Demographic and Health Survey 2009-10 - Timor-Leste Ministry of ...

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Because of the important role that condoms play in preventing the transmission of HIV, respondents were asked whether they know of a source of condoms. Only responses about “formal” sources were counted, that is, sources other than friends, family members, and home. Table 14.11 Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS and of a source of condoms among youth Percentage of young women and young men age 15-24 with comprehensive knowledge about AIDS and percentage with knowledge of a source of condoms, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Background characteristic Percentage with comprehensive knowledge of AIDS 1 198 | HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Women age 15-24 Men age 15-24 Percentage who know a condom source 2 Number of women Percentage with comprehensive knowledge of AIDS 1 Percentage who know a condom source 2 Number of men Age 15-19 11.2 10.6 3,144 14.7 26.0 994 15-17 9.8 9.1 1,980 13.1 20.9 626 18-19 13.7 13.2 1,164 17.3 34.8 367 20-24 13.5 15.4 2,343 27.4 41.8 643 20-22 14.2 14.5 1,476 28.3 41.6 411 23-24 Marital status 12.4 16.9 867 25.8 42.0 232 Never married 13.4 13.1 4,081 19.7 32.1 1,504 Ever had sex (8.8) (16.6) 23 33.6 68.8 329 Never had sex 13.4 13.1 4,058 15.8 21.9 1,175 Ever married Residence 8.7 11.3 1,406 19.4 33.2 132 Urban 14.0 18.2 1,456 33.5 37.3 431 Rural District 11.6 10.7 4,031 14.7 30.4 1,205 Aileu 10.1 9.6 270 13.8 22.4 76 Ainaro 2.5 9.0 250 3.1 33.1 92 Baucau 24.8 6.9 584 2.1 4.8 151 Bobonaro 6.6 10.6 567 24.1 31.3 161 Covalima 13.8 26.5 341 4.9 73.5 96 Dili 12.6 15.5 1,018 40.0 34.3 296 Ermera 9.3 1.6 673 2.6 22.1 244 Lautem 13.5 28.4 343 19.0 29.4 134 Liquiçá 10.5 10.5 351 24.9 29.0 103 Manatuto 12.0 25.3 267 61.8 98.0 80 Manufahi 20.9 20.6 195 46.4 16.2 53 Oecussi 4.2 10.9 300 5.8 38.3 63 Viqueque Education 14.5 3.7 328 9.3 17.6 86 No education 3.6 2.7 736 2.7 11.0 192 Primary 4.4 4.5 1,112 6.8 17.0 336 Secondary 15.6 16.3 3,475 25.6 39.6 1,073 More than secondary Wealth quintile 31.0 36.2 164 (55.6) (67.8) 34 Lowest 8.9 8.1 879 11.4 24.2 289 Second 10.8 6.9 1,031 11.1 25.8 317 Middle 9.7 10.0 1,134 17.8 30.0 327 Fourth 14.5 16.4 1,204 20.8 40.9 351 Highest 15.8 19.5 1,239 34.6 38.0 352 Total 12.2 12.7 5,487 19.7 32.2 1,636 Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. 1 Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that consistent use of condom during sexual intercourse and having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the chance of getting the AIDS virus, knowing that a healthy-looking person can have the AIDS virus, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about AIDS transmission or prevention. The components of comprehensive knowledge are presented in Tables 14.2, 14.3.1, and 14.3.2. 2 For this table, the following responses are not considered sources for condoms: friends, family members, and home. As shown in Table 14.11, young men are more than twice as likely as young women to know where to obtain a condom (32 percent compared with 13 percent). Knowledge of a condom source among youth rises with age, is higher in urban than in rural areas, and varies positively with education and wealth. Young women in Lautem and young men in Manatuto are more likely than their counterparts to know of a source of condoms.
