Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Table 11.9 Feeding practices during diarrhea Percent distribution of children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey by amount of liquids and food offered compared with normal practice, the percentage of children given increased fluids and continued feeding during the diarrhea episode, and the percentage of children who continued feeding and were given ORT and/or increased fluids during the episode of diarrhea, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 142 | Child Health Number of children with diarrhea Percentage who continued feeding and were given ORT and/or increased fluids 3 Amount of food offered Amount of liquids offered Percentage given Background increased fluids and characteristic Total Total continued feeding 1,2 Don’t Don’t Same as Some- Much know/ Same as Some- Much Never know/ More usual what less less None missing More usual what less less None gave food missing Age in months
Ten percent of children with diarrhea were given more to drink than usual, 43 percent were given the same as usual, and 36 percent were given somewhat less to drink than usual. It is particularly unfortunate that 12 percent of children with diarrhea were given much less or nothing to drink. Food intake is curtailed even more than fluid intake during episodes of diarrhea. Only 4 percent of children with diarrhea were given more to eat than usual, 32 percent were given the same amount of food as usual, and 63 percent were given less food to eat than usual or none at all. These patterns reflect a gap in practical knowledge among some mothers regarding the nutritional requirements of children during diarrheal episodes. A study on health-care-seeking behavior found diverse and varied local beliefs and practices related to childhood diarrhea (Zwi et al., 2009). For example, certain communities expressed a belief that diarrhea was caused by breastfeeding, contamination, food consumption patterns, and the season. The initial response to diarrhea was usually homemade rehydration, boiled leaves, or both. The 2009-10 TLDHS findings and other studies indicate a need for further health education efforts to reduce the number of children that become dehydrated or malnourished because of improper feeding practices during diarrhea. Overall, 7 percent of children with diarrhea were given increased fluids and continued feeding, and 63 percent received continued feeding and were given ORT, increased fluids, or both. Children age 48-59 months were more likely than other children to receive continued feeding, ORT, and/or increased fluids during the last episode of diarrhea. Differentials in these indicators by other background characteristics are very minimal. 11.7 KNOWLEDGE OF ORS PACKETS As mentioned earlier, a simple and effective response to dehydration caused by diarrhea is a prompt increase in the child’s fluid intake through some form of ORT, which may include the use of a solution prepared from packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS). To ascertain how widespread knowledge of ORS is in Timor-Leste, mothers were asked whether they knew about ORS packets. Table 11.10 shows the percentage of mothers with a birth in the five years preceding the survey who knew about ORS packets for treatment of diarrhea. Knowledge of ORS is widespread in Timor- Leste, with 89 percent of mothers having heard of it. Mothers age 15-19 are slightly less likely to know about ORS than older mothers. Knowledge of ORS is high among urban mothers and increases with level of education and wealth of mothers. Mothers in Ermera district are less likely than mothers in other districts to have heard of ORS. Table 11.10 Knowledge of ORS packets Percentage of mothers age 15-49 who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey who know about ORS packets for treatment of diarrhea by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage of women who know about ORS packets Number of women Age 15-19 85.4 178 20-24 89.9 1,012 25-34 88.4 2,615 35-49 Residence 89.1 2,210 Urban 91.2 1,484 Rural District 88.1 4,531 Aileu 93.8 220 Ainaro 95.8 318 Baucau 89.2 598 Bobonaro 94.5 587 Covalima 93.1 322 Dili 91.3 1,043 Ermera 74.0 719 Lautem 91.3 444 Liquiçá 80.6 358 Manatuto 90.2 264 Manufahi 93.3 238 Oecussi 97.3 492 Viqueque Education 79.5 412 No education 83.7 1,980 Primary 88.8 1,656 Secondary 93.2 2,226 More than secondary Wealth quintile 93.4 154 Lowest 85.2 1,226 Second 85.6 1,171 Middle 88.6 1,203 Fourth 90.5 1,170 Highest 94.2 1,244 Total 88.8 6,015 ORS = Oral rehydration salts Child Health | 143
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
Page 124 and 125: 92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
Page 126 and 127: 94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
Page 128 and 129: 96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
Page 130 and 131: 98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
Page 132 and 133: with their death, or they may live
Page 134 and 135: 100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
Page 136 and 137: 104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
Page 138 and 139: 8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
Page 141 and 142: ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
Page 143 and 144: 9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
Page 145 and 146: MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
Page 147 and 148: among women in the lowest wealth qu
Page 149 and 150: A much lower percentage of Timorese
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 153 and 154: 10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
Page 155 and 156: Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
Page 157 and 158: Table 10.10 Application of material
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
Page 161 and 162: Where health services are present,
Page 163 and 164: CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
Page 165 and 166: In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
Page 167 and 168: Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
Page 169 and 170: The data indicate that two percent
Page 171 and 172: 11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
Page 173: Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
Page 177: There are marked differences in the
Page 180 and 181: international reference population
Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
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Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
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14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
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In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
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100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
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14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom
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To assess the extent of condom use
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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
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Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
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Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
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Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
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15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
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Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
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Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
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Women’s empowerment is closely as
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Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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pathways: its negative association
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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partner] hit, slapped, kicked, or d
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Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Among women who have never been mar
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who experienced sexual violence fir
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Domestic violence is not limited to
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Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
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Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
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Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
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16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
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16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
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16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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