION OF THE OVUM 385 PLATE
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DIVISION OF THE IMPREGNATED OVUM 3^
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DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO AND
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO AND
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN AND VESSEL
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PLACENTAL AND FCETAL CIRCULATION 39
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SUCCESSIVE CHANGES WITNESSED IN THE
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TRANSITION LINKS IN RELATION TO TYP
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TRANSITION LINKS IN RELATION TO TYP
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CHANGES IN, AND PECULIARITIES OF, T
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CHANGES IN, AND PECULIARITIES OF, T
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DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD, &c., IN MAN A
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DESIGN IN MIGRATION OF BIRDS AND OT
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DESIGN IN THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRI
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DESIGN AS WITNESSED IN WINGED SEEDS
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RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN WINGED SEEDS A
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