14.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom Use at First Sexual Intercourse Information from the 2009-10 TLDHS can be used to examine several important issues relating to the initiation of sexual activity among youth, including age at first sex and condom use at first sexual intercourse. Table 14.12 shows the proportions of women and men in the 15-24 age cohort who had sex before age 15 and before age 18. Two percent of young women and less than one percent of young men had sex by age 15, while 15 percent of young women and 10 percent of young men had sex by age 18. The female-male difference in the age at first sexual debut is primarily due to the earlier age at marriage of women. Table 14.12 Age at first sexual intercourse among youth Percentage of young women and of young men age 15-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 15 and percentage of young women and of young men age 18-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 18, by background characteristics, Timor-Leste 2009-10 Women age 15-24 Women age 18-24 Men age 15-24 Men age 18-24 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage who had who had who had who had sexual sexual sexual sexual Background intercourse Number of intercourse Number of intercourse Number of intercourse Number of characteristic Age before age 15 women before age 18 women before age 15 men before age 18 men 15-19 1.1 3,144 na na 0.8 994 na na 15-17 0.9 1,980 na na 1.0 626 na na 18-19 1.5 1,164 12.4 1,164 0.6 367 12.4 367 20-24 2.7 2,343 16.8 2,343 0.1 643 9.2 643 20-22 1.9 1,476 15.9 1,476 0.1 411 10.5 411 23-24 Marital status 4.2 867 18.4 867 0.0 232 6.9 232 Never married 0.0 4,081 0.4 2,161 0.6 1,504 9.5 878 Ever married Knows condom source 6.9 1,406 39.4 1,347 0.0 132 16.3 132 1 Yes 1.5 694 11.3 515 1.0 527 19.6 396 No Residence 1.8 4,793 16.0 2,992 0.3 1,109 4.4 614 Urban 1.9 1,456 11.7 1,015 0.7 431 11.0 286 Rural District 1.7 4,031 16.9 2,492 0.5 1,205 10.1 724 Aileu 1.6 270 13.9 158 0.8 76 7.1 54 Ainaro 1.0 250 17.0 157 0.0 92 4.2 46 Baucau 1.1 584 15.2 356 0.0 151 1.8 90 Bobonaro 3.2 567 16.9 368 0.0 161 1.4 95 Covalima 2.4 341 16.0 198 4.9 96 42.8 58 Dili 2.3 1,018 10.8 737 0.0 296 8.8 210 Ermera 0.3 673 13.8 415 0.2 244 4.9 156 Lautem 2.0 343 21.5 200 0.0 134 11.2 65 Liquiçá 1.2 351 13.7 231 2.2 103 21.3 65 Manatuto 1.2 267 15.2 166 0.7 80 24.8 48 Manufahi 1.5 195 14.4 135 0.0 53 3.5 33 Oecussi 3.1 300 26.6 192 0.0 63 (22.6) 37 Viqueque Education 2.2 328 17.7 195 0.0 86 5.0 53 No education 3.2 736 21.1 519 0.0 192 7.9 122 Primary 4.1 1,112 30.9 697 0.5 336 10.9 181 Secondary 0.9 3,475 10.0 2,130 0.6 1,073 10.7 674 More than secondary Wealth quintile 0.0 164 0.6 162 0.0 34 (9.2) 33 Lowest 2.6 879 21.8 520 0.9 289 9.2 161 Second 1.7 1,031 16.1 649 0.3 317 8.7 190 Middle 1.6 1,134 18.6 716 0.4 327 9.3 205 Fourth 2.3 1,204 13.4 807 0.3 351 12.5 236 Highest 1.0 1,239 9.8 815 0.9 352 11.5 218 Total 1.8 5,487 15.3 3,507 0.5 1,636 10.4 1,010 Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. na = Not applicable 1 For this table, the following responses are not considered a source for condoms: friends, family members, and home. HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior | 199
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Timor-Leste Demographic and Health
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CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .......
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CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES 7.1
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14.8 HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge and
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x | Tables and Figures CHAPTER 4 FE
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xii | Tables and Figures Table 11.4
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xiv | Tables and Figures Table 16.4
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FOREWORD The 2009-10 Timor-Leste De
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CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT Elias do
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about three children more than wome
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Postnatal Care. The majority of wom
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However, the level of chronic energ
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MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICAT
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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 HISTORY, GEOGRAP
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The government of Timor-Leste has l
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1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SURVEY The
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1.8 HEMOGLOBIN TESTING In one-third
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In these households, 13,796 women w
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Table 2.1 Household population by a
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The percentage of children not livi
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The Early Childhood Care and Educat
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Table 2.4.2 Educational attainment
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The GAR at the primary school level
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ate (2 percent) than their rural co
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water. Thirty-six percent of househ
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The type of flooring material used
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Table 2.11 Wealth quintiles Percent
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3 Th
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Table 3.2.1 Educational attainment:
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Table 3.3.1 Literacy: Women Percent
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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Table 3.5.1 Employment status: Wome
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3.4.2 Occupation Respondents who we
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3.4.3 Earnings, Employers, and Cont
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Tables 3.8.1 and 3.8.2 show the per
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Table 3.9.1 Use of tobacco: Women P
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FERTILITY 4 One of the major object
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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calculated in the 2003 DHS follows
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of primary sterility. In Timor-Lest
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Table 4.8 Median age at first birth
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FAMILY PLANNING 5 In 2002, the Coun
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According to the 2003 DHS, knowledg
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Table 5.3.1 Ever use of contracepti
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.5 Current use of contracept
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Use increases with parity but with
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Female and male sterilizations are
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Table 5.10 Future use of contracept
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Table 5.13 Exposure to family plann
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Table 5.15 Husband/partner’s know
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6.2 POLYGYNY Polygyny (the practice
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20.9 years. Although the proportion
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84 | Other Proximate Determinants o
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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There is little difference in the p
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2 percent among women age 30-34 to
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92 | Fertility Preferences Table 7.
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94 | Fertility Preferences 7.3 NEED
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96 | Fertility Preferences an idea
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98 | Fertility Preferences The perc
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with their death, or they may live
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100 80 60 40 20 102 | Infant and Ch
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104 | Infant and Child Mortality Ta
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8.7 HIGH-RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR Th
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ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY 9 The
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9.2 ADULT MORTALITY Table 9.3 Sibsh
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MATERNAL HEALTH 10 Making Pregnancy
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among women in the lowest wealth qu
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A much lower percentage of Timorese
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Table 10.5 Knowledge of danger sign
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10.6.2 Assistance during Delivery O
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Table 10.8 Knowledge of danger sign
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Table 10.10 Application of material
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Table 10.12 Timing of first postnat
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Where health services are present,
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CHILD HEALTH 11 This chapter presen
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In the TLDHS, information on vaccin
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Boys (54 percent) are somewhat more
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The data indicate that two percent
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11.6 DIARRHEAL DISEASE Dehydration
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Table 11.8 Diarrhea treatment Among
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Ten percent of children with diarrh
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There are marked differences in the
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Page 182 and 183: 80 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 150
Page 184 and 185: 60 50 40 30 20 10 152 | Nutrition o
Page 186 and 187: Table 12.2 shows the percentages of
Page 188 and 189: 100 Percent 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Page 190 and 191: Table 12.5 Foods and liquids consum
Page 192 and 193: Table 12.6 Infant and young child f
Page 194 and 195: Table 12.7 shows the percentage of
Page 196 and 197: the most recent distribution preced
Page 198 and 199: Table 12.10 Nutritional status of w
Page 200 and 201: Table 12.12 shows data on micronutr
Page 202 and 203: 12.12 PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN
Page 205 and 206: MALARIA 13 Malaria remains a leadin
Page 207 and 208: 13.1.2 Use of Mosquito Nets by Chil
Page 209 and 210: Tables 13.3 and 13.4 show the perce
Page 211 and 212: The highest prevalence of fever is
Page 213 and 214: HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUD
Page 215 and 216: percent of women and 61 percent of
Page 217 and 218: person who has AIDS or by sharing c
Page 219 and 220: Comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
Page 221 and 222: HIV or AIDS on all four indicators
Page 223 and 224: Table 14.6 Payment for sexual inter
Page 225 and 226: 14.5 MALE CIRCUMCISION Male circumc
Page 227 and 228: In the 2009-10 TLDHS, women and men
Page 229: 100 Percent 80 60 40 20 0 64 Total
Page 233 and 234: To assess the extent of condom use
Page 235 and 236: WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPH
Page 237 and 238: Table 15.2.1 Control over women’s
Page 239 and 240: Table 15.2.2 Control over men's cas
Page 241 and 242: Table 15.4.1 Women’s participatio
Page 243 and 244: Table 15.5.1 Women’s participatio
Page 245 and 246: 15.5 ATTITUDES TOWARD WIFE BEATING
Page 247 and 248: Table 15.6.2 Attitude toward wife b
Page 249 and 250: Table 15.7.1 Attitude toward refusi
Page 251 and 252: Women’s empowerment is closely as
Page 253 and 254: Table 15.8 Indicators of women’s
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Page 257 and 258: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 16 In the words o
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Page 261 and 262: Table 16.1 Experience of physical v
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Page 267 and 268: Domestic violence is not limited to
Page 269 and 270: Table 16.8 Forms of spousal violenc
Page 271 and 272: Table 16.9—Continued Emotional vi
Page 273 and 274: Table 16.10 Spousal violence by hus
Page 275 and 276: 16.14 Physical Violence by Women ag
Page 277 and 278: 16.15 HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF WOME
Page 279 and 280: 16.17 SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES The f
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REFERENCES Acharya, M. 2010. Effort
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Ministry of Health (MOH) [Timor-Les
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World Health Organization (WHO), Wo
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256 | Appendix A during the populat
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A.5 SURVEY RESULTS 258 | Appendix A
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ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS Append
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Table B.1 List of selected variable
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Table B.3 Sampling errors for Urban
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Table B.5 Sampling errors for Aileu
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Table B.7 Sampling errors for Bauca
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Table B.9 Sampling errors for Coval
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Table B.11 Sampling errors for Erme
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Table B.13 Sampling errors for Liqu
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Table B.15 Sampling errors for Manu
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Table B.17 Sampling errors for Viqu
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282 | Appendix C Table C.2.1 Age di
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284 | Appendix C Table C.5 Reportin
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286 | Appendix C Table C.7 Nutritio
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PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2009-10 TIM
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Martinho da Costa Cesaltina Falcao
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QUESTIONNAIRES Appendix E Appendix
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296 | Appendix E Introduction and C
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IF AGE 15 IF AGE 0-17 YEARS IF AGE
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300 | Appendix E HOUSEHOLD CHARACTE
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302 | Appendix E NO. QUESTIONS AND
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306 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT AND
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308 | Appendix E WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AN
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310 | Appendix E
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312 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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314 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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212 316 | Appendix E 213 214 215 21
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326 | Appendix E LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO
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350 | Appendix E LAST SEXUAL PARTNE
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352 | Appendix E SECTION 7. FERTILI
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356 | Appendix E SECTION 8. HUSBAND
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362 | Appendix E SECTION 10. OTHER
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364 | Appendix E SECTION 11. MATERN
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366 | Appendix E SECTION 12. DOMEST
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372 | Appendix E INSTRUCTIONS: 2 04
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374 | Appendix E INTRODUCTION AND C
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376 | Appendix E SECTION 2. REPRODU
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378 | Appendix E SECTION 3. CONTRAC
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380 | Appendix E 311 Where is that?
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386 | Appendix E SECTION 5. FERTILI
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388 | Appendix E SECTION 6. EMPLOYM
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390 | Appendix E SECTION 7. HIV/AID
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